Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tir
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Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
小题1: What surprised the scientists a few years ago?| A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood. | | B．Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work. | | C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue. | | D．A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins. |
小题2:According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?| A．Challenging mental work. | B．Unpleasant emotions. | | C．Endless tasks. | D．Physical labor. |
小题3:What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?| A．He agrees with them. | B．He doubts them. | | C．He argues against them. | D．He hesitates to accept them. |
小题4: We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ___________.| A．have some good food. | B．enjoy their work | | C．exercise regularly | D．discover fatigue toxins |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，科学家们发现脑力劳动不能使人劳累，使人劳累的是人的精神和情感状态，即厌烦、生气、焦急、紧张、忧虑以及不被欣赏等。因而在体内产生紧张感，因而觉得身体累了。
小题1:细节理解题。根据Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire.脑力劳动时间长了不会让人感觉到累，故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. 厌烦、生气、焦虑、紧张还有不高兴的情感，这四个选项里只有B才提到，故选B。
小题3:态度判断题。根据Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body 我们感觉到累是因为我们身体里产生了紧张，这里看出作者是赞同这个观点的，故选A。
小题4:推理判断题。根据Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.只要人们不觉得心情紧张，享受生活那么就能保持精力旺盛，不觉得累，故选B。
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举一反三
In tradition (传统的) education, the teacher may feel that the students are not very grown up. Usually, teachers are older than students, and teachers feel that students are young and do not know much about the world. The teachers feel that they must tell the students what to do most of the time, and that they must also make the students study specific (特殊的) things. In open education, the teacher’s methods are very different. These teachers feel that the students are human beings (人) first, and students second. They expect the students to be responsible for the things that they do, just as adults are. A student’s ideas and feelings are just as important as the teacher’s. The teacher allows the students to decide what they want to do, and does not make them study what they do not want to. The teacher lets them decide what to study and how much to study. It’s very important for the teacher to show how he or she feels about students.
小题1:Which is the topic for the passage?| A．Traditional Education | | B．Open Education | | C．The Students Are Human Beings First | | D．Two Kinds of Different Education |
小题2:What’s the theory of open education?| A．The students are human beings first, and students second. | | B．The students should be responsible for what they do. | | C．The students’ ideas and feelings are very important. | | D．The teachers should allow the students to do what they want to do. |
小题3:In traditional education, the teachers consider that __________.| A．they should praise the students all the time | | B．they should tell the students what to do all the time | | C．the students should know much about the world | | D．the students should learn much about the world from their teachers |
小题4:We can infer (推断) that ____________.| A．students needn’t study as hard as they did before | | B．students can learn more about the world in open education | | C．most of the teachers don’t agree with the idea of open education | | D．most of the students prefer traditional education to open education |
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Legends about the development of coffee are varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political tricks, and the pursuit of wealth and power.
According to one story, a sheepherder named Kaldi, as he tended his sheep, noticed the effect of coffee beans. He noticed that the sheep became excited after eating the red “cherries" from a certain plant when they changed pastures (牧场). He tried it himself, and was soon as overactive as his sheep. Another story relates that a monk happened to discover that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help him stay awake.
Another legend gives us the name for coffee, “mocha”. Omar, an Arabian was thrown to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Not only did the soup save the group, but the residents of the nearest town, Mocha, took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage (饮料) were named Mocha to honor this event.
Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia, whose inhabitants believed it to be a tasty thing and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. The government forbade transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled (走私) beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there. Early in this century, some of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region.
Coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export.
小题1:What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?| A．A sheepherder used coffee beans to keep sheep excited. | | B．Coffee was a special kind of red cherry from a certain plant. | | C．A sheepherder and a monk accidently discovered coffee’s effect. | | D．Sheep ate a lot of coffee beans while they changed pastures. |
小题2:Which of the following involves political tricks?| A．Kaldi’s story. | B．The monk’s story. | | C．Omar’s story. | D．Baba Budan’s story. |
小题3:Mocha is originally the name of ______.| A．a town | B．an Arabian | C．a kind of coffee | D．a sheepherder |
小题4:What can be the best title for the text?| A．The Secret of Coffee | B．The Tales of Coffee | | C．People’s Love for Coffee | D．The Function of Coffee |
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Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed.
There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources. It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to eliminate them.
Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution. The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solid, liquid and gas.
These pollutions have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so. In fact, pollution is threatening our existence. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man’s existence.
We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution, the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and so on.
The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generation. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. Laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
小题1: How many examples of environmental problems are given in the first paragraph?小题2: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．In all there are three kinds of pollution | | B．If people continue to pollute our planet, there will be no trees. | | C．Industrial pollution has been completely controlled. | | D．Laws have been passed to stop pollution and protect our environment. |
小题3: The sentence “We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthy environment” can best be put at the end of paragraph _____.小题4: The writer’s attitude towards the future of the earth is _____.| A．despair | B．negative | C．optimistic | D．hopeless |
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Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being一and it’s no surprise to health care professionals.
“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s well-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well,” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. “We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing, so a rested, relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better,” said Withers.
Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. “The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great,” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management. “Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation, even if it is a 24- hour time-out.” The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.
The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days一but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but that’s not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.
Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future. “Without time and opportunity to do this, the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker, making it actually more difficult to shift into less-stressed states,” Mulhem said.
小题1:How did the author introduce the topic of the text?| A．By making comparisons. | B．By giving an example. | | C．By raising questions. | D．By providing data. |
小题2:Expedia’s survey shows that Americans _____.| A．dislike family gatherings | | B．have the shortest vacation | | C．enjoy as many vacations as the French | | D．think much of spending long hours on the job |
小题3:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?| A．One should never wait to relax. | | B．Work and rest go against each other. | | C．Time and opportunity wait for no man. | | D．A relaxed mind determines everything. |
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A farmer can map his fields on GPS, spotting where soil turned out to be least fertile（肥沃的） and using more fertilizer the next year in those areas where corn didn’t grow as well.
Although Ohio farmers produced more corn, it was grown on less land than in the past years. Total area used for corn in Ohio was 3.35 million acres, about the same as in 2008 but down from 3.85 million acres in 2007, said Dwayne Siekman, director of the Ohio Corn Growers Association. “When you look at the total number of acres in Ohio used for corn, it’s clear that farmers are able to do more with less,” he said. “American farmers can grow five times more corn on 20 percent less land than they did in the 1930s, saying that modern farming techniques are necessary for a growing demand in the world today.” That technology includes using improved seeds that can withstand(忍受) greater temperature extremes and pests, Siekman said.
Farmers aren"t the only ones who benefit. Consumers(消费者) do, too, as food costs reduce in the face of “enough supplies of corn,” said Fred Yoder, who runs a 1,500-acre corn, soybean and wheat farm in Plain City. “This is the best, highest-producing corn crop that I"ve raised in 30 years,” he said.
小题1:Most people usually use the GPS system for ______.| A．driving their cars | | B．telling the position | | C．mending the car | | D．supplying the sunshine |
小题2:The farmers in Ohio use GPS to ______.| A．check if the soil is fertile in some areas | | B．control the rain of the place | | C．water the crops if the weather is dry | | D．draw the map of all the crops |
小题3:Why did Ohio farmers produce more corn?| A．Because they expanded more land to grow corn | | B．Because they turned to technological advances | | C．Because they used more and more fertilizer. | | D．Because they supplies themselves with more money. |
小题4: From the passage, we can know _____.[| A．John Davis hadn’t expected a good harvest. | | B．farmers grew less land than in the 1930s | | C．improved seeds cost much more money | | D．the output of corn in the same field is increased. |
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