GUATEMALA CITY （Reuters） – A fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽) across the
题型：不详难度：来源：
GUATEMALA CITY （Reuters） – A fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽) across the Americas can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted(适应) to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.
The Magrove Rivulus, a type of small killifish, lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of Belize, the United States and Brazil. When their living place dries up, they live on the land in logs(圆木), said Scott Taylor, a researcher at the Brevard Endangered Lands Program in Florida.
The fish, whose scientific name
is Rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. They group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again.The new scientific discovery came after a trip to Belize.
“We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out,” Taylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatgemala by telephone. He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year.
In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating.
Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time. The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can live out of water, but only in an inactive state. But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canada’s University of Guelph.
Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.
“These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago, when animals began making the transition(过渡) from water onto land,” Wright said.
1. The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that _______.
A. likes eating nuts
B. prefers living in dry places
C. is the longest living fish on earth
D. can stay alive for two months out of water
2. Who will write up a report on Mangrove Rivulus?
A. Patricia Wright.
B. Scott Taylor.
C. Scientists from Belize.
D. Researchers in Guatemala.
3. According to the text, lungfish can ________.
A. breathe through its skin
B. move freely on dry land
C. remain alive out of water
D. be as active on land as in water
4. What can we say about the discovery of Mangrove Rivulus?
A. It was made quite by accident.
B. It was helped by Patricia Wright.
C. It was based on a lab test of sea life.
D. It was supported by an American magazine.
答案
解析
1. D A、B两项都不是这种鱼的特性；根据第三段可知，这种鱼可以长大三英寸那么大，所以也不是最长的鱼，C项也不对；根据第六段可知D项是正确的表述。
2. B 根据第五段第二句“He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year.”可知答案。
3. C 根据第七段第二句内容可知答案。
4. A 根据第五段Taylor所说的话可知A项为正确答案。
举一反三
Scientists first predicted in the 1970s that heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere could cause a polar meltdown. Many now believe that human activities are turning up the heat. When we burn fossil fuels like coal and oil, we add carbon dioxide(CO2) gas to the Earth’s atmosphere. Cutting down trees also makes CO2 levels raise because trees normally soak up CO2 to make food. Scientists say higher CO2 levels strengthen the “greenhouse effect” and could increase the Earth’s temperature. In fact, CO2 levels have risen by 30 percent since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Over the past three years, satellite measurements have shown a sea level rise of about a quarter inch worldwide. “If nothing is done to reduce fossil-fuel pollution and global warming, sea levels will rise even more.” says geologist Richard Alley.
But even Alley admits that a polar meltdown would take time. The ice in Antarctica and Arctic locks up nearly nine times the volume of water contained in all the world’s rivers and lakes. These are such big “ice cubes” and it would probably take thousands of years to melt them.
Another scientist Charles Bentley doesn’t think a meltdown will happen at all. “Even if warmer temperatures begin to melt polar-ice,” he says, “the excess moisture would most likely be redeposit as snow.” In other words, the melted ice would evaporate into the atmosphere, refreeze, and fall as rain and snow over the Poles.
小题1:What consequence of global warming is mentioned in the passage?
| A．More tropical storms. | B．More tropical diseases. |
| C．Changes in farm productivity. | D．Coastal flooding. |
| A．CO2 in the atmosphere cannot keep the heat from escaping into space. |
| B．The increase of CO2 gas may warm the planet and help to melt polar ice. |
| C．Cutting down trees helps to greatly reduce CO2 levels. |
| D．The end of the short-lived age of fossil fuels is already in sight. |
| A．the sea-level rise can be prevented by cutting back on energy-consuming activities |
| B．the recent breaking off of ice blocks from Antarctica is just a natural part of a long-term cycle |
| C．Antarctica temperatures have significantly changed since the Industrial Revolution |
| D．the polar meltdown may be an accidental change of climate rather than a sign of global warming |
| A．governments around the world are beginning to reduce CO2 levels in the air |
| B．a melting of the polar ice cannot be achieved with the present technologies |
| C．the melted ice in the polar areas would change into snow and rain over the Poles |
| D．the sun’s heat would have no chance of being absorbed by the polar ice |
| A．In the second paragraph. | B．In the third paragraph. |
| C．In the fourth paragraph. | D．In the fifth paragraph. |
"Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still men"s world. " said Dr. James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study.
Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to make money to support his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot be taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they won"t be able to do what they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children.
Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances.
Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in "Women"s Liberation", "I don"t wish I were a man," she says, "and I don"t think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating us like second-class people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to men—usually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are there…or engineers?"
小题1:Many men think ______.
| A．women can"t do what men can |
| B．men have to work much harder than women |
| C．men can make money more easily than women |
| D．women"s duty is mainly to do housework at home |
| A．women need chances to go out of the home more often |
| B．women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they want |
| C．if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of men |
| D．women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes |
| A．women should live a better life than men |
| B．women should be really liberated |
| C．women should be given better jobs than men |
| D．women should live a more wonderful life than men |
If there were no trees, heavy rains would wash away the rich top soil that is so important to plants. The result is that the land will become a desert. There are plenty of desert areas in the world. A long time ago these desert areas used to be very rich areas, but man in the past had no enough knowledge about science of nature, they cut down too many trees in the area where they lived and never planted new ones. By and by the rich top soil was blown and washed away by strong winds and heavy rains. In the end the rich land changed into useless deserts where nothing could grow.
小题1:According to the passage, ______.
| A．a long time ago, man didn"t know how to make use of wood |
| B．trees are not as useful as they were in the past |
| C．trees were more found in the past than they are today |
| D．people have always found trees useful |
| A．the land would become better | B．heavy rains would be very clean |
| C．the rich soil couldn"t be kept | D．there wouldn"t be any plants |
| A．do nothing to keep the balance（平衡）of nature |
| B．take his best to keep the balance of nature |
| C．try his best to keep the balance of nature |
| D．do his best to stop the balance of nature |
collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the
zoo.One of the questions that is always asked of me is __1__ I became an animal
collector in the first __2__ .The answer is that I have always been interested
in animals and zoos.According to my parents, the first word I was able to say
with any __3__ was not the conventional“mamma”or“daddy”，__4__ the word“zoo”，
which I would __5__ over and over again with a shrill __6__ until someone,
insgroupsto __7__ me up, would take me to the zoo.When I __8__ a little older,
we lived in Greece and I had a great __9__ of pets, ranging from owls to
seahorses, and I spent all my spare time __10__ the countryside in search of
fresh specimens to __11__ to my collection of pets.__12__ on I went for a year
to the City Zoo, as a student __13__ , to get experience of the large animals,
such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches,__14__ were not easy to keep at
home.When I left, I __15__ had enough money of my own to be able to __16__ my
first trip and I have been going __17__ ever since then.Though a collector"s job
is not an easy one and is full of __18__ ,it is certainly a job which will
appeal __19__ all those who love animals and __20__ .
1.A.how B.where C.when D.whether
2.A.region B.field C.place D.case
3.A.clarity B.emotion C.sentiment D.affection
4.A.except B.but C.except for D.but for
5.A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeat
6.A.volume B.noise C.voice D.pitch
7.A.close B.shut C.stop D.comfort
8.A.grew B.was growing C.grow D.grown
9.A.many B.amount C.number D.supply
10.A.living B.cultivating C.reclaiming D.exploring
11.A.increase B.include C.add D.enrich
12.A.later B.further C.then D.subsequently
13.A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aide
14.A.who B.they C.of which D.which
15.A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully
16.A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance
17.A.normally B.regularly C.usually D.often
18.A.expectations B.sorrows C.excitement D.disappointments
19.A.for B.with C.to D.from
20.A.excursion B.travel C.journey D.Trip
On June 17,1744, the officials from Maryland and Virginia held a talk with the Indians of the Six Nations． The Indians were invited to send boys to William and Mary College． In letter the next day they refused the offer as follows:
We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you． We are certain that you mean to do us good by your suggestion; and we thank you heartily． But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be displeased if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours． We have had some experience of it． Several of our young people were formerly brought up at the colleges of the northern provinces:
They were taught all your sciences; but, when they came back to us, they were bad manners, and they knew little of every means of living in the woods．．． they were totally good for nothing．
We are, however, not the less obliged for your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know, and make men of them．
59．The passage is about _______．
A．the talk between the Indians and the officials
B．the colleges of the northern provinces
C．the educational values of the Indians
D．the problems of the Americans in the mid-eighteenth century
60．The Indians’ chief purpose in writing the letter seems to be to______．
A．politely refuse a friendly offer
B．express their opinions on equal treatment
C．show their pride
D．describe Indian customs
61．Different from the officials’ view of education, the Indians thought______．
A．young women should also be educated
B．they had different objects of education
C．they taught different branches of science
D．they should teach the sons of the officials first
62．The mood of the letter as a whole is best described as ______．
A．angry B．polite C．pleasant D．inquiring
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