I am a psychologist. I first met Timothy, a quiet, overweight eleven-year-old bo

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I am a psychologist. I first met Timothy, a quiet, overweight eleven-year-old boy, when his mother brought him to me to discuss his declining grades. A few minutes with Timothy were enough to confirm that his self-esteem(自尊) and general happiness were falling right along with them. I asked about Timothy’s typical day. He awoke every morning at six thirty so he could reach his school by eight and arrived home around four thirty each afternoon. He then had a quick snack, followed by either a piano lesson or a lesson with his math tutor. He finished dinner at 7 pm, and then he sat down to do homework for two to three hours. Quickly doing the math in my head, I found that Timothy spent an average of thirteen hours a day at a writing desk.
What if Timothy spent thirteen hours a day at a sewing machine instead of a desk? We would immediately be shocked, because that would be called children being horribly mistreated. Timothy was far from being mistreated, but the mountain of homework he faced daily resulted in a similar consequence —he was being robbed of his childhood. In fact, Timothy had no time to do anything he truly enjoyed, such as playing video games, watching movies, or playing board games with his friends.
Play, however, is a crucial part of healthy child development. It affects children’s creativity, their social skills, and even their brain development. The absence of play, physical exercise, and freefrom social interaction takes a serious toll on many children. It can also cause significant health problems like childhood obesity, sleep problems and depression.
Experts in the field recommend the minutes children spend on their homework should be no more than ten times the number of their grade level. As a fifthgrader, Timothy should have no more than fifty minutes a day of homework (instead of three times that amount). Having an extra two hours an evening to play, relax, or see a friend would soundly benefit any child’s life quality.
小题1:What does the underlined word “them” in the first paragraph probably refer to?

A．Timothy’s parents.	B．Timothy’s grades.
C．Psychologists.	D．The students.

小题2:What did the writer think of Timothy after learning about his typical day?

A．Timothy was very hardworking.

B．Timothy was being mistreated.

C．Timothy had a heavy burden.

D．Timothy was enjoying his childhood.

小题3:Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s opinion?

A．Children should be allowed enough time to play.

B．Playing board games works better than playing video games.

C．The more they play, the more creative children will become.

D．The depression caused by homework makes children unwilling to play.

小题4:According to the passage, how long should a thirdgrader spend a day doing homework?

A．About ten minutes.

B．No more than twenty minutes.

C．No more than thirty minutes.

D．About fifty minutes.

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:C

解析

试题分析：文章关注的是孩子沉重的作业负担，除了大量的作业，还有各种补习班。学习占用了孩子大量的时间，以至于玩耍的时间太少，这不利于孩子的身心发展。
小题1:根据“to discuss his declining grades. A few minutes with Timothy were enough to confirm that his self-esteem(自尊) and general happiness were falling right along with them.”可知，和Timothy聊了几分钟，作者就了解到了Timothy的自尊和开心随着成绩一起下降。故选B。
小题2:根据第一段“He awoke every morning at six thirty so he could reach his school by eight and arrived home around four thirty each afternoon. He then had a quick snack, followed by either a piano lesson or a lesson with his math tutor. He finished dinner at 7 pm, and then he sat down to do homework for two to three hours. Quickly doing the math in my head, I found that Timothy spent an average of thirteen hours a day at a writing desk.”可知，Timothy4:30放学后，吃点快餐，就去上钢琴课或数学课，从7:00开始做作业做三到四个小时。Timothy每天平均花13小时在学习上。学习负担重。故选C。
小题3:根据倒数第二段“Play, however, is a crucial part of healthy child development. It affects children’s creativity, their social skills, and even their brain development...”可知，玩耍在童年扮演者重要的角色，缺少玩耍的时间不利于儿童的身心发展。故选A。
小题4:根据最后一段“the minutes children spend on their homework should be no more than ten times the number of their grade level”可知，做作业的分钟数不应超过所在年级数的十倍，三年级的学生，做作业的时间在30分钟以内。故选C。

举一反三

International students studying in the UK
The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges. In the UK last year there were over 104,000 international students. Choosing which university or college to go to was like a life-changing decision. Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason.
How to apply for higher education
All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system, which is available 24 hours a day. You fill in the application form online and it does not need to be completed all at once. Please see the When to Apply page to check the dates by which we should receive your completed application.
Choosing a higher education course to study
Try to do a lot of research when deciding which courses to apply for. You will probably want to find out even more before you accept an offer of a place on a course. When you accept an offer of a place, make sure that all of your questions have been answered. Ask teachers if there is anything to prepare before the course starts. They may suggest that you look at certain books on the course reading list or that you improve your computer skills.
Other help and advice
Unistats is a website that can help you to research subjects and universities before deciding where to apply. You can compare subjects, compare universities and explore useful information about getting a job after graduation. Unistats has statistical (统计的) information on universities, colleges, subjects and teaching style.
Yougo is a student-only networking site where you can meet other applicants online and talk about what you hope to study and the university you hope to attend.
If you have any questions, please call us at 0044-330-333-0230.
小题1:One who wants to get into a university in the UK________.

A．must have a good reason to study abroad

B．can make an application on the Internet

C．should create more learning programs

D．will be asked to send a plan to a teacher

小题2:We can learn from the passage that it is a wise idea to ________.

A．learn basic computer skills in the UK when possible

B．get to know as many teachers as possible in the UK

C．do much research before choosing a college major

D．borrow certain books before going abroad to study.

小题3:Unistats is a website that works to help students ________.

A．select the best university and subject

B．meet other teenage students online

C．study further after finishing a course

D．compare colleges at home and abroad

小题4:What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To give information about higher education in the UK.

B．To describe the types of universities across the UK.

C．To introduce the UK education system to students.

D．To attract international students to study in the UK.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Sigmund Freud was one of the first scientists to make serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities based in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams to search for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠术). He wanted to see whether putting patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease troubled minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.
Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved sitting with his patients and listening to them talk. He had them talk about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to be expressed. There could be no holding back because of fear or guilt.
Freud believed that all the painful memories of childhood lay buried in the unconscious self. This part of the mind he said contains wishes, desires and experiences too frightening to recognize.
He thought that if these memories could somehow be brought into the conscious mind, the patient would again feel the pain. But this time, the person would experience them as an adult. The patient would feel them, be able to examine them and, if successful, finally understand them.
Using this way, Freud reasoned, the pain and emotional pressure of the past would be greatly weakened. They would lose their hold over the person"s physical health. Soon the patient would get better.
Many of Freud"s theories about how the mind works also had strong sexual connections. These included what he saw as the repressed feelings of sons toward their mothers and daughters toward their fathers.
If nothing else, Freud"s ideas were revolutionary. Some people rejected them. Many others came to accept them. But no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.
小题1:How many methods did Sigmund Freud use to study the mind?

A．One.

B．Two.

C．Three.

D．Four.

小题2:Sigmund Freud’s research was difficult because ______.

A．he had to work hard and have patients talk freely

B．he had to live with people who had troubled minds

C．he had to listen to unhappy stories of different people

D．he had to give his patients a sense of security

小题3:Sigmund Freud held the idea that the painful memories of childhood ______.

A．could be forgotten forever

B．could have a life-long influence

C．could become wises and desires

D．could be understood unconsciously

小题4:If an adult parent feels the memories of childhood painful, the patient would probably ______.

A．have physical and mental problems

B．be greatly influenced by them

C．have a better understanding of life

D．have a healthier and happier life

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Over 60﹪of pupils in South African schools choose English for learning and teaching, but only 7﹪of pupils speak English as their home language, a recent South Africa survey shows.
Out of the country’s 12.2 million pupils only 851,536 speak English at home, yet 7.6 million pupils choose English as their favorite language of learning and teaching. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language, spoken by over 3.1 million pupils. However, less than a third of them choose to be taught in Zulu. The same thing is true of Pedi-speaking pupils, only a third of such pupils choosing to be taught in their home language. Besides English,
Afrikaans is the only language that has more pupils choosing it as their language of instruction than it has pupils who speak it at home. In primary schools, most pupils will choose African languages. As early as grade four, many would choose English or Afrikaans in their lessons.
The rising number of English-learning pupils is mainly caused by social and cultural reasons. English is the most common spoken language in official and public life in South Africa, the survey reports. In April 2011, the leaders of higher education and training said that they would take some steps to improve the university teaching and prevent the continuing decline of African languages. They suggested that in future every South African university student could be required to learn at least one African language in order to complete their studies at school.
小题1: We can learn from the passage that most South African pupils__________.

A．speak English both at home and at school

B．are required to learn two languages at school

C．choose English as their primary school language

D．are expected to speak their native language at home.

小题2: It can be inferred from the passage that__________________.

A．Afrikaans is the most popular home language in South Africa

B．it’s easier for South African pupils to learn Afrikaans at school.

C．the number of South African pupils learning Afrikaans has increased

D．many South African pupils use Afrikaans at school instead of at home.

小题3: The underlined word “decline” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.

A．going downhill

B．spreading widely

C．growing upwards

D．developing further

小题4: What is the survey in the passage mainly about?

A．The use of native languages in South African families.

B．The language choice and use among South African pupils.

C．The progress in South Africa’s language teaching education

D．The spread of English at schools in South Africa.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.
Diet products weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie（卡）, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the counter instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food brands.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.
小题1:The first paragraph mainly tells us _____.

A．diet products can bring out people’s potential

B．people have difficulty in choosing diet products

C．diet products are misleading people

D．people are fed up with diet products

小题2:One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to ____.

A．resist a variety of diet foods

B．hesitate before they enjoy diet foods

C．pay attention to their own eating habits

D．watch their weight rather than their diet

小题3:The purpose of writing this passage is _________.

A．to warn people of the side effect of diet products

B．to tell people how to lose weight

C．to advise people to eat diet products

D．to introduce some diet products

小题4: Which of the following shows the structure（结构） of the passage?

CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Everyone likes living in a clean and comfortable environment. If the envionment(环境) are bad, it will affect（影响）our body, and make us not feel well. Sometimes we may be terribly ill. At that time we don’t want to work, and we have to stay in bed and rest at home. So the envrionment is very important to us.
It’s germs that makes us ill. There are germs everywhere, They are very small and you can’t find them with your own eyes, but you can see them with a microscope（显微镜）They are very small and there may be hundreds of them on a very small thing, Germs can always be found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. Germs can also be found in air and dust（灰尘）. If you cut your finger, some of the dust from the floor may go into it, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs will go into all of your boby, and you will have pain everywhere.
To keep us healthy, we should try to our best to make our environment become cleaner and tidier. This needs us to act together.
小题1:The writer tell us that________.

A．we like working when we are ill

B．germs can’t live in the water.

C．we can’t feel ill if the environment is bad.

D．we feel well when the environment is good.

小题2:Germs are________.

A．very small things that you can’t see with your eyes.

B．the things that don’t effect people.

C．the things that you can find with your eyes.

D．the things that are very big.

小题3:Where can germs be found? They can be found_________.

A．on the small thing	B．in air and dust
C．only in dirty water	D．everywhere

小题4:How will you feel if germs go into the finger that is cut?

A．I will feel nothing.	B．I won’t mind.
C．I will feel tense.	D．I will feel painful.

小题5: From the passage we know that________.

A．environment doesn’t affect our life

B．we don’t need to improve our environment

C．germs may make us ill

D．if the environment is better, germs will be more.

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