It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enoug
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It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can" t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys" blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys" brains. When the brain" s temperature was 10°C, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
小题1:The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _______. | A．the time is too short for doctors | | B．the patients are often too nervous | | C．the damage is extremely hard to fix | | D．the blood-cooling machine might break down |
小题2:The brain operation was made possible mainly by _______. | A．taking the blood out of the brain | | B．trying the operation on monkeys first | | C．having the blood go through a machine | | D．lowering the brain" s temperature |
小题3:With Dr. White" s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain _______. | A．can last as long as 30 minutes | B．can keep the brain" s blood warm | | C．can keep the patient" s brain healthy | D．can help monkeys do different jobs |
小题4:What is the right order of the steps in the operation?
a. send the cooled blood back to the brain
b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down
d. operate on the brain | A．a,b,c,d | B．c,a,b,d | C．c, b, d, a | D．b, c, d, a |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了一种新型的对脑部进行手术的方法，即通过冷却血液的方法来延长手术时间。
小题1:A 推理题。根据第一段第二句Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes.说明如果大脑没有血，脑部很快就会死亡的，故对医生来说最大的问题就是时间。
小题2:D 细节题。根据第二段2,3句. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes.说明他想出的方法是冷却大脑，让大脑在冷却的状态下，进行手术。
小题3:A 推理题。根据第二段第2行If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes.说明大脑在冷却的情况下可以活30分钟，说明这样的手术也至少可以进行30分钟，故A正确。
小题4:B 排除题。根据文章第三段内容：The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys" brains. When the brain" s temperature was 10°C, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on.推理得到Dr. White可以先冷却血，然后再把血送回大脑，当温度到10度的时候停止血液的流动，接着就对大脑进行手术。故B正确。
点评：该类短文科技含量较高，生词较多，需要考生有一定耐心，不要被生词难住，这些生词是不影响答案的，同时也要加强推理能力的培养，如65题。 |
举一反三
When I was in the third grade, I was picked to be the princess(公主）in the school play. For weeks my mother had helped me practice my lines. But once on stage, every word disappeared from my head. Then my teacher told me she had written a narrator"s（解说者的）part for the play, and asked me to change roles. Though I didn"t tell my mother what had happened that day, she sensed my unhappiness and asked if I wanted to take a walk in the yard.
It was a lovely spring day. We could see dandelions(蒲公英）popping through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with bits of gold. I watched my mother carelessly bend down by one of the bunches. "I think I am going to dig up all these weeds, "she said. "From now on, we"ll have only roses in this garden. "
"But I like dandelions, "I protested. "All flowers are beautiful-even dandelions!"
My mother looked at me seriously. "Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn"t it?" she asked thoughtfully. I nodded. "And that is true of people, too, " she added.
When I realized that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry and told her the truth.
“But you will be a beautiful narrator, ”she said, reminding me of how much I loved to read stories aloud to her.
Over the next few weeks, with her continuous encouragement, I learned to take pride in the role. The big day finally came. A few minutes before the play, my teacher came over to me. “Your mother asked me to give this to you, ”she said, handing me a dandelion. After the play, I took home the flower, laughing that I was perhaps the only person who would keep such a weed.
小题1:The girl did not play the role of the princess mainly because . | A．she felt nervous on the stage. | | B．she lost her interest in that role. | | C．she preferred the role of the narrator | | D．she had difficulty memorizing her words |
小题2:Why did the mother suggest a walk in the garden? | A．To remove the dandelions | | B．To enjoy the garden scene | | C．to have a talk with her daughter. | | D．to help her daughter with the play. |
小题3:What is the main idea of the story?
A. Everybody can find his or her own way to success.
B. Everybody has his or her own value in the world.
C. Everybody should learn to play different roles
D Everybody has some unforgettable memory. |
When a Swedish ship that sank（沉） in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts, objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwater archaeology(考古)-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a product of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment. Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸），underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6, 000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of people’s way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world"s knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机）often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.
小题1:What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?| A．To provide background information of the topic | | B．To attract readers" attention to the topic | | C．To use an example to support the topic | | D．To offer basic knowledge of the topic |
小题2:The aim of underwater archaeology is to . | A．exploit(开发)water bodies | B．search for underwater life | | C．study underwater artifacts | D．examine underwater environment |
小题3:Underwater archaeologists are worried because_____. | A．sea hunters have better diving equipment | | B．their knowledge of world history is limited | | C．dredging machines cause damage to the ports | | D．sold artifacts can hardly be regained for research |
小题4:What is the main purpose of the passage?| A．To introduce a young branch(分支) of learning. | | B．To discuss the scientists’ problems. | | C．To explain people’s way of life in the past. | | D．To describe the sunken ships. |
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Blogs (博客) are the place where young people go to show their hearts, to express their anger, sorrow or disappointment, and even to gossip (说别人的闲话).
Many people enjoy the freedom in blogging. Some, however, find that putting one’s life online can have a price. The blogs of some students in America were stopped by the government for some time because they posted threatening words to their teachers on their blogs.
A recent study finds that nearly a fifth of teens who surf the Internet have their own blogs. And 38 % of teens say they read other people’s blogs. By comparison, about a tenth of adults have their own blogs and a quarter say they read other people’s online magazines.
With the development of the Internet, more and more people will be attracted by blogging.
In another study, 79% of teens agree that people at their age aren’t careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, careless blogging can also influence blog readers. When you are angry or unhappy, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later. To minimize (使减到最小) the negative influence, change the safety setting and make such posts “personal” so that only you can read them.
As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying one’s creative works.
小题1:Blogs are the place where people __________.| A．go online to have a chat | | B．go online to enjoy freedom | | C．exchange their views online | | D．go online to express themselves freely |
小题2:The fact that some American students’ blogs were stopped is used to show that __________.| A．people should not put their life online | | B．American students are limited in blogging | | C．anyone who gets on the Web has his blog | | D．people should be careful with what they write |
小题3:The underlined word “rational” in the fifth paragraph probably means __________.| A．strange | B．perfect | | C．helpful | D．reasonable |
小题4:The passage is mainly about __________.| A．the use people make of blogs | | B．the number of people who have blogs | | C．advantages and disadvantages of blogs | | D．the author’s suggestions about blogging |
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Scientists are trying to make the deserts ,which get very little rain, into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts，so people can live and grow food. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is becoming desert all the time. Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time．
Why is more and more land becoming desert？Scientists think that people make deserts．People are doing bad things to the earth against the scientists’ wish．
Some places on the earth don’t get much rain. But they still don’t become deserts．This is because some green plants are growing there．Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places．Plants don’t let the sun make the earth even drier． Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away．When a bit of rain falls，the plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become desert more easily．
小题1:Deserts ____________ ． | A．never have any plants or animals in them | | B．can all be turned into good land before long | | C．are becoming smaller and smaller | | D．get very little rain |
小题2:More and more land is becoming desert because____________． | A．plants can’t grow there | | B．there is not enough rain | | C．people haven’t done what scientists wish them to do | | D．scientists know little about the deserts |
小题3:Small green plants are very important to dry places because ________| A．they don’t let the sun make the earth even drier | | B．they don’t let the wind blow the soil away | | C．they hold water | | D．All of the above． |
小题4:After reading this passage, we learn that _____________ ． | A．plants can keep dry land from becoming desert | | B．it is good to get rid of the grass in the deserts | | C．all places without much rain will become deserts | | D．it is better to grow crops on dry land than to cut them |
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We’ve heard about radiation from the damaged nuclear reactors in Japan reaching American shores. Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day. Where and how? NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.
MONTAGNE: How many things emit radiation?
Dr CARACAPPA: Well, radiation and radioactive material is a part of nature. So everything that’s living has some amount of radiation coming from it—a very small amout. Plus there’s radiation in the ground and the air.
So the extremes are uranium in the soil to bananas?
Yes.
By the way, why do bananas have radiation?
Bananas have a lot of potassium(钾). And a small amount of potassium naturally is called potassium 40, which is radioactive
What’s the difference between radiation that’s harmful and not harmful?
Well, the term radiation can apply to a lot of different things. But the harmful radiation is ionizing(离子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material. We could get ionizing radiation from an X-ray, for example. It’s the kind of radiation that causes cancer.
The broader definition of radiation includes a lot of things that we call non-ionizing radiation. That includes everything like radio waves and visible light and your microwave.
So what then is the largest contributor of ionizing radiation?
For the natural sources of ionizing radiation, actually the biggest chunk of that tends to come from radon(氡), which is a radioactive material that is present in the air. It can become a concern when it builds up in low-lying areas of homes like basements.
Would it be fair to say that most people do not need to worry about the danger of being exposed to radiation?
I would say that the everyday exposure to radioation that we meet contributes an extremely tiny risk to our life or to our health compared to all of the other risks that we meet in our day-to-day life.
小题1:We can infer from the first paragraph that radiation is______.| A．rare | B．powerful | C．dangerous | D．common |
小题2:The passage may be _______.| A．an interview | B．an argument | C．a talk show program | D．a science report |
小题3:Whether radiation is harmful or not depends on______.| A．whether it has a small amount of potassium | | B．whether it changes chemical in materials. | | C．whether it has energy to change materials | | D．whether it is visible in life |
小题4:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.| A．advise on how to protect us from radiation | | B．analyze what causes radiation in daily life | | C．warn people of the danger of radiation | | D．expect people not to fear everyday radiation |
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