Farmers can produce more by planting several different crops in the same field.B
题型：不详难度：来源：
Farmers can produce more by planting several different crops in the same field.But their success depends on which crops they plant together and how they mix (混合) them in the filed.In the past, the only way the farmers could learn which crops grow best together is to plant them and wait for the results.Now, however, a computer can give them answers.A new computer program written by Dr John Vanderwell of Michigan University can tell a farmer which plants grow well together and which do not.It can tell him how to plant the different crops; if he should plant each in a separate row, or mix the crops in the same row.It can tell the farmer how changes in planting each of the crops will affect the production of all of them.And it can tell him which plants can help reduce losses (损失) from diseases.
小题1:Which of the following best gives the main idea of the passage?| A．Computer helps find the best program for mixing plants. | | B．Computer helps produce more crops. | | C．Computer helps protect against insects and diseases. | | D．Computer helps grow different plants. |
小题2:According to the passage, to get the best result, one needs to choose carefully ________.| A．the kinds of crops to be planted together | | B．the way for different crops to be mixed | | C．both A and B | | D．either A or B |
小题3:It seems the new computer program can NOT tell us ________.| A．whether we should grow cotton and tomato together | | B．how we should plant cotton and tomato together | | C．what will happen if we grow potato, instead of tomato, together with cotton | | D．how we can grow rice in the tomato field |
小题4:The new computer program seems most useful in saving us ________.| A．man power | B．seeds | C．time | D．land |
小题5:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．Computers can tell farmers how many plants can grow together. | | B．With the help of computers farmers don"t have to do a lot of work. | | C．With the help of computers farmers can get better results. | | D．The change of one plant may cause a change in production. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了一种新的电脑程序，可以告诉农民怎样在同一块土地上种更多的庄稼，可以节省土地。
小题1:主旨题：从文章的句子：A new computer program written by Dr John Vanderwell of Michigan University can tell a farmer which plants grow well together and which do not.可知这篇文章介绍一种电脑程序，可以知道什么庄稼在一起种最好。选B
小题2:细节题：从文章的句子：But their success depends on which crops they plant together and how they mix (混合) them in the filed.可知成功与否取决于什么庄稼在一起长比较好，怎么长。选C
小题3:细节题：从文章的句子：which plants grow well together and which do not.可知A正确，how to plant the different crops; 可知B正确，从It can tell the farmer how changes in planting each of the crops will affect the production of all of them.可知C是对的，没有提到可以在西红柿田里种水稻。选D
小题4:细节题：从第一句话：Farmers can produce more by planting several different crops in the same field.可知这种方法可以在同一块土地上种更多的庄稼，就是节省土地。选D
小题5:排除题：新的方法只是让人们在同一块土地上种更多的庄稼，就是节省土地。但不能节省劳力。选B
点评：本文要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据。 |
举一反三
Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious.
Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees" nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees" nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always fall to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
小题1:Why is it difficult to find a wild bees" nest?| A．It"s small in size. | B．It"s hard to recognize. | | C．It"s covered with wax. | D．It"s hidden in trees. |
小题2:What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．A bee. | B．A honey seeker. | C．A bird. | D．A beekeeper. |
小题3:The honey guide is special in the way ________.| A．it goes to church | B．it gets its food | | C．it sings in the forest | D．it reaches into bees" nests |
小题4:What can be the best title for the text?| A．Wild Bees | B．Wax and Honey | | C．Beekeeping in Africa | D．Honey-Lover"s Helper |
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It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.
In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.
In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected(察觉)the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all.
Clothing color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.
The researchers believe that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Kamba and Maasai people? | A．Maasai people are a threat to elephants. | | B．Kamba people raise elephants for farming. | | C．Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters. | | D．Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing. |
小题2: How did the elephants react to smell in the study? | A．They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing. | | B．They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar. | | C．They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented(有…气味的) clothing. | | D．They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies. |
小题3: What is the main idea of this passage?| A．Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger. | | B．Elephants attack people who wear red clothing. | | C．Scientists are now able to control elephants’ emotions. | | D．Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants’ emotions very well. |
小题4:What can be inferred about the elephants’ behavior from this passage? | A．Elephants learn from their experience. | | B．Elephants have sharper sense of smell than sight. | | C．Elephants are more intelligent than other animals. | | D．Elephants tend to attack rather than escape when in danger. |
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Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses say she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she’s not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
“It’s very different from their normal call,” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm call if they see or hear something highly unusual.”
But you can’t see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can — if you’re an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,” said Brandie Smith. “That’s part of their special abilities. They’re more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”
Primates weren’t the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
So what kind of vibrations were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough says earthquakes produce two types of waves — a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She said she thinks the “P” wave might be what set the animals off.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith says the zoo’s giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I’m not surprised at all,” Smith said.
小题1:Why did Mandara act strangely one day?| A．Because it sensed something unusual would happen. | | B．Because its daughter Kibibi was injured. | | C．Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call. | | D．Because an earthquake had happened. |
小题2:According to Brandie Smith, _____.| A．many animals’ hearing is sharp | | B．earthquakes produce two types of waves | | C．primates usually gather together before a quake | | D．humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake |
小题3:Which word in the passage has a close meaning to the underlined word “cover”?| A．vibration | B．shelter | C．quake | D．range |
小题4:Which animal seems unable to sense a quake?| A．A giant panda. | B．A flamingo. | C．A lemur. | D．A lizard. |
小题5:What is the best title for the passage?| A．How animals survive a quake. | B．How animals differ from humans. | | C．How animals behave before a quake. | D．How animals protect their young in a quake. |
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New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, 1 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the 2 age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and 3 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 4 for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will 5 survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining.
The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazon’s future.
Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.
“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human 15 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16 .”
“With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we 18 that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive 19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.”
| 小题1: | | A．advertised | B．described | C．published | D．presented |
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| 小题2: | | A．frightening | B．surprising | C．exciting | D．interesting |
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| 小题3: | | A．still | B．nevertheless | C．however | D．therefore |
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| 小题4: | | A．assess | B．confirm | C．forecast | D．promise |
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| 小题5: | | A．particularly | B．probably | C．merely | D．possibly |
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| 小题6: | | A．Since | B．Although | C．When | D．If |
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| 小题7: | | A．rise | B．change | C．drop | D．end |
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| 小题8: | | A．consider | B．decide | C．guarantee | D．recommend |
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| 小题9: | | A．based | B．built | C．focused | D．made |
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| 小题10: | | A．in relation to | B．in response to | C．in reply to | D．in reference to |
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| 小题11: | | A．findings | B．thoughts | C．inventions | D．writings |
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| 小题12: | | A．threats | B．disadvantages | C．embarrassments | D．instructions |
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| 小题13: | | A．accept | B．tolerate | C．permit | D．Require |
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| 小题14: | | A．farming | B．planting | C．catering | D．mining |
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| 小题15: | | A．power | B．influence | C．desire | D．violence |
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| 小题16: | | A．difficult | B．clear | C．easy | D．important |
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| 小题17: | | A．belief | B．direction | C．understanding | D．suggestion |
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| 小题18: | | A．doubt | B．conclude | C．calculate | D．prefer |
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| 小题19: | | A．thought | B．guidance | C．protection | D．action |
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| 小题20: | | A．secure | B．advance | C．sacrifice | D．evaluate |
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Family Vs Technology
Modern technology certainly changes family behavior, but does it really damage family life as many people fear? Not necessarily, says Dr. Silva, a professor in Sociology(社会学) at the Open University, she also argues it is wrong to assume technology erodes(腐蚀，侵蚀) the quality of family life.
“There is the idea that technology has an influence on the family and the family suffers. My take is quite different,” she explains. “Technological change happens because people’s lives change. And it is people’s choices of how to live that creates processes of innovation(革新) as well. The family has a role like the economy or like technology itself in changing the world. The imagination is important in driving the things technologists want to find for our daily lives. People desire to see nature as it is, so color television comes about,” she says.
In another case, the increase in working mothers helped create a market for labor-saving kitchen equipment. “The time that women have to shop every day for food is no longer available so there is a need to have a refrigerator for food storage,” says Dr. Silva. “The need to cook that food more easily and quickly, means you have developments in cooking technology like the microwave oven(微波炉). The microwave oven already existed because it was developed for the navy during World War Two but it wasn’t used in ordinary families until the early 1980s.
“Technologies for housework were as important as those for work itself,” she says, “So washing machines, refrigerators and microwave ovens are terribly important. We couldn’t imagine what life would be like if we didn’t have them.” Technological changes in the kitchen have played an important role in the changes of family behavior, creating a new social focus in the home.
“With advanced technology, you can feed the family in an easier manner. People can do housework with less difficulty. But that doesn’t mean that family practices are not important — it’s just a different way of doing things.”
小题1:What is Dr. Silva’s attitude towards the effect that technology has on family life? | A．Worried. | B．Optimistic(乐观的). | | C．Puzzled. | D．Uncertain. |
小题2:What causes advances in technology according to Dr. Silva? | A．People’s love for nature. | | B．Great changes in people’s way of life. | | C．People’s desire to change the world. | | D．The wonderful imagination in inventing things. |
小题3:What can we learn from the passage? | A．The microwave oven was first used by working mothers. | | B．People cook less because of modern kitchen equipment. | | C．Technology has little effect on the changes of family behavior. | | D．People need less skill to do housework due to advanced technology. |
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