When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happene

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happene

题型:不详难度:来源:
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived; the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. 
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being over-fished has been known for years and researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative (保守的). One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
小题1:The aim of the extinction of large prehistoric animals is to suggest that _______.
A.large animal were not easy to survive in the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D.Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
小题2:We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that _______.
A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
B.there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
C.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
D.the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
小题3:By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, paragraph 3), Dr worm means that_______.
A.fishing technology has improved rapidly
B.then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C.the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D.the date collected so far are out of date.
小题4:Dr Myers and other researchers hold that _______.
A.people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C.the ocean biomass should restore its original level.
D.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
小题5:The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _______.
A.management efficiency
B.biomass level
C.catch-size limits
D.technological application.

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B
解析

试题分析:文章讲述了研究人员现在指出海洋中由于过度捕捞,鱼类正在减少,说明了鱼类正在减少原因及呼吁改变捕鱼的底线来改变现在的状况。
小题1:推断题。从文章第一自然段和第二自然段的描写中,我们可知大型史前动物的灭绝的目的是为了表明如今海洋中的大型生物可能也同样遭受着威胁,故选C
小题2:推断题。从文章the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. 可知,在一些老的渔场,大型捕食动物的储藏量已经减少了90%,文章提到的是平均80%,所以可知A正确。
小题3:细节题。从文One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,可知,这些数字之所以是保守估计,是因为现代科学技术的进步,给捕鱼带来带来了方便,海洋生物已经遭受了更大的破坏,故选C
小题4:推断题。从文章Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. 及最后可知,现在绝大多数的渔场的鱼的数量只是以前的一半,甚至更少,所以人们应该调整捕鱼的基线来改变现在状态,故选D
小题5:推断题。文章整个文段都在围绕"海洋生物总量"这个话题展开的,文中多次出现了"biomass"这个词,故选B
点评:本文较难,取自于2006年考研的题目。对于此类科普类文章对于学生来说,很难把握作者写作的主要意图和言外之意。那么在解答的过程中就必须结合题目中的选项,仔细的来推敲文章所表达的意思,对于一下子无法解决的问题,可以待所有题目解答完后,再来仔细的作答。
举一反三
EAT YOUR VEGETABLES.Wash your hands. Always say  “please” and “thank you”. We are full of advice for our children, but when it comes to money, we often have little to say. As a result, our children may grow up with clean hands and good manners, but without any idea how tomanage their money.
  Here are some basics that will help guide them their entire lives:
  Show them the future. If your 13-year-old girl were to save $1.000,invest(投资)it at 8% and add $100 every month, by the time she’s 65,she would have $980,983!
  Be careful of credit(信用).Credit cards can help you buy necessary things and build a credit history, but they must be used responsibly, which means paying off your debt in time. Explain to your children that when you buy something using a credit card, you can easily end up paying two or three times what you would have paid if you used cash.
  Teach patience. Suppose your child wants a new bicycle that costs $150.Rather than paying the cash, give him some regular pocket money and explain that by putting aside,say,$15 each week, he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.
  Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning.
  Explain your values. Values and money are deeply intertwined, says Eilleen Gallo,co-author of The Financially Intelligent Parent. When your child demands that you buy something, explain why you really don’t want to buy it.“You might say, ‘I’d rather save that money for your  education,’” advises Gallo. Every time you spend or don’t spend money, you have a chance to share your values.
小题1:The writer gives some basics to help________ in a proper way.
A.parents teach their children how to deal with money
B.children follow their parents’ instructions
C.children manage their money
D.parents save their money
小题2:The writer thinks that, if a child wants to buy something, his parents should________.      .
A.give him some regular pocket money
B.encourage him to put money away for it
C.explain to him the importance of investment
D.tell him to save some money by using a credit card
小题3:The underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 6 means_________.       .
A.honorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement
小题4:What leads the writer to write this article?_________
A.Parents want to know how to educate their children.
B.He wants to share his good ideas about money matters.
C.He thinks money management the most important for children.
D.Parents care Little about their children’s management of money.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The students at Sandy"s high school were badly shaken by the news that a classmate had __36  himself.The suicide note read: “It’s hard to  37  when nobody cares.”
Glen, a teacher, realized this was a  38  moment about the importance of making people feel _39 . He asked his class to imagine they were about to  _40  and to write a note "telling someone how and why you _ 41 him or her."
Sandy, who had a   42_  relationship with her mother, decided to write her  _43  . Her letter read: "We"ve had some  44_ times and I haven"t always been a very good _ 45  , but I know I"m lucky to have you in my life. You"re the _ 46_ person I"ve ever known.And even when I disagree with you, I never _ 47 _you love me and want what"s best for me.Thanks for not   48  up me.”
When her mom read the note, she cried and hugged Sandy   49 but said little.
The next morning, Sandy found a  50 on her mirror:  "Dearest Sandy,  I want you to know being your mother is, by far, the most important thing in my life. 51_ I got your note , I thought I had lost your love and  52 .  I felt like such a failure.I intended to  53 it all last night.Your note saved my  54 .”
Be careful not to underestimate(低估) the  55 of expressed appreciation. It won"t always save a life, but it will always make someone"s life better.
小题1:
A.sacrificedB.defeatedC.abandonedD.killed
小题2:
A.liveB.imagineC.struggleD.think
小题3:
A.sadB.finalC.teachableD.great
小题4:
A.ashamedB.valuedC.excitedD.scared
小题5:
A.die B.failC.retire D.survive
小题6:
A.missB.hateC.admireD.appreciate
小题7:
A.closeB.casualC.badD.personal
小题8:
A.classmateB.momC.fatherD.teacher
小题9:
A.freeB.delightfulC.pleasantD.rough
小题10:
A.daughterB.studentC.friendD.trainer
小题11:
A.bestB.wisestC.luckiestD.bravest
小题12:
A.trustB.doubtC.considerD.predict
小题13:
A.takingB.goingC.givingD.looking
小题14:
A.coldlyB.hesitantlyC.shylyD.tightly
小题15:
A.noteB.giftC.noticeD.reminder
小题16:
A.SinceB.UntilC.ThoughD.When
小题17:
A.confidenceB.courageC.respectD.heart
小题18:
A.endB.makeC.getD.fall
小题19:
A.lifeB.timeC.moneyD.honor
小题20:
A.pushB.priceC.meaningD.power

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
CONGRATULATIONS
We’ve organized the following information to help you prepare for your arrival at Boston College.Please feel free to contact our Admissions Office at any time over the coming months with any questions.
Your First Steps…
Please return the Acknowledgment Form sent with your acceptance letter to Dean Robert Howe, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, McGuinn Hall 221,140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.
■For Ph.D.Acceptances and Master’s Acceptances with funding, we ask you to reply by April 25, 2008.
■For Master’s Acceptances without funding and Non-degree Acceptances, we ask you to reply by May 31, 2008.
■You should also contact your department to receive any department information.
Over the Coming Months…
Get informed about services around campus.We have provided links for you to the following offices.
■Student Services
After you return your Acknowledgment Form, you should receive a letter containing your BC Username and Eagle ID number.With this information you can reach email and Agora.In Agora, BC’s online community, you can update your student information, check your student account, and register (登记) for classes.
The Office of Student Services issues (发行) your BC Eagle One Card.This ID card acts as your campus library card and meal card.
Student Services’ website offers a complete listing of courses for the school year, as well as student forms and other important student information.The Office of Student Services also handles billing.
■Housing …
CLICK HERE for more information.
If we can be of any more help to you, just contact us.Congratulations again! We look forward to you joining our University!
小题1:The above page can most probably be read _________.
A.on the Boston College websiteB.in the Boston College newspaper
C.on BC Eagle One CardD.at Student Services
小题2:The information above is particularly useful for those ________.
A.who want to apply for Boston College
B.who want to know about Boston College
C.who’ve been admitted to Boston College
D.who’ve decided to pay a visit to Boston College
小题3:If you want to study for your master’s degree with funding, you will have to _______.
A.return your Acknowledgment Form by May 31, 2008
B.send back your Acknowledgment Form by April 25, 2008
C.email your Acknowledgment Form to Admissions Office by May 31, 2008
D.return your Acknowledgment Form to Student Services by April 25, 2008
小题4:If you want to decide what courses for the school year you’d better _________.
A.call up the Office of Student Services
B.get in touch with the Admissions Office
C.read your acceptance letter
D.visit Student Services’ website

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
What is colour? Why do some of the things around us look red, some green, others blue?
 Colours are really made by reflected(反射)light. We see colour because most of the things reflect light. Something is red, for it reflects most of the red light. In the same way, if something is green, it reflects most of the green light. If something reflects all light, it is white. If it doesn‘t reflect any light, it is black.
 Some of the light is reflected and some is taken in(吸收)and turned into(变成)heat(热能).The darker the colour is, the less light is reflected, the more light is taken in. So dark-coloured(深色的)clothes are warmer in the sun than light-coloured clothes.
小题1:When something reflects light, we can_______.
A.see its colourB.see its heatC.not see its colourD.see nothing
小题2:In summer _____make people feel cool.
A.dark-clolured clothesB.red-coloured clothes
C.green-coloured clothesD.light-coloured clothes
小题3:(Originally created) Why does the author use a question at the beginning of this passage?
A.The author doesn’t has a knowledge of colour.
B.The author shows off his knowledge of colour.
C.To ask the readers to answer this question.
D.To draw the readers’ interest in reading this passage.
小题4:(Originally created) In which of the following you can find this passage?
A. A travel book                  B.A history book
C. A popular science magazine      C, An entertainment newspaper.
小题5:What’s the best title(题目)of this passage(短文)?
A.Dark colourB.ColourC.Heat D.Clothes

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
A special laboratory at the University of Chicago is busy only at night. It is a dream laboratory where researchers are at work studying dreamers. Their findings have discovered that everyone dreams from three to seven times a night, although in ordinary life a person may remember none or only one of his dreams.
  While the subjects—usually students—sleep, special machines record their brain waves and eye movements as well as the body movements that signal the end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects sleep soundly.
Observers report that a person usually fidgets(烦躁不安) before a dream. Once the dream has started, his body relaxes and his eyes become more active, as if the curtain had gone up on a show. As soon as the machine shows that the dream is over, a buzzer wakens the sleeper. He sits up, records his dream, and goes back to sleep—perhaps to dream some more.
Researchers have found that if the dreamer is wakened immediately after his dream, he can usually recall the entire dream. If he is allowed to sleep even five more minutes, his memory of the dream will have disappeared.
小题1:According to the passage, researchers at the University of Chicago are studying ____.
A.contents of dreams B.dreamers while they dream
C.the meaning of dreamsD.the progress of sleeping
小题2:Their finding has discovered that _____.
A.everyone dreams every night
B.dreams are easily remembered
C.dreams are likely to be frightening
D.One person dreams only one dream a night
小题3:The machines being used in the experiment record _____.
A.the depth of sleep
B.the subjects’ brain waves and eye movements
C.how many dreams a person has
D.what a sleeper dreams during his sleep
小题4:A person would be most likely to remember the dream that _____.
A.was of most interest to him
B.occurred immediately after he went to sleep
C.occurred just before he woke up
D.was the longest one to him

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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