Enter a typical high school, and the first thing you see is the front office， wh
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Enter a typical high school, and the first thing you see is the front office， where the principal dwells and grades are stored. The front office also reinforces familiar hierarchy(等级制度): principal at the top, teachers in the middle, kids on the bottom, sitting with hands folded at their desks.
Now, imagine a school where the organizational structure is completely flat. At the New Country School in Henderson, Minn, there is no front office. Visitors are immediately embraced by an airy atrium that is the centerpiece of this one-room schoolhouse. And all around the room, 124 students sit at desks — real office desks — working at their own personal computers on their own projects.
When Dee Thomas and her colleagues got together 15 years ago to design a new high school, they knew there was one thing that had to go: The bell. "You don"t go into your job in the morning and say, "OK, for the first 45 minutes of my job, I"m going to do the math part." And then a bell goes off, and you do the social history part of your job. You don"t do that," Thomas said.
There are no teachers at New Country. Every few weeks, students must present projects they"ve been working on to the rest of the school community. To prepare for their presentations, they gather at tables in the middle of the school atrium and present their work to their "advisers."
Kids at New Country test better than their peers on the state tests and on the pre-college ACT. The school sends 90 percent of its graduates to college. But that doesn"t tell the whole story. New Country struggles to keep its seniors from leaving. The school"s senior project is demanding — 300 hours of work.
But for some students, New Country offers a rare alternative, a choice they can"t find anywhere else. And the school is constantly visited by educators from around the world looking for new ideas. That"s the foundation of efforts to reform American high schools today — that there"s a need to experiment with an institution that is failing millions of students
小题1:The author mentioned the typical high school in the first paragraph ___________.
A. to tell us what the typical high school is like in USA.
B. to present a sharp contrast with the experimental school, New Country.
C. to introduce the topic, New Country, of the passage.
D. to call on students to register in the typical high school
小题2:The following statements about New Country are all true except________.A．New Country students sit in an open environment that looks a lot like a typical
office. | | B．Students consult with "advisers", who "teach" in the traditional sense. | | C．No bells in New Country, students choose how to spend their time. | | D．No traditional classes, students work on projects they select themselves. |
小题3:Compared with typical high school, New Country is well received for its_________.| A．high test scores | B．alternative | | C．comfortable conditions | D．teaching methods |
小题4:The passage mainly tells us __________.| A．experimental school gets rid of classes and teachers. | | B．typical high school and experimental School. | | C．new schools in future in America. | | D．education reform in America. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:A |
解析
文章向我们讲述了一个没有单独的教室也没有老师的特殊学校。
小题1:推理题。作者首先提出the typical high school就是为了引出文章的中心New Country。
小题2:推理题。根据第4段最后一句they gather at tables in the middle of the school atrium and present their work to their "advisers. 并没有提出这些advisers要教他们。
小题3:细节题。根据文章最后一段第一行But for some students, New Country offers a rare alternative, a choice they can"t find anywhere else.可知B正确。
小题4:主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章讲述了一个没有分开的教室与老师的学校。 |
举一反三
These days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint. In order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO2 are we responsible for?
A new book by Mike Berners Lee, an expert, might be able to help. The carbon footprint looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2 all of the following created: the ingredients, the electricity, the equipment, the travel and commuting of the beer, and the packaging. It’s amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation. And it’s frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.
This can help us decide which beer to drink. From Berners Lee’s calculations, it’s clear that a pint (568ml) of locally brewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2, but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment.
Berners Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work. Nothing is more environmentally friendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what you’ve had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer, our footprint is 65g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the ride, it’s 200g. In fact, bananas are good because they don’t need packaging, they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.
So, does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment? Absolutely not, for a start, if you cycle, you don’t use your car, and the fewer cars on the road, the fewer traffic jams. And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars traveling at speed. Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to hospital. So maybe it’s time for us all to start making some changes. Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer, please.
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．Everything produces carbon dioxide equally. | | B．The imported beer is much better than the local beer in quality. | | C．Actually bananas are good in general because they produce less CO2. | | D．To make our carbon footprints smaller, we should often drink more beer. |
小题2:The underlined word “brew” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “___________”.| A．make | B．put | C．look after | D．take place |
小题3:What’s the main purpose of writing this passage?| A．To tell the differences among bikes, beer and bananas. | | B．To call on us to take action to make carbon footprint smaller. | | C．To introduce what CO2 really is in our life. | | D．To remind us to start healthy eating habits. |
小题4:Where can we probably read this passage?| A．In a science fiction story. | B．In a newspaper advertisement. | | C．In a science research report. | D．In a travel magazine. |
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Many people consider their pets members of the family and are very sad when they die, but what if you could clone your dog, cat or bird?
A scientist in New Orleans, who has proved his ability to clone other animals, is now offering the possibility to pet owners here in Wisconsin．
Scientists have not been able to clone dogs, cats or other pets, but if and when the time comes, several companies will be ready and able to do the job．
The question is: Are you ready to clone your pet? Brett Reggio is betting on it．He is working on his Ph. D at Louisian State University. He"s successfully cloned a goat five times and wants to try the process on family pets． So he started a business called Lazaron． “What Lazaron provides is the first step in the cloning process． ”He said．“It’s for curing and storing the fiberglass cells that will be used for cloning．”
“Your first reaction is yeah! I think I’d like that．” said Donna Schacht, a pet owner．
“I don’t believe you can ever replace a special love,” pet owner Paulette Callattion said．
Most pet owners will tell you freezing your pet’s DNA in hopes of one day cloning it is a personal decision．
Scientists say that cloning your own pet doesn’t mean that the offspring（后代） will have the same intelligence, temperament（性情） or other qualities that your pet has．
小题1:From the passage we know that scientists have ______．| A．tried to clone animals | | B．cloned many kinds of animals | | C．been able to clone pets for people | | D．once cloned goats successfully |
小题2:Brett Reggio started a business in order to _____．| A．clone pets for people | | B．store the DAN of people’s pets for cloning one day | | C．make pets members of a family | | D．collect different ideas on cloning from people |
小题3:Some people seem not interested in cloning pets because___________．| A．they think it would be too expensive | | B．they don’t think scientists will one day be able to clone their pets | | C．they think the cloned pet would not be the one they once had | | D．they don’t want to give any love to the cloned pet |
小题4:If you cloned a pet, your might find that it_____．| A．looked different from the pet you once had | | B．turned out to be another kind of animal | | C．had a different character | | D．were just the same pet your once had |
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People who are hit by lightning and survive often have long-term effects. These may include memory loss, sleep disorders, muscle pain and depression(郁闷).
Experts tell people to seek(寻找) the safety of a building or a hard-top vehicle any time they hear thunder, even if it is not raining. They say lightning can strike as far as sixteen kilometers from any rainfall. Lightning can travel sideways. And at least ten percent of lightning happens without any clouds overhead that you can see.
People who are outdoors should make sure they are not the tallest thing around. Bend(屈身) low to the ground, but do not lie down. And do not stand near a tree or any tall object. Get away from water and anything made of metal. A car is safe, but do not touch any metal inside.
Safety experts say people in buildings should stay away from anything with wires or pipes that lead to the outside. The National Weather Service says if you plan to disconnect any electronic equipment, do so before the storm arrives. Do not use a wired telephone. Do not use water. All these can carry electricity.
Some people think a person struck by lightning carries an electrical charge （电荷） afterward. Experts say this is not true. It is safe to begin emergency treatment.
Each year about four hundred people in the United States are struck by lightning. Last year forty four people died. The average(平均) is close to seventy. The National Weather Service says that is more than the number of people killed by severe storms.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?| A．Lightning can happen even if there is no cloud. | | B．Lightning won’t do harm to people’s health. | | C．Lightning can travel sideways. | | D．Lightning can strike very far. |
小题2:The underlined word “disconnect” (in Paragraph 4) refers to “_______”.| A．cut out | B．interrupt | C．disturb | D．cut off |
小题3:Which of the following mustn’t you do in order to seek lightning safety?| A．Hide in a building. | B．Sit in a car. | | C．Bend low to the ground. | D．Lie under a tall tree. |
小题4:Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?| A．The latest information about lightning. | | B．Some common knowledge about lightning safety. | | C．How lightning comes into being. | | D．Where we should hide in case of lightning. |
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There are some things humans can go without. We can lose a kidney or a lung, an arm or two and still live perfectly well. But some fish put us to shame. They can get by without stomachs.
One such fish is the stout longtom. The group it belongs to carries a more appropriate name: the needlefish. All needlefish lack stomachs. Their ancestors had them, but later they were lost.
The stout longtom can reach 1.3 meters in length, and lives near the sea surface. Like all needlefish, it can jump out of the water to escape its enemies. Tropical fishermen are sometimes injured by needlefish. In 1977, a 10-year-old Hawaiian boy was killed when a needlefish jumped through his brain. The longtom eats smaller fish. It teeth are not good at cutting fish into pieces, so it swallows fish whole.
Ryan Day from Australia and his colleagues wanted to know how the longtom digests its meaty meals without a stomach, so they ran some chemical tests about the fish.
Day’s results show that the longtom can consume food without the help of a stomach. It uses a special material called trypsin that can break down proteins without acid — although the approach is less efficient than using a stomach.
Because it’s a meat-eating animal, the longtom gets a lot of protein in its food, so it can afford this slightly less efficient system for absorbing it. Two plant-eating fish that Day studies actually had higher levels of trypsin in their body, as their food was low in protein.
Day thinks that the longtom and its stomachless relatives might actually have arrived at an energy-saving solution. He says that although the stomach is critical to many kinds of animal, the organ is “a fairly expensive organ to run”. This perhaps explains why some animals have got rid of theirs.
小题1:What does the underlined phrase “get by” mean?| A．Recover. | B．Fight. | C．Hunt. | D．Live. |
小题2:Ryan Day ran the chemical tests in order to find out how the longtom ______.| A．catches smaller fish in the water | B．digests the smaller fish in its body | | C．can jump so high to escape its enemies | D．uses acid to break down the protein |
小题3:What plays a key role in the longtom’s digestion process?| A．Trypsin. | B．Acid | C．The stomach. | D．Protein in its body. |
小题4:Ryan Day’s results show that ______.| A．the longtom can make acid easily | | B．the longtom often waste energy | | C．the longtom’s high-protein food helps its unique way of consuming food. | | D．meat –eating fish have higher levels of trypsin in their bodies than plant-eating fish |
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Let"s face it．No one drinks diet soda for the taste．People drink diet soda in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it．Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect, according to a new study．
Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn"t drink diet soda．"What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain," said Sharon Fowler．
The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the participants were followed for nearly l0 years．
While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations．
Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet soda, they don"t lose weight at all．"We weren"t seeing weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us," said Rogers．
So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet soda, and so over-compensate for the missing calories．
A related study found some sweeteners （甜味剂） raised blood sugar levels in some mice．"Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky," said Helen P．Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas"s school of medicine．"They may be free of calories, but not of consequences．"
小题1:People drink diet soda to _____．| A．enjoy its taste | B．achieve weight loss | | C．stay in fashion | D．gain more energy |
小题2:The new study suggests that drinking diet soda _____．| A．causes people to become heavier | B．helps people to be healthier | | C．makes people much thinner | D．offers people more calories |
小题3:We can learn from the passage that _____．| A．regular soda makes people lose more weight | | B．diet soda does help reduce calories | | C．diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food | | D．most blood diseases come from diet soda |
小题4:The underlined word "They" in the last paragraph probably refers to _____．| A．sweeteners | | B．diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers | | C．sodas | | D．diet sodas and artificial sweeteners |
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