In nature, you may see many insects and animals of different colors. Have you ev
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Locusts （蝗虫）are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies（敌人）. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops （庄稼）. When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do.
Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can’t be seen easily by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies （蝴蝶）and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.
Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts（行为）? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find themselves in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.
小题1:According to the passage, most soil insects ______| A．do not have bright colors | | B．change their colors with the soil | | C．do not live in a dark and wet environment. | | D．eat colorful insects like butterflies and bees. |
小题2:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “survive” in the passage? 小题3:What is the main idea of this passage? | A．Some insects and animals have different skills. | | B．Some insects and animals are cleverer than we think. | | C．Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves. | | D．Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C |
解析
试题分析：自然界有许多昆虫和动物都有不同的颜色。本文以蝗虫、棕熊、老虎、北极熊、蝴蝶和土壤昆虫为例叙述了动物的保护色，并且介绍了墨鱼保护自己的方式。
小题1:细节理解题。根据 “Soil insects are mostly dark-colored”可知土壤昆虫大多数颜色不明亮。故选A。
小题2:词义猜测题。根据后半句 “they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.”他们白天隐藏起来晚上出现，可知这是为了不被发现而吃掉，也就是为了生存。故选D。
小题3:主旨大意题。根据本文主要叙述的是昆虫和动物的保护色，可知选C。
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举一反三
Criticism(批评) never changes a thing. Accept yourself exactly as you are. Everybody changes. When you criticize yourself, your changes are negative. When you approve of yourself, your changes are positive.
Don’t scare yourself
Stop scaring yourself with your thought that it’s terrible to live this way. Find a mental image that gives you pleasure, and immediately change your scary thought to a pleasant one. Imagine a positive future ahead of you.
Be gentle, kind and patient
Be patient with yourself as you learn new ways of thinking. If you make a mistake you will develop self-hatred, but don’t hate yourself for thinking. Gently change your thoughts. Praise and support yourself.
Criticism breaks your spirit, while praise builds it up. Praise yourself as much as you can. Tell yourself how well you are doing with everything. Find ways to support yourself. Reach out to friends and allow them to help you. It is best to ask for help when you need it.
Take care of your body
Learn about nutrition. What kind of fuel does your body need in order to have enough energy and vitality(活力)? Learn about exercise. What kinds of exercise do you enjoy? Insist on doing exercise every day.
Mirror work
Look into your eyes in the mirror often and express the growing sense of love you have for yourself. At least once a day you should say to yourself: "I love you." If you have confidence in yourself, you’ll never give in to difficulty.
Love yourself. Do it now, begin now, and do the best you can.
小题1:According to the author, you should _____.| A．praise yourself now and then | | B．change yourself | | C．criticize someone else | | D．criticize yourself |
小题2: The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably means ______.| A．to defend | B．to challenge | | C．to appreciate | D．to suspect |
小题3:You should face the mirror and say that you love yourself so that you can _____.| A．imagine a positive future ahead of you | | B．grow more confident of yourself | | C．find out the expressions on your face | | D．learn more about yourself |
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It’s 8:30, time for John to start work. So he turns on his radio. Then he eats breakfast. As he eats, he reads his e-mail and reviews his to-do list. Then he sits on the sofa and thinks about an article he needs to write ... Wait a minute! Radio? Breakfast? Sofa? What kind of workplace is this? Well, actually it is John’s house, and he is a telecommuter — he works at home, communicating with the workplace through the Internet.
Like John, millions of people — and their employers — are finding that telecommuting is a great way to work. Telecommuters can follow their own timetables. They work in the comfort of homes, where they can also look after young children or elderly parents. They save time and money by not traveling to work. Their employers save, too, because they need less office space and furniture. Studies show that telecommuters change jobs less often. This saves employers even more money. Telecommuting helps society, too, by reducing pollution and traffic problems.
Jobs that are suited to telecommuting include writing, design work, computer programming and accounting. If a job is related to working with information, a telecommuter can probably do it.
小题1:From the passage we can learn that John does his job .| A．by telephon | B．through the Internet | | C．in his office | D．away from home |
小题2:One of the advantages of telecommuting is that you can .| A．work for several employers | B．enjoy a lot of traveling | | C．get along well with other workers | D．work on your own schedule |
小题3:Telecommuters change jobs less often, so .| A．their employers can save money | | B．their employers will give them a higher pay | | C．they can get more work experience | | D．they will have a longer paid holiday |
小题4:The underlined phrase “suited to” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.| A．acceptable for | B．bad for | C．difficult for | D．fit for |
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Empathy(同情心) lets us feel another person’s pain and drives us to help. Do any other animals feel empathy? Scientists recently found that rats(老鼠) do, too.
Most people don’t like rats. In many people’s eyes, rats are only bad. But Jean Decety and his partners at the University of Chicago did an experiment. It showed that rats are kind, warm-hearted animals. They can feel each other’s pain.
Scientists placed pairs of rats in plastic cages(笼子) for two weeks. During this time they got to know each other. Then they put one of the rats from each pair into a small container(容器) in the cages. The small container had a door. It was so designed as to fall to the side when the free rat touched it. Many of the trapped(困住的) rats squeaked(吱吱叫) to show their discomfort. The other rats of the pairs could see their suffering(受苦的) friends clearly.
In most pairs, the free rats would become very worried about their friends. They kept trying to save their friends again and again throughout the month. Scientists put the rats’ favorite chocolate in the cages, but the rats didn’t eat it until they had saved their friends successfully. Scientists also found that female rats seemed to act more empathetic than male rats.
“The results are the first to show that rats take action in response to another’s trouble,” Decety said. “Monkeys and chimpanzees have similar behavior. But unlike those animals, rats can be ready used in laboratory studies. They will help us to learn which parts of the brain lead to empathy and helping behavior and whether empathy is natural.”
小题1:A person with empathy is often _____.| A．kind-hearted | B．clever | C．active | D．strong |
小题2:Why didn’t the free rats eat the chocolate at first?| A．Because they were not hungry at that time. | | B．Because chocolate was not their favorite food. | | C．Because they wanted to save the trapped rats first. | | D．Because they were afraid that the chocolate was bad. |
小题3:Which of the following animals were NOT mentioned in the passage?| A．Monkeys. | B．Chimpanzees. | C．Rats. | D．Cats. |
小题4:What does the passage mainly tell us?| A．Rats can feel other animals’ pain. | | B．Chocolate is rats’ favorite food. | | C．Rats are empathetic and can feel each other’s pain. | | D．Female rats are more empathetic than male rats. |
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It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t. It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs. But this isn’t accepted by all people.
Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education. In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school. People can get education for a living in a short time. Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone. Even language and mathematics need not be taught in detail(详细地), either. Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.
Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of them take an interest in the world.
I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.
小题1:People with little education usually ____.| A．spend a long time in school | | B．have a good chance to get a job | | C．spend the best years to choose jobs | | D．have fewer chances to get a good job |
小题2:The earliest education was probably to ______.| A．make a man lead a better life | | B．teach a man to write and think | | C．make people get a way of living | | D．teach people to read good books |
小题3:It is expected that educated people will be able to _____.| A．accept education as a way of living | | B．take an interest in the whole world | | C．develop their abilities to make plays | | D．learn subjects like language and math |
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Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino （厄尔尼诺）. The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.
One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe（津巴布韦）, Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993. That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.
The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication（出版物）Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving.
小题1:El Nino is known as ___.| A．the changing of the weather in southern Africa | | B．the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean | | C．the weather which brings drought（旱灾）to Africa | | D．the weather phenomenon（现象）that brings heavy rains to Africa |
小题2:Scientists study El Nino in order that ___.| A．they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought | | B．they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain | | C．they can do some research work in this field. | | D．they can put all this information into their computers. |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．Scientists come to understand how El Nino appears. | | B．Three scientists from the USA work on this subject. | | C．Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger. | | D．El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe’s poor crops. |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?| A．The computer is used in this research work. | | B．Scientists know when an El Nino appears by means of the computer program. | | C．The scientists published their results of the research work. | | D．Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists. |
小题5:What’s the best title for this passage?| A．Appearance of El Nino is Predictable（可预测的） | | B．Drought in Zimbabwe | | C．Early Warning System | | D．Weather in Africa |
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