A group of graduates, well established in their careers, were talking at a reun
题型：不详难度：来源：
A group of graduates, well established in their careers, were talking at a reunion and decided to visit their old university professor, now retired. During their visit, the conversation turned to complaints about stress in their work and lives.
Offering his guests hot chocolate, the professor went into the kitchen and returned with a large pot of hot chocolate and other things including cups-porcelain(瓷杯子), glass, crystal, some plain looking, some expensive, some elegant -- telling them to help themselves to the hot chocolate.
When they all had a cup of hot chocolate in hand, the professor said: "I notice that all the nice looking and expensive cups were taken, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress. The cup that you"re drinking from adds nothing to the quality of the hot chocolate. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink. What all of you really wanted was hot chocolate, not the cup; but you consciously went for the best cups... And then you began eyeing each others cups. Now consider this: Life is the hot chocolate; your job, money and position in society are the cups. They are just tools to hold and contain life. The cup you have does not define, nor change the quality of life you have. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the hot chocolate we have. The happiest people don"t have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything that they have. Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly. Thank the Lord for your blessings in 2011. And enjoy your hot chocolate in 2012!”
小题1: When did they decide to go to see their professor?| A．After the reunion. | B．During the get-together. | | C．Before they graduated. | D．Just after the professor retired. |
小题2:Why did the professor offer them different cups?| A．Because cups were not enough for everyone. | | B．Because cups were beautiful. | | C．Because the professor wanted to teach them something. | | D．Because hot chocolate should be contained in different cups. |
小题3:What caused the professor to say those words?| A．Their graduation. | B．Their reunion. | C．Their visit. | D．Their complaints. |
小题4:What does the word “cup” in this passage refer to?| A．Life | B．happy things in life | | C．hot chocolate | D．tools to hold and contain life |
小题5:What is the purpose of the professor’s words?| A．To tell them life is not easy, so try their best to be happy. | | B．To educate them that the happiest people don"t have the best of everything. | | C．To wish them to be grateful to their life and make the best of everything that they have. | | D．To use different cups to tell them they should try different things in life. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：
小题1:B 细节题。根据第一段第一句A group of graduates, well established in their careers, were talking at a reunion and decided to visit their old university professor, now retired.。可知是在同学联谊会后，故A正确。
小题2:C 推理题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三行The happiest people don"t have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything that they have. 说明老教授在给他们讲道理，说明世界上最幸福的人并不一定拥有世界上所有最好的东西，而是在于他们能极大限度的利用他们所拥有的。故C正确。
小题3:D 细节题。根据第一段第二句the conversation turned to complaints about stress in their work and lives.可知，是他们的抱怨引起了老教授说了那番话故D正确。
小题4:D 词义题。根据文章They are just tools to hold and contain life.说明cup就是指掌控生活的工具的故D正确。
小题5:C 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三行The happiest people don"t have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything that they have.。说明老教授的此番话的目的在于让他们对生活学会感恩，尽力去利用自己身边所拥有的东西。故C 正确。
点评：文章讲述了一群大学生工作以及生活的故事，想告诉我们不要过多的追求不属于我们的东西，而是要利用好现有的东西。本文主要考查了细节题推理题，要求考生根据文章内容合理判断，准确定位，进行归纳总结。 |
举一反三
Mars Was Not Always Bitterly Cold
Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today. The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸盐） minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information.
Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet"s history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth.
The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars" surface when another space rock struck its "home."
小题1: The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.| A．to set up | | B．to make people accept a belief | | C．to discover or prove | | D．to start having a relationship with others |
小题2:How did the scientists reach the finding?| A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite. | | B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars. | | C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars | | D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface. |
小题3:According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?| A．Measuring the temperature of Mars. | | B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars. | | C．Confirming that there is water flowing on Mars. | | D．Finding where human beings will probably land on Mars. |
小题4:How did Allan Hills meteorite get its name?| A．From its original place on Mars. | | B．From where it was found on the earth. | | C．From the name of the scientist who found it. | | D．From the name of the aircraft that discovered it |
小题5: Where can we most probably read this passage?| A．In a biography of scientists. | | B．In a geography magazine. | | C．In an environment report. | | D．In a science report. |
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Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.
One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make startling changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
小题1:Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?| A．The first sentence of the first paragraph. | | B．The first sentence of the second paragraph. | | C．The first sentence of the third paragraph. | | D．The last sentence of the second paragraph. |
小题2: according to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.| A．how much money they can earn from their products | | B．whether to plant a certain kind of crop | | C．what livestock to raise | | D．when to sell their products |
小题3:Which of the following statements is true?| A．Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers. | | B．Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms. | | C．Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present. | | D．Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothing without the help of computers on today’s farms. |
小题4:according to the engineers, _______will be done by robots in the near future.| A．all farm work | B．milking cows | | C．most of the farm work | D．some farm work |
小题5:What is the best title for the whole passage?| A．Computer, Farmers’ Best Friend | B．Farmers in The Future | | C．The Agricultural Revolution | D．Computers and Robots |
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It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why．
First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things． It’s always good to try new things because when you are trying new things you are growing． If you never try anything new, how can you improve? How can you expand? The simple answer is “You can’t”． Look around you． With very few exceptions, either everything you see in your physical world or every single detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying something new．
Another good thing about mistakes is this: When you are making mistakes, you are learning． Consider this: Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb． When asked how it felt to fail that many times, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times, but rather had learned 10,000 things that didn’t work．
Finally, when you make a mistake you are much closer to success． Why?
Because when all is said and done, you will have tried some number of things before you succeeded． Every time you make a mistake you eliminate one of those things and are one step closer．
But this all doesn’t mean that you should go ahead without considering the consequences of a mistake． Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it doesn’t work out the way you want it to, you will be in a position to try again．
We all have limited resources in the form of time and money so don’t blow them all on one approach to a problem． Realize that it probably won’t be perfect the first time and allocate （分配） these resources appropriately so you can learn, make corrections, and try it again． Only by accepting and using your mistakes in this way can you make significant advances in your business and your career．
There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes, you’re not trying hard enough．”
So go forth and make mistakes． And learn． And grow． And prosper（成功）．
小题1:From the second paragraph, we can conclude that _______．| A．mistakes are unnecessary for development | | B．we are afraid of trying new things | | C．it’s common for people to make mistakes | | D．mistakes are better than not trying |
小题2:The underlined word “eliminate” means _______．| A．avoid | B．remove | C．accept | D．solve |
小题3:According to the article, one thing you should pay attention to about making mistakes is ．| A．avoiding making the same mistakes | | B．accepting the punishment willingly | | C．taking consequences into account | | D．trying things out one by one |
小题4:What would the writer probably suggest we say to ourselves when we make a mistake?| A．Never mind, I can always try again． | | B．I’d better stay out of trouble． | | C．Ok! Now I can learn something． | | D．Look at this mess． Anyone would be upset． |
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A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the result of a condition known as jet lag. Jet lag results from flying long distances in an airplane. People with jet lag may feel extremely tired for several days. They may also have problems thinking clearly and remembering.
Recently a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain reported the findings of his jet lag study, which involved twenty young women who worked for international airlines. They had served passengers on airplanes for five years. These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones. In the study, the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag. Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights. The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas.
The researcher took some saliva from the women”s mouths to measure levels of a hormone(荷尔蒙) that increases during stress(紧张). He tested them to see if they could remember where black spots appeared on a computer screen. And he took pictures of their brains to measure the size of the brain”s temporal lobes(脑叶).
It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes. This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen. The same group performed worse and had slower reaction times on the visual memory test. And their saliva samples showed higher levels of stress hormones.
The researcher believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip. He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about four years. Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory.
Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain. They want to find out if too much jet lag could permanently (永久性的) affect memory.
小题1:According to the text, jet lag .
- can cause difficulties in speaking
- can make people feel tired for a few weeks
- can be only found in flight attendants
- can be caused by flying over several time zones
小题2:It can be inferred from the text that .
- the conclusion is refused by many scientists
- scientists fear that this research is not doneproperly
- the scientific conclusion needs the support frommany tests
- every women who were examined in the research weremot healthy
小题3:From the result of the research we can see that .
- the women who have longer rest at home show better memory
- the women who fly in short time have smaller righttemporal lobes
- the women who have longer flights fail the memorytest
- the women who rest more than 14 days produce lesshormones
小题4:What is the subject discussed in the text?
- The cause of jet lag.
- A story of a group of flight attendants.
- The importance of having enough rest after flights.
- A research about the effects of jet lag on thebrain.
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Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time in which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.
小题1:The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .| A．the length of a group of words. | | B．lighting and tiredness. | | C．one’s familiarity with the text. | | D．one’s purpose in reading. |
小题2:The author may believe that reading ______.| A．demands an deeply-participating mind. | | B．demands more mind than eyes. | | C．requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation. | | D．requires a reader to see words more quickly. |
小题3:What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second paragraph?| A．The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading. | | B．The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words. | | C．The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted. | | D．The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see or comprehend words. |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading. | | B．The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text. | | C．The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time. | | D．Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training. |
小题5:The tune of the author in writing this article is ________.| A．pessimistic | B．optimistic | C．critical | D．neutral |
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