Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that
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Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it"s best to sleep on a
problem. They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information
we receive each day.
The lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said, "Sleep helps us draw rules
from our experiences. It"s like knowing the difference between dogs and cats even if it"s hard to explain."
The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and
symbols, reports New Scientist. They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep
between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept. They found that people were
better able to remember lists of related words after a night’s sleep than after the same time spent
awake during the day. They also found it easier to remember themes that the words had in common. But
they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake.
Prof. John Groeger, of Survey University"s Sleep Research Centre, said, "People have been trying for
years to find out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative （促使康复的）value."
"We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the
way the brain deals with them all." |
| 1. The phrase "to sleep on a problem" in Paragraph 1 most likely means "________". |
A. to pay full attention to a problem
B. to wait until the next day for a decision
C. to sleep to forget a problem
D. to have difficulty in sleeping |
| 2. In the study by the US research team, students were asked to ________. |
A. put together words of similar meanings
B. remember words and their meanings
C. show their knowledge of words
D. make up lists of related words |
| 3. Which of the following may be easier to remember? |
A. Themes learned right before the test.
B. Rules from personal experiences.
C. Words learned before a good sleep.
D. Ideas stored together in the brain. |
| 4. What may be the importance of the research? |
A. It shows that sleep may help us manage information.
B. It helps find out the common themes of words.
C. It tells us that more sleep can improve health.
D. It proves the value of old-fashioned advice. |
答案
| 1-4: BBCA |
举一反三
| 阅读理解 |
Polyester (聚酯 ) is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes
that it is now beginning to break the control of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of
this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have
been doing badly worldwide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of
ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was
in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which
high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started
selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these
large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since
the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become
much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy
when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object
to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and
time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI"s commercial department
is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to
the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is
the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1. Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles__________.
A. since 1982
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them
2. Why is ICI"s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
A. The other things they make are not selling well.
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.
D. The price of oil keeps changing.
3. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they ______.
A. are cheaper
B. are more suited to small sizes
C. are more exciting to look at
D. do not break easily
4. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans______.
A. have been used for many years
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies
C. are possible, but only for hot food
D. are the first things being made in the new factories |
| 阅读理解。 |
The iPhone, the iPad, each of Apple"s products sounds cool and has become a fad (一时的风尚).
Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter "i" - and many other brands are following
suit. The BBC"s iPlayer - which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet -adopted the
title in 2008. A lovely bear - popular in the US and UK - that plays music and video is called "iTeddy".
A slimmed-down version of London"s Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name
"i".
In general, single-letter prefixes (前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as
e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
Most "i" products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent"s
"i", it"s no surprise that they"ve selected this fashionable name.
But it"s hard to see what"s so special about the letter "i". Why not use "a", "b", or "c" instead?
According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King"s College, London, "i" works because
its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses "i", no one knows whether it means Internet,
information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. "Even when Apple created the iPod,
it seems it didn"t have one clear definition," he says.
"However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability (轻便) ."adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter "i" also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual.
Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with "Google" and "blog", readers of BBC Magazines voted "i" as one of the top 20 words
that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows, people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with "2000" in
their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern.
However, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared. |
| 1. People use iPlayer to __________. |
A. listen to music
B. make a call
C. watch TV programs online
D. read newspapers |
| 2. We can infer that the Independent"s "i" is aimed at __________. |
A. young readers
B. old readers
C. fashionable women
D. engineers |
| 3. The underlined word "ambiguous" means "__________". |
A. popular
B. uncertain
C. definite
D. unique |
| 4. Nowadays, the "i" term often reminds people of the products which are __________. |
A. portable
B. environmentally friendly
C. advanced
D. recyclable |
| 5. The writer suggests that __________. |
A. "i" products are often of high quality
B. iTeddy is alive bear
C. the letter "b" replaces letter "i" to name the products
D. the popularity of "i" products may not last long |
|
| 阅读理解 |
The traditional teaching and learning process in China is constantly being challenged by educational
reformists trying to create something better. One such effort has been happening since the beginning of
this term at Cuiyuan Middle School. They have implemented so-called research type learning, an
obligatory (义务的) course added by the Ministry of Education.
As a pilot of the new course, all 600 Senior One students chose the 152 research topics. The
research type learning, which is based on students independent thinking and creation, targets the
students overall (全面的) development and forging application ability.
The results of the research is not that important, said Ma Yuxuan of the school, adding that it is the
participation and the process that really matter. Ma and her other group member finally decided to
investigate students ideal professions as their research topic after an hour long discussion. The research
topics of class five are closely related with reality. Their investigations cover juveniles weight and health,
air pollution and environmental protection, Hakka culture, and drug prevention.
One student called Zhang Ked said that the research type learning developed students" ability,
strengthened their competitiveness for the future, and shared the same objective as the annual college
entrance examination. An investigation by Beijing Normal University"s research institute on students
creativity indicated that Senior Two students in China showed a low creativity. A comparative study
showed that Chinese students" creativity is far below that of their counterparts in Britain. The reason, as
Hu Weiping, who is responsible for the investigation, was the great differences in teaching methods
between the two countries. |
| 1.What"s the possible meaning of the underlined "implemented "in the first paragraph? |
A. met with
B. carried on
C. done with
D. tested out |
| 2. Form the passage we know the new course will_____. |
A. choose the 152 research topics to make a study
B. consider completely students" developments
C. study students"growth and ideal professions
D. need an investigation to prove right |
| 3. According to the students named Hu Weiping, we can conclude that ______. |
A. Chinese students are worse than British ones
B. Chinese teachers are worse than British ones
C. Chinese teaching methods are worse than British ones
D. Chinese students" creativity are as good as British student" |
| 阅读理解 |
Animals are more like us than we ever imagined . They feel pain, they experience stress, they show
affection, excitement and love . All these findings have been made by scientists in recent years-and such
results are beginning to change how we view animals.
Strangely enough, some of this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald"s and KFC . Pressured by animal rights groups , these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.
McDonald"s, for instance, funded studies on pig behavior at Purdue University, Indiana . This research
found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with
each other . If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill . Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2010 . In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting
Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans . Koko, the 300-pound gorilla
at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language . Koko can
now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second
language . On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.
Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom . Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness . Studies have also shown
that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.
These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: "If
you believe in evolution, how can"t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?"
Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity . But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case . In fact, learning is passed from parent to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.
So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this, should we ban hunting
and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and
politicians . Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights .
Germany meanwhile, recently guaranteed animal rights in its constitution-the first country to do so.
1 . McDonald"s and KFC give money to support scientist to do research on animals, because_____
A . they are international big companies.
B . they love animals.
C . they are pressured by animal right groups.
D . they earn a large amount of money and want to do some good deeds.
2 . The research on pigs at Purdue University shows that______
A . pigs love being alone.
B . pigs easily become physically ill.
C . pigs need affection.
D . pigs don"t like to play with each other.
3 . Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A . Animals behave by instinct.
B . Animals have self-awareness.
C . Animals have feelings and love.
D . Animals do not have language skills.
4 . Should we ban hunting and animal testing?
A . Yes.
B . No
C . Not certain
D . Not mentioned
|
A recent study reveals that older people who walk faster may have a longer life. 1
Gathering information of 34,000 people aged 65 and above from nine studies, researchers have
found out that the average walking speed of a person is 0.92 meters or three feet in one second.
2 According to the report pace speed was said to be very significant in survival of elderly people
above 75. If there is an increase of 0.1 meter per second in pace speed, 3
Dr. Stephanie Studenski of the University of Pittsburgh, the leading author of the research said that
when a person walks, there is a required energy and movement control, including support and places
demands on organ systems that include the heart, lungs, musculoskeletal(骨骼的), nervous and
circulatory systems(循环系统). 4
If you walk slower than 0.6 meters or two feet in a second, chances are that your life will be cut short
5 Pace speed is actually an indication of being healthy especially to older people.
A. the risks of death will be reduced to 12 percent.
B. the old people will be in danger of losing their lives.
C. Active walking is of high advantage in having a longer life.
D. There should be an effort in walking at a speed so that people will get used to it.
E. Long life means you have to take a long walk every day.
F. For the past 10 years, there were17,528 deaths reported
G. Slow walking would require higher cost of energy. |
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