The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have exper

The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have exper

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The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives – almost entirely for the better. But there’s a byproduct to that growth, one that’s evident – or sometimes less than evident – in the smoggy, smelly skies above cities like Beijing, New Delhi and Jakarta. Thanks to new cars and power plants, air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world, and it’s taking a major toll (伤亡人数,代价) on global health.
How big? According to a new analysis published in the Lancet, more than 3.2 million people suffered deaths from air pollution in 2010, the largest number on record. That’s up from 800,000 in 2000. And it’s a regional problem: 65% of those deaths occurred in Asia, where the air is choked by diesel soot (内燃发动机烟雾) from cars and trucks, as well as the song from power plants and the dust from endless urban construction. In East Asia and China, 1.2 million people died, as well as another 712,000 in South Asia, including India. For the first time ever, air pollution is on the world’s top – 10 list of killers, and it’s moving up the ranks faster than any other factor.
So how can air pollution be so damaging? It is the very finest soot – so small that it roots deep within the lungs and then enters the bloodstream – that contributes to most of the public – health toll of air pollution including death. Diesel soot, which can also cause cancer, is a major problem because it is concentrated in cities along transportation zones affecting overpopulated areas. It is thought to contribute to half the deaths from air pollution in urban centers. Fro example, 1 in 6 people in the U.S. live near a diesel – pollution hot spot like a rail yard, port terminal or freeway.
We also know that air pollution may be linked to other non – deadly diseases. Fortunately in the U.S. and other developed nations, urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago, thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters (催化式排气净化器) that reduce automobile emissions. Govemments are also pushing to make air cleaner – see the White House’s move last week to further tighten soot standards. It’s not perfect, but we’ve had much more success dealing with air pollution than climate change.
Will developing nations like India eventually catch up? Hopefully – though the problem may get worse before it gets better. The good news is that it doesn’t take a major technological advance to improve urban air. Switching from diesel fuel to unleaded (无铅燃油) helps, as do newer and cleaner cars which are less likely to send out pollutants. Power plants – even ones that burn mineral fuels like coal – can be fitted with pollution – control equipment that, at a price, will greatly reduce smog and other pollutants.
But the best solutions may involve urban design. In the Guardian, John Vidal notes that Delhi now has 200 cars per 1,000 people, far more than much richer Asian cities like Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing cities will almost certainly see an increase in car ownership as residents become wealthier – and that doesn’t have to mean deadly air pollution. Higher incomes should also lead to tougher environmental regulations, which is exactly what happened in the West. We can only hope it happens before the death toll from bad air gets even higher.
小题1:What tends to give rise to the highest death toll according to the passage?
A.The lack of tight environmental protection standards.
B.The increasing numbers of the diesel cars and trucks.
C.The frighteningly high death rate from deadly cancer.
D.The world’s serious air pollution such as soot and dust.
小题2:The “byproduct” (Paragraph 1) most probably refers to     .
A.consequenceB.solutionC.reformD.design
小题3:The basic reason why so many people die from air pollution is that       .
A.the diesel soot is too small to be seen
B.the diesel soot is much too poisonous to breathe
C.the diesel soot roots in lungs and gets into blood
D.the diesel soot can also contribute to deadly cancer
小题4:According to the passage, the writer actually wants to convince the readers that        .
A.the global economic growth is mainly to blame for air pollution and climate change
B.the developing countries are repeating the same mistakes as the developed ones made
C.the ecological situation and air pollution in India are becoming worse and worse
D.the unbeatable air is increasingly becoming a major killer throughout the world
小题5:By describing urban design as “the best solution” in the last paragraph, the writer means that        .
A.the making of tougher environmental regulations alone is of little use
B.more sever regulations should be made to handle air pollution
C.the urban construction in western developed countries is the best choice
D.the pace of development has to be slowed down to reduce air pollution

答案

小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B
解析

试题分析:亚洲和日益增长的非洲经济使人们的生活更好了,但是经济发展导致了严重的空气污染,最终导致越来越多的人死于和空气污染有关的疾病。究其原因是极细小的颗粒进入人的肺里和血液中,最终导致致命的疾病。人民的生活水平提高了,车也多了,但是相应的更严厉的治理空气污染的法规政策也应该跟上,这样才不会使由于空气污染导致的死亡率更高。
小题1:细节理解题。根据第一段的Thanks to new cars and power plants, air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world, and it’s taking a major toll on global health.(由于新车和发电厂,空气污染变得更糟了在世界许多的地方,正占据全球健康伤亡人数的主要原因。)和第二段的For the first time ever, air pollution is on the world’s top – 10 list of killers, and it’s moving up the ranks faster than any other factor.(历史上第一次,空气污染高居世界最高峰—10大***手名单,比其他因素攀升的都快。)判断,选D。
小题2:词意猜测题。byproduct意为副产品,根据本句句意:但是经济的增长带来了一个“副产品”,一个明显或者有时不太明显的副产品,在像北京、新德里和雅加达这样的城市上空弥漫着雾蒙蒙、难闻的气味。)所以在这里byproduct就是经济的后果,发展经济以牺牲环境为代价。故选A。
小题3:细节理解题。第三段第一、二句的意思是:那么空气污染怎么会如此伤人?是那些非常细小的烟雾—如此细小以至于它深深植根于在肺里然后进入到血液里—导致大多数公众由于空气污染患上的健康问题包括死亡。由此判断空气污染导致死亡的基本原因是C。
小题4:主题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是经济的发展带来的空气污染进而致人死亡的问题。其他为次要问题。故选D。
小题5:推理判断题。最后一段的意思是:但是解决空气污染的最好的办法可能还涉及到城市规划设计。发展中城市的人有车的多了因为有钱了,但是不能意味着更致命的空气污染。更高的收入意味着更有利的环保措施,正如西方国家一样。所以富了更应该有更严厉的规章制度来应对空气污染。故选B。
举一反三
China is now sending more college students to study in the United States than any other country.  A new report shows a 23 percent increase in the number of Chinese students coming to the U.S.
The latest edition of the annual Institute of International Education(IIE)and another US institute found a 5 percent rise in the number of international university students in the US compared to one year ago. There are now over 157, 000 Chinese students at U.S. colleges and universities.
Aisa accounted for four of the top five countries and regions to take advantage of the US higher education system. “Increased numbers of students from China, particularly at the undergraduate level, largely accounts for the growth this past year,” the report stated. “They really enroll in a full range of US higher education,” said Peggy Blumenthal, senior counselor to the president of IIE, the group that made the report. “20 years ago, students from China only knew of a handful of US insitiutions, but now, they are enrolling in our community colleges, in our small liberal arts institutions, in the research universities. Really spread across the country,” she said.
Chinese mainland was in the number one spot, while India was the number two country of origin. South Korea was third and Canada was number four. China’s Taiwan held the number five spot. Saudi Arabia was in sixth with a 44-percent increase, while Japan was seventh, down 14 percent.
Blumenthal attributes the increase in the number of Chinese students heading to US colleges to limited university places in China, as well as a feeling from students and their parents than they want a “unique” educational experience. China’s family planning policy, says Blumenthal, has also meant that families can concentrated resources on a single child.
The University of California at Los Angeles has one of the largest Asian student populations of any college in the United States.
小题1:Which ranked the third place sharing US higher education?
A.Saudi ArabiaB.South KoreaC.CanadaD.India
小题2:Why is the number of Chinese students going to the US increasing?
A.The US colleges are better than those in China.
B.Each family in China has only one child.
C.China lacks enough educational resources.
D.Chinese students can enter varieties of US colleges.
小题3:Which of the following is right according to Peggy Blumenthal?
A.The number of Chinese students going to the US has increased by 23%.
B.The University of California has contributed to Asian education greatly.
C.Chinese student populations in the US mainly consist of undergraduates.
D.Chinese students know more about US higher education than before.
小题4:The best title for the passage can be           .
A.Chinese College Students Rush to US Schools
B.The Large Number of Chinese Students in the US
C.Chinese Students Make Up Largely Foreign Students in the US
D.Asian Middle School Students in the US Universities

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A portable lung which could help those with breathing problems lead a normal life is being developed by scientists.
The Swansea University scientists say it could take many years before the device(装置) , the size of a spectacle box (眼镜盒) , is available . Lung patients , who have seen how it would work , have welcomed the research.
Its research suggests that one person in every seven in the UK is affected by lung disease---- this equates to approximately 8 million people. As of 6 March 2009, 217 people were on the waiting list for a lung transplant(移植) according to figures by NHS Blood and Transplant .
Now scientists in Swansea are developing a portable artificial lung which could transform (改观) the lives of patients . Researchers claim that in the long term the device could offer an alternative to lung transplant , giving hope to those who suffer from conditions such as emphysema(肺气肿) and cystic fibrosis.
The device mimics the function of a lung---by getting oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood stream . Professor Bill Johns came up with the idea after his son died of Cystic Fibrosis . It is important that we make something that will help people , who instead of being confined (局限) to a wheelchair with an oxygen bottle , can actually walk around and do things for themselves , he said.
Although the research has been welcomed by leading charities(慈善) , caution has also been voiced over the length of time it will take before a portable lung will become available .
“We have to stress that this is several years away from being used , even in a trial stage,” said Chris Mulholland , head of the British Lung Foundation.
Patient Elizabeth Spence from Swansea has been refused the double lung transplant she needs but remains hopeful that one day the new device could save her . “ My body will reject the lungs , so this possibly could be an answer--- another way of getting new lungs without actually having the transplant,” she said.
小题1:Which of the following about the portable lung would the author agree?
A.It can help a lot in lung transplants
B.It was once on display
C.It works differently from the normal one in the body
D.It’s just like an oxygen bottle.
小题2:It seems as if _______ really matters before the portable lung is put into use.
A.supportB.moneyC.timeD.trial
小题3:What’s the author’s attitude towards the portable lung ?
A.Negative.B.Doubtful.C.Curious.D.Objective.
小题4:Which edition can you probably find the passage ?
A.Science.B.Culture.C.Economy.D.Education.

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How to Study Smarter, Not Harder
Here are some of our favorite study tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder:
Recite As You Study
Reciting—saying things out loud should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section. Test yourself. This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening. It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.
Take Fuller Notes
Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear. They should be tidy and easy to read. Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.
Study the Middle
The best time to review is soon after you’ve learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review.
Sleep On It
Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It’s easier to remember material you’ve just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you’ve fallen asleep.
Combine Memory and Understanding
There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding. Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote. Ideas are best learned by understanding.
The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have; the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it. Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts, and then try to understand how they fit in with things you already know. Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading. If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again.
小题1: You can notice your mistakes by _______.
A.saying things out aloudB.taking notes
C.studying the middleD.sleeping on it
小题2:When taking notes, you should _______ to better help you with reading.
A.underline important notes
B.write notes in your own words
C.take down every detail
D.write as quickly as possible
小题3:The writer advises you to _______ as it is easier for you to remember material.
A.study after a period of activity
B.do some exercise after studying
C.study as soon as you get up
D.study before going to sleep
小题4:Which of the following is NOT helpful for your understanding?
A.Thinking about an idea in different ways.
B.Relating ideas and concepts with what you already know.
C.Reading from the beginning to the end without stop.
D.Going back to what first made you confused and start again.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
What’s the difference between the British Isles, Britain, the United Kingdom and England?
The British Isles is made up of two large islands: One is called Ireland and the other Britain. Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger of these two islands and it is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England.
The United Kingdom (UK) is short for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is made up of Scotland, Wales, and England (i.e. the whole of Britain), and also about one-sixth of Ireland, the Northern part. The rest of Ireland is self-governing(自治的).
England is the largest, most populous (人口众多的), and generally speaking, the richest section. English people often use the words “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh angry. The Scots are very proud of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not consider themselves as England, and have a culture and even a language of their own. Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but is soon grew discontented (不满的), and for forty years the “Irish Question” was the greatest headache of British Parliament(国会). At last, Ireland divided itself into two: Northern Ireland remained loyal(忠诚于) to the Crown(英国王室), and in 1922 the rest of the country broke away to form Irish Free State, now the Republic of Ireland.
小题1:Which is the largest in area?
A.The British IlesB.Great Britain
C.EnglandD.The United Kingdom
小题2: Which is the largest island of the British Isles?.
A.IrelandB.Britain
C.EnglandD.Northern Ireland
小题3:The United Kingdom is mainly made up of          .
A.3 parts: Scotland, Wales, and England
B.4 parts: Scotland, Wales, England and Ireland
C.2 parts: the whole of Britain and Ireland
D.2 parts: the whole of Britain and Northern Ireland
小题4: Strictly speaking(严格地说), which is wrong?
A.“English” refers(指) to people of England.
B.“The Scots” refers to people of Scotland.
C.“England” refers to all the people to the UK.
D.Only one-sixth of Ireland belongs to the UK.
小题5:Who will be happy if we use “England” when we mean Britain?
A.The BritishB.People of England
C.People of the Republic of IrelandD.The welsh

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I remember as a small child when we would have these gatherings where someone would come up and ask, “What are you going to be when you grow up?”
Well, it    41   being a cowboy or some super hero. Later it was a fireman, policeman, lawyer ... As I grew older my dreams of the future   42  . When, at last, I was in college, I made up my   43    to become a preacher(牧师) as my father.    44    I studied and prepared for that life. I reached    45  in the end and I was preaching nearly fulltime for much of my adult life.
However, for many, there is a “thief” which goes around stealing our   46   . Sometimes, the thief will come as a parent, a relative, or a friend, but the    47   thief is, so many times, just    48  .
We find ourselves just about reaching the top, and this “small”    49    inside says, “You will never make   50   .” “You can’t possibly do this.” And on and on the “small” voice 51       some kind of failure. Failure, though, is exactly how dreams are    52   . It is one of the most important tools we have, because it teaches us invaluable   53   . And, when we learn these lessons well, we are ready    54   success.
The message I always gave my children was that you   55   do anything your heart desires. Remember the saying, “Nothing is    56  to a willing heart.” There are   57   “overnight” successes, but with determination, it will come. Imagine yourself in the life you dream of   58   . Then in your heart, believe it   59  happen for you. Then work, work, work. You get the picture.
So, be true to your dream, and don’t let anyone   60   it from you—especially yourself.
小题1:
A.insisted onB.felt likeC.kept onD.started out
小题2:
A.changedB.meantC.plannedD.left
小题3:
A.goalB.mind C.interestD.experience
小题4:
A.ButB.SoC.OrD.Yes
小题5:
A.agreementB.conclusionC.successD.position
小题6:
A.moneyB.childrenC.friendsD.dreams
小题7:
A.greatestB.tallestC.poorestD.oldest
小题8:
A.themselvesB.yourselvesC.ourselvesD.itself
小题9:
A.soundB.voiceC.noiseD.speech
小题10:
A.itB.himC.herD.me
小题11:
A.expectsB.predictsC.answersD.suffers
小题12:
A.metB.defendedC.understoodD.realized
小题13:
A.stagesB.suggestionsC.lessonsD.choices
小题14:
A.toB.forC.atD.with
小题15:
A.are able toB.used toC.have toD.ought to
小题16:
A.interestingB.importantC.necessaryD.impossible
小题17:
A.manyB.a fewC.someD.no
小题18:
A.spendingB.livingC.planningD.changing
小题19:
A.willB.mightC.couldD.does
小题20:
A.buyB.foolC.stealD.borrow

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