Researchers have developed new software using smart phones’GPS and imaging abili

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Researchers have developed new software using smart phones’GPS and imaging abilities that determine the exact location of distant objects as well as monitor the speed and direction of moving objects．The software could eventually allow smart phone-armed soldiers to target the location of their enemies．On the home front，the software could be used by everyone，including golfers judging distance to the green and biologists documenting the location of a rare animal without disturbing it．
“The great advantage of a Smartphone is that it provides so many tools in a single，readily available，relatively inexpensive package，”said Qia Wang，a doctoral student who led the development of the software．“For example，on the battlefield，a soldier needs a rangefinder，compass，GPS and other tools to get information before calling in an air strike．With our software，the soldier can have all those instruments in one device that can be purchased off the shelf．When that soldier returns from War，she can use the same Software to protect her family by clocking a speeder near her children’s school and catching the criminal on video．”
Wang and his colleagues developed their software to locate and track：
Targets of known size—when the size of the target is known．a single image is enough to pinpoint the target’s location．
Targets of unknown size—If the exact size of a target is unknown，the software uses two images to triangulate the location of the target·
Moving targets—By taking a short video of a moving target，the smartphone software can calculate how fast the target is moving and in what direction it is going.
“Currently，our software is limited by the physical abilities of smartphone hardware，but the devices are improving rapidly，”Wang said．“We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy，battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations．”
小题1:From Paragraph 1 we can know that the new software can.

A．determine the speed of moving objects

B．1ocate objects in the distance exactly

C．defend soldiers against their enemies

D．help biologists protect rare animal

小题2:The example given by Qia Wang is meant to .

A．make an advertisement

B．describe the software briefly

C．show the benefits of the software

D．present the functions of smartphones

小题3:How does the software calculate the speed of a moving object?

A．By taking a short video．

B．By locating its position.

C．By taking a single image．

D．By measuring real-life size.

小题4:What’s Qia Wang’s attitude towards the future of the software?

A．Casual．

B．Optimistic．

C．Cautious．

D．Flexible

小题5:What is the best title of the text?

A．Qia Wang，a Talented Doctoral Student

B．Use Smartphones to Their Full Potential

C．Targeting and Tracking With Smartphones

D．Smartphone-armed Soldiers on the Battlefield

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:C

解析

试题分析：这是一篇科普性文章。研究人员已经开发出新的软件，使用智能手机的GPS和成像功能，确定远处物体的确切位置以及监控运动物体的速度和方向。
小题1:B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“determine the exact location of distant objects”“allow smartphonearmed soldiers to target the location of their enemies”以及“biologists documenting the location of a rare animal”可知，新软件可以准确定位远距离的物体。故答案为B。
小题2:C细节理解题。从文章第二段的内容看，博士生王洽举例说在战场上，新软件可以集多种作用于一身，帮助士兵侦察；而当士兵从战场上返回时，她又可以使用相同的软件保护她的家人。由此可知该例子是为了说明新软件的优势。故答案为C。
小题3:A细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段中的“Moving targets — By taking a short video of a moving target”可知答案为A。
小题4:B推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章的最后一句“We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy, battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations.”可推知王洽对新软件使用前景的态度是乐观的。
小题5:C标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是智能手机应用程序的跟踪与定位功能，故C项为最佳标题。

举一反三

Eating different colored foods can keep you healthy, as well as change your mood and behavior. Here is a list of colors, which can change your life.
Blue/Purple
Blue is considered to be peaceful and calming and it has the same effect on our health. The blue / purple color in food is due primarily to their anthocyanins which are antioxidants (抗氧化剂) that are particularly heart healthy and may help support healthy blood pressure. Out of all the blue and purple foods available, blueberries are considered to have the highest antioxidant level. An analysis of the latest data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study found that people who eat purple and blue fruits and vegetables are at a reduced risk for high blood pressure and are less likely to be overweight.
A food and health expert says that blue and purple color foods can prevent blood mass formation, and they also lower the risk of cancer.
Foods that contain blue and purple colors are: reddish eggplant (especially the skin), blueberries, blackberries, purple grapes, etc.
Green
We all know that we should eat green as green symbolizes nature. The green foods are rich in isothiocyanates, which help resist cancer.
Dr. Ashok Agarwal, a food and nutrition specialist, explains, "They are excellent sources of folic acid, vitamin K, as well as carotene （胡萝卜素）. Diets high in those above are associated with lowered blood pressure."
Foods that contain the green color are: broccoli, cabbage, cucumbers, etc.
Red
Lycopene (番茄红素) in reddish fruits and vegetables is a powerful antioxidant that has been associated with a reduced risk of some cancers, and also provides protection against heart attacks.
Dr. Smiths says, "Cooked tomato sauces are associated with greater health benefits as compared with the uncooked version as the heating process allows lycopene to be more easily absorbed by the body. Obtaining the most benefit from food depends on proper selection, storage and cooking of the produce."
Foods that contain red color are: Tomatoes and tomato products, watermelon, guava, red onions, red chili, red apples, red grapes, cherries, etc.
Orange
The orange foods are also rich in carotene, which are particularly good antioxidants. These foods are commonly considered eyesight foods because they contain vitamin A.
"Orange fruits and vegetables also play a part in preventing cancer, particularly of the lungs and stomach. Foods that contain the color orange are: Carrots, mangoes, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, etc.
小题1:The passage tries to tell us that ______.

A．colors mean a lot to people and their health

B．foods of different colors will have different benefits

C．eating foods with a color must prevent diseases

D．what people should eat in their daily lives

小题2:All the colors mentioned in the passage have the function of ______.

A．lowering blood pressure	B．improving eyesight
C．preventing cancer	D．reducing the risk of heart disease

小题3:Which color can help keep us thin according to the passage?

A．Purple.

B．Green.

C．Red.

D．Orange.

小题4:The green and orange foods are both rich in _______.

A．vitamin A

B．folic acid

C．carotene

D．vitamin K

小题5:It can be inferred from the passage that _______.

A．all grapes help lower the risk of high blood pressure and cancer

B．lung cancer can be prevented by eating red-colored foods

C．green-colored foods contain a lot of vitamin A which is good for eye health

D．tomatoes should be eaten cooked so that we can benefit the most

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The biggest danger facing airlines nowadays may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with portable computer in business class. In the last 16 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference (电磁干扰). The source of this interference remains not proved, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.
RTC.A. an organization which advises the aviation (航空 )industry, has suggested that all airlines ban such devices from being used during "critical" stages of flight particularly take- off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights .Cur- rently , rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some air- lines prevent passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are un- willing to carry out a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flight.
The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft"s computers. Experts know that portable devices send out radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory. they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be. dangerous or not.
The fact that aircraft may be fragile to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can "t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music"s too loud.
小题1:What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 16 years?

A．They may have been caused by the damage to-the radio systems.

B．They may have taken place during take-off and landing.

C．They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers.

D．They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.

小题2:Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane "s computers?

A．Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.

B．Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.

C．Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.

D．Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.

小题3:Few airlines want to perform a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because_______

A．they don"t believe there is such a danger as radio interference

B．the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved

C．most passengers refused to take a plane ,which bans the use of radio and cassette players

D．they have other effective safety measures to fall back on

小题4:The passage is mainly about_________.

A．a new rule for all airlines

B．the disadvantages of electronic devices

C．a possible cause of aircraft incidents

D．effective safety measures for air flight

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Harvard student Julie Zauzmer turned 20 on January 22, and her birthday couldn’t have been better: She got to working the overnight shift at the Harvard Square Homeless Shelter.
That might seem an extraordinary act of selflessness for someone turning 20. But there’s increasing evidence that commitment to community service is becoming much more ordinary to today’s young adults.
“Young adults are doing more volunteer service than in any point in history,’’ said Scott Seider, an assistant professor of education at Boston University who studies the civic development of young adults.
At Harvard, the Winthrop Street Homeless Shelter is one of 86 social service programs associated with the Phillips Brooks House Association, which is a student-run nonprofit organization. Students can work with deaf children, bring pets to nursing homes, and prepare Chinese students to become US citizens, and so on.
Volunteerism develops well outside of colleges, too. Applications to AmeriCorps have risen to a very high level, jumping from 91,399 in 2008 to 258,829 in 2010. City Year, which puts young people in high-poverty schools as tutors and mentors for at-risk students, has had a 140 percent increase in applications since its 2007-2008 service year. Citizen Schools, which uses volunteers to work with students in middle schools, has had a 28 percent jump in applicants between 2008 and 2009.
“Most of my friends know it’s their duty to give back before they settle down,’’ said Samantha Wolf, a 23-year-old Boston University graduate serving with City Year in a Mattapan school.
City Year corps member Antonio Gutierrez, 22, graduated last year from Union College in Schenectady, N.Y., and is applying for admission to law schools, but this year he is tutoring and mentoring students at the Blackstone Elementary School in the South End.
“I grew up in similar circumstances,’’ said Gutierrez, who said he was a weak student until enrichment programs changed his academic trajectory (轨迹). Raised by a single mother in low-income housing across the street from City Year’s South End Headquarters, he used to watch the red-jacketed corps members come and go, and decided to become one someday.
小题1:We learn from what Scott Seider says in Paragraph 3 that young people today .

A．study harder than before

B．do more volunteering than ever before

C．don’t care much about others

D．like to find jobs in their communities

小题2:What’s the goal of the program of City Year?

A．It helps to find jobs for college students.

B．It offers shelters to the homeless people.

C．It helps to build schools for poor students.

D．It engages young people to teach at high-poverty schools.

小题3:What do we know about Antonio Gutierrez?

A．He wants to give back as a volunteer.

B．He has always been an excellent student.

C．He never expected to become a volunteer.

D．He now works as a teacher.

小题4:What would be the best title for the text?

A．Volunteering spirit has disappeared

B．How to become a college student

C．College students learn to give back

D．The real life of young adults today

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There are many things that go into making a successful school, and success can be measured in many ways. Often, the teachers are praised for a school’s success and blamed for its failure. Yet, in order for a school to be effective, it must be a place where teaching and learning can easily take place, and that requires the hard work of more than just educators. Students must take learning into their own hands and feel as if what they are doing is as important as it actually is. This can only be done with the cooperation of every adult that is involved in the students’ life. Some of these individuals often go unnoticed, yet the role they play in the students’ lives is immeasurable.
Administrative assistants welcome students at the beginning of the day and answer a large number of questions. When an assistant remembers a student’s name or even something special about that student, it communicates to him that he is cared for. The assistant can also give that extra encouragement for a student to make better choices, especially when they are visiting the principal’s office.
Cafeteria workers have a short period of time to interact with students, but can make a big difference as well. Beyond meeting nutritional needs, cafeteria workers may also on occasion meet the emotional needs of the students they serve. Students benefit from positive interaction with adults, and cafeteria workers may give that extra bit of encouragement that a child needs.
Custodians (管理人员) are often underappreciated for all that they give to schools. They have to be knowledgeable about everything from cleaning to fixing the most intricate (复杂的) tools. They get to school early in the morning before teachers arrive and lock up late at night after the last student has left from the after-school event. They also make sure teachers are equipped with the necessary items and prepare the rooms so that they are ready for learning. A great custodian also gives that kind word or extra smile to that student who needs it most.
小题1:If an assistant remembers a student’s name, the student will feel that .

A．he is cared for

B．he is special

C．he has done something wrong

D．he has made progress in study

小题2:Which of the following is TRUE about cafeteria workers?

A．It’s enough for them to cook for the students.

B．It’s hard for them to interact with the students.

C．They can also meet the emotional needs of the students.

D．They have the most interaction with students at school.

小题3:We learn from the fourth paragraph that .

A．custodians play the least important role in a school

B．the work of custodians often goes unnoticed

C．custodians should be more serious with students

D．custodians’ work is always appreciated at school

小题4:How does the author feel about the staff mentioned in the text?

A．Disappointed.	B．Appreciative.
C．Dissatisfied.	D．Doubtful.

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Smart home applications can share all kinds of helpful information with homeowners. There appears a new housing platform which can detect the stress on electricity — and the stress on the heart.
“There is a growing population of elderly people, and there are statistics to show that more and more of them are going to live alone in the home,” said Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire in the U.K., who was leading the InterHome project.
The system was originally designed to provide remote access (远程访问) to a house so owners could be more energy-efficient. In a small type of the system, set-in controller devices connect securely to the Internet. The owner can then monitor them with a cell phone or computer. User feedback helps the system adapt to routines, saving on electricity.
While thinking about responding to user behavior and an increasingly elderly population, the researchers decided to add wristband (手腕带) technology that senses important organs of the body such as body temperature and pulse, Siau said. “If someone were to fall, it would detect the fall and it would immediately start the monitor of the pulse to see if the person has gone into shock (休克),” he said.
The wristband communicates with the home system wirelessly. Data from the band can be securely transmitted to the home network and accessed by authorized users. “We’re working on trying to reduce it to a level where it could potentially be a wrist-sized product,” Siau said.
But he warned that the technology presented new challenges. “When you start using that on a larger scale, you have issues of privacy or security,” he said. Siau said the InterHome home system isn’t intended to invade privacy. “We’re thinking about the elderly people who are living alone with no one looking after them,” he said. “Hopefully this will be able to decrease some concerns and possibly save a few lives.”
小题1:The system was first designed for a house owner to .

A．keep watch on his house

B．keep his house safe

C．monitor the elderly people inside

D．save electricity

小题2:The wristband technology is used in the system to .

A．sense important organs of a person

B．keep an old man from falling

C．get the medical information of a sick person

D．record a person’s daily activities

小题3:The researchers are now trying to make the wristband .

A．more sensitive

B．be connected with the Internet

C．available for common people

D．suitable to wear on the wrist

小题4:What challenges will the new technology bring according to Siau?

A．The wristband can be large and expensive.

B．The wristband will get false information of a person.

C．It will not be used in the proper way.

D．It will bring inconvenience to the old people.

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