PALO ALTO, California------"Switching off the television may help prevent childr
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PALO ALTO, California------"Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter------ even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise," US researchers said last week.
A study of 192 third and fourth graders, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds(0.9kg) less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.
"The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity," said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician(儿科专家) at Stanford University.
"American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing video games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20 years," Robinson said.
In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies‘ annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.
Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet or took part in any extra exercise.
"One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories," Robinson said.
"Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more," Robinson said.
小题1:The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that ________.| A．children will get fatter if they eat too much | | B．children will get thinner if they eat less | | C．children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV | | D．children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV |
小题2:According to the passage, the time American children usually spend on watching TV_____.| A．is more than four hours a day | B．is less than four hours a day | | C．doubled in the last twenty years | D．is more than on any other activities |
小题3: The time children spend on TV viewing every day is suggested to be about ________.| A．six hours | B．eight hours | C．three hours | D．one hour |
小题4:Which one of the following is right?| A．Children usually eat fewer while watching TV. | | B．Children usually eat more while watching TV. | | C．Children eat the same amount of meals while watching TV. | | D．Children usually eat nothing while watching TV. |
小题5:Why can watching TV increase kids’ weight according to the passage?
A. They usually eat more while watching TV.
B. They burn off fewer calories.
C. They change their diet while watching TV.
D. Both A and B. |
答案
小题1:D
小题1:A
小题1:C
小题1:B
小题1:C |
解析
| 略 |
举一反三
It’s interesting that the arrival of snow has effect on people in different countries. For some countries it is an important happening to celebrate each year, while for others a catastrophe(灾害) or even a wonder.
But there are countries between these two kinds that normally expect snow some time over the winter months, but never receive snow regularly or in the same quantities every year. Britain is one of them, for which the arrival of snow quite simply causes problems. Within hours of the first snowfalls, however light, roads are blocked, trains and buses have to stop in the middle of the way. Normal communication is affected as well: telephone calls become difficult and the post immediately takes more time than usual. And almost within hours, there are also certain shortages----bread, vegetables and other things-----not because all these things can no longer be produced or sent to shops, but mainly because people are frightened and go out and store up with food and so on…just for fear that something bad should happen.
But why does snow have this effect? After all, the Swiss, the Austrians and the Canadians don‘t have such problems. It is simple because there is not enough planning and preparation. We need money to buy equipment to deal with snow and ice. To keep the roads clear, for example, requires snow-ploughs(扫雪机) and machines to spread salt. The reason why a country like Britain does not buy snow-ploughs is that they are used for a few days in any one year, and the money could be more useful in other things such as hospital, education, helping the old and so on..
小题1:According to the writer, Britain is a country ________.| A．which has regular snow | B．which is not well prepared for snow | | C．for which snow is a catastrophe | D．for which snow is a wonder |
小题2:After a few hours’ snowing there are often some shortages of food because ______.
A. shops have closed down B. people buy as much as they can
B. farmers cannot produce any more D. people eat more vegetables in winter
小题3:The words "two kinds" in the passage mean the countries ______.| A．which have weather as yearly happening to celebrate or as rare(少见) weather | | B．which either have heavy snow or light snow | | C．to which snow either causes problems or no problems | | D．which either have snow-ploughs or no snow-ploughs |
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It’s hard to track the blue whale, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.
So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the US Navy, they are able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days recording its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s former top secret system of underwater listening devices across the oceans.
Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.
Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely observing a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they planned similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in the ocean and global temperatures. Different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope(听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.
小题1:The underwater listening system was originally designed _________________.| A．to trace and locate enemy ships | | B．to observe deep sea volcanic eruptions | | C．to study the movement of ocean currents | | D．to replace the global radio communications network |
小题2:The deep-sea listening system makes use of __________________.| A．the ability of sound to travel at high speed | | B．the top-level technology of focusing sounds under water | | C．the unique characteristic of layers of ocean water in carrying sound | | D．low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water |
小题3:What can we infer from the passage?| A．New radio devices are developed for tracking the blue whales. | | B．Blue whales are no longer endangered with the new system. | | C．Opinions differ on the use of military technology. | | D．Military technology has great potential in civilian use. |
小题4:What is the passage chiefly about?| A．An effort to protect an endangered marine species. | | B．The civilian use of a military detection system. | | C．The exposure of a US Navy top-secret weapon. | | D．A new way to look into the behavior of blue whales. |
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It is interesting how NASA(美国航天航空局) chose their astronauts for landing them on the moon. They chose men 36 the ages of twenty and thirty-five. There were about fifty of them. Some were 37 air pilots, and 38 were scientists with two or three degrees. NASA telephoned each man they were going to choose, told him the plans and the 39 they might get into. They then asked him if he was willing to be trained as an astronaut, “How could any man 40 such an exciting job?” One of them said, “Dangerous? Of course. It’s dangerous 41 most exciting.”
The health and physical condition of the people was, 42 , very necessary. Only those in very good health and physical condition were 43 .
While being trained to be astronauts, they went through many 44 . They studied the star and the moon, and they also studied geology, the science of rocks. This was necessary 45 astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon. They would try to find rocks which might help to tell the 46 of the moon. They were all 47 to fly in helicopters. There helicopters landed straight down to give them some 48 of the way the spaceship would actually land on the 49 . They were also taught the known facts about the 50 in space. They learnt about all the scientists and engineers who 51 spaceships. They visited the 52 where spaceships were repaired. They learnt how every 53 of a spaceship and its instruments work. They also learnt every detail of ground-control 54 .
In a word, to be chosen as astronaut, one must be in good 55 , well-informed in science and good at piloting.
| 小题2: | | A．experienced | B．old | C．handsome | D．retired |
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| 小题3: | | A．none | B．few | C．others | D．both |
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| 小题4: | | A．dangers | B．sadness | C．reality | D．protection |
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| 小题5: | | A．share | B．treat | C．offer | D．refuse |
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| 小题7: | | A．in all | B．of course | C．so far | D．at last |
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| 小题8: | | A．noticed | B．chosen | C．praised | D．examined |
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| 小题9: | | A．jobs | B．places | C．courses | D．ways |
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| 小题10: | | A．so | B．because | C．as if | D．even though |
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| 小题12: | | A．shown | B．trained | C．told | D．allowed |
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| 小题13: | | A．advice | B．experience | C．surprise | D．thought |
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| 小题14: | | A．water | B．rock | C．moon | D．earth |
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| 小题15: | | A．secrets | B．traditions | C．theories | D．conditions |
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| 小题16: | | A．drew | B．developed | C．designed | D．discovered |
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| 小题17: | | A．offices | B．shops | C．colleges | D．factories |
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| 小题18: | | A．part | B．movement | C．step | D．body |
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| 小题19: | | A．method | B．difficulty | C．system | D．trick |
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| 小题20: | | A．shape | B．position | C．order | D．health |
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Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent. They will help shoppers find paper cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill.
The touch-screen devices are on show at the Food Marketing Institute’s exhibition here this week, “These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker,” said Michael Alexander, manager of Springboard Retail Netwo rks Inc., which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.
Canadian stores will test the Concierge in July. A similar device, IBM’s “Shopping Buddy”, has recently been test-marketed at Stop & Shop stores in Massachusetts.
Neither device tells you how many fat grams or calories are in your cart, but they will flash you with items on sale. The idea is to make it easier for people to buy, not to have second thoughts that maybe you should put something back on the shelf.
“The whole model is driven by advertisers’ need to get in front of shoppers,” said Alexander. “They’re not watching 30-second TV ads anymore.”
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system（系统）that will organize the trip around the store. If you’re looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
The device also keeps a record of what you buy. When you’re finished, the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self-checkout stand and pay.
The new computerized shopping assistants don’t come cheap. The Buddy devices will cost the average store about $ 160, 000, and the Concierge will cost stores about $ 500 for each device.
小题1:The underlined word “they”（paragraph 1）refers to ____________.| A．supermarkets | B．shop assistants | | C．shopping carts | D．shop managers |
小题2:We can learn from the last paragraph that ___________.A．intelligent shopping ca rts cost a large sum of money | | B．the Concierge is cheaper than the Buddy devices | | C．shop assistants with computer knowledge are well paid | | D．average stores prefer the Concierge to the Buddy devices |
小题3:What might be the most suitable title for the text?| A．New age for supermarkets | | B．Concierge and Shopping Buddy | | C．New computers make shopping carts smarter | | D．Touch-screen devices make shopping enjoyable |
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Scientists made a great break through this year in England when the first "test tube" baby was born．The birth was the result of many years of research by doctors．The doctors did the research in groups to help the women who cannot conceive a baby in the normal way．
What happened when the baby was born "from a test tube"? Well, the baby did not literally grow in a test tube．The first stage of the process was that the egg from the woman and the sperm from the man were put together in the test tube．After all, the embryo was put into the womb of a woman．This process was difficult．But it was successful, so the baby was eventually born, like any other, from a woman, only the woman wasn"t the baby"s real mother, but a sort of "carrier" of a baby produced by another couple．
Obviously, this method is t o help to couples who can"t have children because of physical problems in the woman．But very difficult moral problems arise in the kind of situation．Take it for instance, a case that happened this year．A couple who wanted a baby advertised for a woman to have a child by the father of the couple．They offered the woman a lot of money．The woman was made pregnant by artificial insemination; in this case, the woman "employed" to bear the child was its real mother．When the baby was born, the woman refused to give it back to the couple．But, in the eyes of the law, the woman had a right to keep the children because she was its biological mother．
You could argue that we should change the law to deal with this kind of situation．In earlier times, there were always healthy babies needing adoption, because family planning methods were not so effective as they are now．These days, however, most of the children who can be adopted are over six years old, often handicapped in some way．So a couple who want a young healthy baby cannot always adopt one, this is why the "test tube" baby is in demand．But is it normally righ t to use this method? Should we temper with nature in this way? Even if we change the law, would this be the right step to take ?
小题1:The birth of the first "test-tube" baby is a great advance _____．| A．on medical science | | B．in birth control | | C．on the research for babies | | D．in the lives of married women |
小题2:When we say a baby was born "from a test-tube", we mean_____ ．| A．the baby didn"t develop in the womb of a woman | | B．the baby has no biological parents | | C．the embryo was formed in the test tube | | D．the baby grew in the test-tube before it was born |
小题3:According to the law, who has right to keep the baby produced by the artificial method?| A．The couple who want a baby． | B．T he biological mother of the child． | | C．The person who pays the money to the real mother． | | D．The father who advertises for a biological mother． |
小题4:According to the passage, people need "test-tube baby" because_____ ．| A．family planning methods are not effective． | | B．they can"t always adopt a young healthy baby | | C．they are unwilling to adopt a child． | | D．there are so many babies needing adoption． |
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