Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is un
题型：不详难度：来源：
Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend (保护) themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal"s teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
小题1:To defend themselves, oak trees use________.| A．chemical means | B．physical means | | C．bitter chemicals | D．sandy materials |
小题2:How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?| A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means. | | B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar. | | C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked. | | D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away. |
小题3:What would be the best title for this passage?| A．Plants and Animals | | B．How Plants Defend Themselves | | C．Attacks and Defenses | | D．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B |
解析
讲述了植物通过各种方法来保护自己。
小题1:推理题。根据第三段第一行Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves。可知有厚的坚硬的叶子，这是物理方面的方法。
小题2:细节题。根据倒数第二段第五行This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.
小题3:主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章是关于植物如何保护自己的。 |
举一反三
Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few obvious benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization(文明) has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions(物质财产). Knowledge or techniques have been gained through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive(适应的) ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
小题1:Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?| A．To express his doubts. | | B．To compare different ideas. | | C．To introduce points for discussion. | | D．To describe the conditions on Earth. |
小题2:What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?| A．Humans are nature-born to do so. | | B．Humans have the tendency to fight. | | C．Humans may find new sources of food. | | D．Humans don"t like to stay in the same place. |
小题3:The underlined word "spin-offs" in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.| A．survival chances | B．potential resources | | C．unexpected benefits | D．physical possessions |
小题4:What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?| A．Our genetic makeup. | B．Resources on the earth. | | C．The adaptive ability of humans. | D．By-products in space exploration. |
小题5:What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?| A．Space exploration has created many wonders. | | B．Space exploration provided the best value for money. | | C．Space exploration can benefit science and technology. | | D．The Exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. |
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Cellphones: is there a cancer link?
Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, power lines and wi-fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumors.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the university at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95 percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia(白血病). Also there’s a greater than 90 percent chance that cellphones can cause brain tumors. “It’s apparent now that there’s a real risk,” said Carpenter.
But others believe these concerns are unjustified. Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology(流行病学) at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet. “We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger.”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs(电磁场) and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk.
小题1:From the passage we can learn that some people are worried because .| A．they have evidence the use of cellphone can lead to cancer. | | B．they make a fuss over cellphone use. | | C．some expert has given a warning. | | D．cellphones are responsible for brain tumors. |
小题2:By saying “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” Dr Martha Linet has the idea that .| A．the worrying is unnecessary. | | B．cancer-warning labels should be on cellphones. | | C．there is a link between cellphones and cancer. | | D．cellphones have nothing to do with cancer. |
小题3:The underlined word “underway” is closest in meaning to .| A．started. | B．kept on. | C．gone on. | D．in progress. |
小题4:Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards the debate?| A．Optimistic. | B．Objective. | C．Disapproving. | D．Casual. |
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Hello, you guys! Do you want to make e-pals via the Internet and have fun? Here’s some advice for you to follow. First take a look at www. Spoton. Community. Click on international pen-pal sites to find some of our favorite international e-pal and pen-pal web sites. Don’t forget: some e-pal services cost money and some are safer than others. Remember to read a web site safety warning before you join!
KidFu （www. Kidfu. com）says it is the safest place online for kids to chat, play games and make friends. Get your parents to help you register and then you can write things about yourself or read what other kids have written. There’re also chat monitors that make sure that the online chat rooms are safe and friendly. KidFu costs money, but the first month is free.
If you join e-PALS （www. Epals. com), you can choose a pen-pal from over 65,000 kids from 191 countries. You can also find information about how teachers can get pen-pals for their pupils. Or if you want to start sending e-mails right now, go to Europe Pages（www. europa-page. com）. Lots of young people have written their names, interests, home countries and their e-mail addresses. Just click on a name and start writing!
Well, however, there are tips that you should keep in mind: never be absorbed in the line for too long, so stay there not more than 2 hours once. Never go out with your pals without your parents’ permissions. Let your parents know about what you are doing. Then, have fun!
小题1:If you want to choose a safer web site, you"d better click on .| A． www. europa-page. Com | B．www. Spoton. de | | C．www. e-pals. com | D．www. Kidfu. com |
小题2:A teacher can visit to help his/her pupils to get pen-pals. | A．KidFu | B．Europe Pages | C．e-PALS | D．spoton. community |
小题3:The advantage of Europe Pages is that .| A．you can start sending your e-mails immediately | | B．you can choose more pen-pals from many countries | | C．it is free and you can find names of different countries | | D．it is the safest one among all the web sites |
小题4:A chat monitor mentioned in Paragraph 2 is probably .| A．a person in the web site to give safe online advice | | B．a police officer to keep order in the chat rooms | | C．an engineer in charge of controlling the chat | | D．a software to keep online chatting clean and safe |
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回答问题
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. But how do I know when I have found a good friend? I think a good friend should have certain good qualities(品质), especially understanding, honesty and reliability(可靠).
Above all , I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Sometimes you will meet “fair weather friends”. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. So, I think another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he is in trouble, I will do my best to help him. If I need a favor, he will not run away from me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a friend!
58. According to the writer, what good qualities should a good friend have? (回答词数不超过5个)
59. What will you do when your good friend is in trouble? (回答词数不超过8个)
60. What is the meaning of understanding in a friend according to the writer’s opinion? (回答词数不超过18个) |
A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honors a person can receive. As you know, the prizes were started by a Sweden called Sweden Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and lived from 1833 to 1896.
Alfred Nobel was a chemist and inventor. He made two important inventions, so he became very rich. Although he was rich, Nobel was not a happy man. He never married or had children. Also, he was a sick man in large part of his life. Nobel died at the age of sixty-three. When he died, he left a fund of $9,000,000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding achievement in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the promotion(促进)of the world peace.
The first Nobel Prize were given on December 10th,1901, five years after Nobel’s death. Many famous people all over the world have been given Nobel Prizes for their achievements. Albert Einstein was one of them.
Each prize has three parts. The first part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma saying that he has been given the prize. The third part of the prize is a large amount of money---about $40，000.
Often a prize is given to just one person, but not always. Sometimes a prize is shared. It might be given to two or more people who have worked together. It is also sometimes true that a prize is not given at all if there is no outstanding achievement. In 1972, for example, not a Nobel Prize was given. It is the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm that decides whether to give the prize or not.
小题1:Most people think that Nobel Prize is ____ a person can receive.| A．the highest honor in the world | | B．one of the highest international honors | | C．a higher honor than others | | D．as high as any other honor |
小题2:Alfred Nobel who started the Nobel Prize was _____.| A．a rich, happy and lucky man | | B．a poor, unhappy and unlucky man | | C．a poor, happy and lucky man | | D．a rich unhappy and unlucky man |
小题3:A Nobel Prize is made up of ___.| A．a gold medal and a large amount of money | | B．a gold medal and a diploma | | C．a gold medal and a diploma and a large amount of money | | D．a diploma and a large amount of money |
小题4:A Nobel Prize is given to ___ each year.| A．just one person | B．one person | | C．not always one person | D．three persons |
小题5:When he died, Nobel left an amount of money ____.| A．to his wife and children | | B．to the university he used to study in | | C．to his parents and his studies | | D．to be spent on setting five prizes |
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