Family Vs TechnologyModern technology certainly changes family behavior, but doe
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Family Vs Technology
Modern technology certainly changes family behavior, but does it really damage family life as many people fear? Not necessarily, says Dr. Silva, a professor in Sociology(社会学) at the Open University, she also argues it is wrong to assume technology erodes(腐蚀，侵蚀) the quality of family life.
“There is the idea that technology has an influence on the family and the family suffers. My take is quite different,” she explains. “Technological change happens because people’s lives change. And it is people’s choices of how to live that creates processes of innovation(革新) as well. The family has a role like the economy or like technology itself in changing the world. The imagination is important in driving the things technologists want to find for our daily lives. People desire to see nature as it is, so color television comes about,” she says.
In another case, the increase in working mothers helped create a market for labor-saving kitchen equipment. “The time that women have to shop every day for food is no longer available so there is a need to have a refrigerator for food storage,” says Dr. Silva. “The need to cook that food more easily and quickly, means you have developments in cooking technology like the microwave oven(微波炉). The microwave oven already existed because it was developed for the navy during World War Two but it wasn’t used in ordinary families until the early 1980s.
“Technologies for housework were as important as those for work itself,” she says, “So washing machines, refrigerators and microwave ovens are terribly important. We couldn’t imagine what life would be like if we didn’t have them.” Technological changes in the kitchen have played an important role in the changes of family behavior, creating a new social focus in the home.
“With advanced technology, you can feed the family in an easier manner. People can do housework with less difficulty. But that doesn’t mean that family practices are not important — it’s just a different way of doing things.”
小题1:What is Dr. Silva’s attitude towards the effect that technology has on family life? | A．Worried. | B．Optimistic(乐观的). | | C．Puzzled. | D．Uncertain. |
小题2:What causes advances in technology according to Dr. Silva? | A．People’s love for nature. | | B．Great changes in people’s way of life. | | C．People’s desire to change the world. | | D．The wonderful imagination in inventing things. |
小题3:What can we learn from the passage? | A．The microwave oven was first used by working mothers. | | B．People cook less because of modern kitchen equipment. | | C．Technology has little effect on the changes of family behavior. | | D．People need less skill to do housework due to advanced technology. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:D |
解析
试题分析：本文介绍科技对家庭的影响，科技改变了人们的如此生活，使人们做家务更容易。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：Not necessarily, says Dr. Silva, a professor in Sociology(社会学) at the Open University, she also argues it is wrong to assume technology erodes(腐蚀，侵蚀) the quality of family life. 可知Dr. Silva,对科技对家庭的影响是乐观的。选B
小题2:细节题：从第二段的句子：“Technological change happens because people’s lives change.可知科技进步是因为人们的生活改变了。选 B
小题3:细节题：从最后一段的句子：“With advanced technology, you can feed the family in an easier manner. People can do housework with less difficulty.可知由于先进的技术人们需要做的家务更少。选D
点评：本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 |
举一反三
It was a cold evening and my daughter and I were walking up Broadway．I didn’t notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box．But Nora did．She wasn’t even four, but she 36 at my coat and said, “That man’s cold, Daddy, 37 we take him home?”
I don’t remember my reply．But I do remember a sudden 38 feeling inside me．I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her 39 , whether it was 40 in flight or children playing．But now she was noticing 41 and beggary．
A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who picked up a food package from a nearby school on a Sunday morning and 42 it to an elderly person．It was quick and easy．I 43 us up．Nora was 44 about it．She could understand the importance of food, so she could easily see how 45 our job was．When Sunday came, she was ready, but I had to 46 myself to leave the house to fetch the food package．On the way to the school, I fought an urge to turn 47 ．The Sunday paper and coffee were waiting for me at home．Why do this? 48 , we phoned the elderly person we’d been appointed．She 49 us right over．
The building was in a bad state．Facing us was a silver-haired woman in an old dress．She took the package and asked us to come in．Nora ran inside．I unwillingly followed． 50 inside, I saw that the apartment belonged to someone poor．Our hostess showed us some photos．Nora played and when it came time to say good-bye, we three hugged, I walked home in tears．
Professionals call such a（n） 51 a “volunteer opportunity”．They are opportunities, and I’ve come to see．Where else but as volunteers do you have the opportunity to do something 52 that’s good for others as well as for yourself? Nora and I regularly serve meals to needy people and 53 clothes for the homeless．Yet, as I’ve 54 her grow over these past four years, I still wonder ------ which of us has 55 more?
| 小题1: | | A．pulled | B．glanced | C．pointed | D．aimed |
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| 小题3: | | A．general | B．heavy | C．funny | D．simple |
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| 小题4: | | A．area | B．part | C．eyesight | D．world |
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| 小题5: | | A．insects | B．animals | C．plants | D．birds |
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| 小题6: | | A．coldness | B．suffering | C．illness | D．ignorance |
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| 小题7: | | A．delivered | B．returned | C．devoted | D．posted |
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| 小题8: | | A．held | B．hurried | C．lined | D．signed |
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| 小题9: | | A．casual | B．sorry | C．astonished | D．excited |
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| 小题10: | | A．valuable | B．creative | C．shocking | D．simple |
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| 小题11: | | A．push | B．stop | C．allow | D．warn |
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| 小题13: | | A．Therefore | B．Obviously | C．Still | D．Also |
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| 小题14: | | A．called | B．promised | C．invited | D．helped |
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| 小题15: | | A．Although | B．Though | C．Because | D．Once |
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| 小题16: | | A．visit | B．stay | C．adventure | D．challenge |
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| 小题17: | | A．fair | B．famous | C．difficult | D．enjoyable |
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| 小题18: | | A．wear | B．make | C．order | D．collect |
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| 小题19: | | A．let | B．watched | C．made | D．noticed |
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| 小题20: | | A．increased | B．tried | C．benefited | D．seized |
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Laws that would have ensured pupils from five to 16 received a full financial education got lost in the ‘wash up’. An application is calling on the next government to bring it back.
At school the children are taught to add up and subtract(减法) but, extraordinarily, are not routinely shown how to open a bank account — let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world.
Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces to launch an online application to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. Children from five to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions, they say. And that was exactly the plan preserved in the Children, Schools and Families bill that was shelved by the government in the so-called “wash-up” earlier this month — the rush to legislation before parliament was dismissed. Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most frustrating omissions of the curriculum.
As the Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. Over 75% of seven- to 11-year-olds are savers but by the time they get to 17, over half of them are in debt to family and friends. By this age, 26% see a credit card or overdraft(透支) as a way of extending their spending power. Pfeg predicts that these young people will “find it much harder to avoid the serious unexpected dangers that have befallen many of their parents" generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school.”
The UK has been in the worst financial recession(衰退)for generations. It does seem odd that — unless parents step in — young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university. In a recent poll of over 8,000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while 3% said it was a job for parents.
小题1:The passage is mainly about _____________.| A．how to manage school lessons | B． teaching young people about money | | C．how to deal with the financial crisis | D．teaching students how to study effectively |
小题2:It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that __________.| A．laws on financial education have been effectively carried out | | B．pupils should not be taught to add up and subtract | | C．students have been taught to manage their finances | | D．the author complains about the school education |
小题3:The website and the consumer campaigner joined to _________.| A．instruct the pupils to donate their pocket money | | B．promote the connection of schools and families | | C．ask the government to dismiss the parliament | | D．appeal for the curriculum of financial education |
小题4:A poll is mentioned to ___________.| A．show the seriousness of the financial recession | | B．stress the necessity of the curriculum reform | | C．make the readers aware of burden of the parents | | D．illustrate some people are strongly against the proposal |
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The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings. To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. Inference is one of the commonest ways of knowing things: a child holds his knee and cries; this action implies his feeling; an observer infers that the child is hurt. To infer accurately in everyday life requires caution in observing; to infer skillfully in fiction requires caution in reading; both require disciplined imagination.
The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. For example, all stories involve a person or persons, in a particular setting, faced with a demand for a response. The response called for may be a physical action, such as defeating an adversary(对手) or escaping from a danger; or it may be a mental action, such as adjusting to others or within oneself. In either case, the short story is a description in two ways: first, it shows the motives for a given human action; second, it makes a point about the general human situation. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story.
When the reader of a story understands all the facts and their interrelationships, he is ready to infer the significance of the story as a whole---its comment on the human situation. This comment, or theme, is the seed from which the story grew. It is also the idea by which all the separate elements of the story are governed, while these in turn further shape and modify the theme. In addition to action, character, and setting, these elements include structure, mood, tone, and point of view.
Fiction reading requires an awareness of all the ways in which a story communicates. It also requires attention to detail. What the author provides is a network of points which serve as clues to his meaning. He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.
小题1:According to the author, "infer" means ________ . | A．knowingfactsbeyondthestatement | | B．lookingformoreevidencesforthestatement | | C．findingoutadifferentmeaningfromthestatement | | D．addingsomefactstothestatement |
小题2:What is inferring in fiction based on?| A．Readers’guessing. | B．Thebasicelementsofthestory. | | C．Thesettingofthestory. | D．Theinterrelationshipsbetweenpeopleinthestory. |
小题3:What is the implied meaning of the last sentence?| A．Inferringcanreallyhelpthereaderdevelopimaginationandenrichhimself. | | B．Inferringcanhelpthereaderwriteastoryofhisown. | | C．Thereadershouldlookforanexperiencedescribedinthestoryhereads. | | D．Theexperiencedescribedinthestorywillleaveagreatimpactonitsreader. |
小题4:What is the main idea of this passage? | A．Inferringisanartofwriting. | B．Inferringisaneedinfictionwriting | | C．Inferringisthebasicskillinreadingfiction. | D．Inferringiscommoninreading. |
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We human beings haven’t been good friends to animals. For thousands of years, we have been polluting the environment, making it hard for animals to live on the planet. We have been killing animals for their fur, feathers or meat, or simply because they are dangerous. As a result, many kinds of animals have disappeared forever. Hundreds more are on the endangered list today.
Should we care about animals? Of course we should. If animals of a certain kind all disappear, they will never come back again. Animals are more than just resources of things we need. Every kind of animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying any kind of animal can lead to many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the corn and grain that the farmers stored were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With less and less hawks to keep down their numbers, rats and mice multiplied quickly. And if people kill too many birds, more and more insects will eat the crops.
Luckily, we’ve realized that we shouldn’t kill animals any more. And people are working hard to save those animals that would disappear soon. The government also passed laws to protect the endangered animals. In fact, quite a few countries have passed such laws. These laws forbid the killing of any kind of animal on the endangered list. We should try our best to protect and save the endangered animals.
小题1:The text calls on us to__________.| A．keep animals at home | B．protect the environment | | C．protect the endangered animals | D．know more about the balance of nature. |
小题2:Why do people kill animals?| A．Animals cause many serious problems. | | B．They kill animals for something they need. | | C．Animals destroy their natural resources. | | D．They kill animals to protect the environment |
小题3:The example that farmers killed hawks shows that__________.| A．there were too many rats and mice | | B．hawks are the most important in the nature | | C．animals are good food resources | | D．every kind of animal is important in nature |
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Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim.
The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers’ voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known – that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves.
The researchers, from Cardiff University’s School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words “whoops” and “there”. The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums’ voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language.
Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University’s School of Psychology says, “What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did ‘whoops’ and ‘there’ in two languages and got exactly the same results.” The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek.
Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents’ voices from an early age.
She says, “Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people’s minds, except the signals in language that they give out.” She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it.
Dr Gattis adds, “A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don’t sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across.” Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them.
小题1:According to the text, what have mothers long-known?| A．Babies have a better understanding of English. | | B．Babies pick up on tone of voice. | | C．Babies like their mothers’ performances. | | D．Babies like drawing from an early age. |
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE, according to the study?| A．Tone of voice is the most useful sign of what someone is thinking. | | B．After children begin to speak, tone becomes unimportant. | | C．The babies acted the same way regardless of the language. | | D．The research was conducted on 48 babies. |
小题3:According to the text, Dr. Gattis believes that _________.| A．we have no access to other people’s minds | | B．babies can’t understand what “yes” means | | C．parents should always sound enthusiastic | | D．how a parent speaks is more important than what he or she says |
小题4:What’s the text mainly about?| A．The content of the journal Cognitive Development. | | B．The famous works of Dr. Gattis. | | C．Babies understanding their mothers through tone. | | D．Babies having the potential to learn language well. |
小题5:The text can be classified as _________. | A．a report | B．an advertisement | C．a handbook | D．a guide |
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