If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how t
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If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.
If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses" convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that"s God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he"s a doctor."
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it"ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman"s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn"t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff(即兴的)remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it"s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don"t succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
小题1:To make your humor work, you should ________.| A．take advantage of different kinds of audience | | B．make fun of the disorganized people. | | C．address different problems to different people. | | D．show sympathy for your listeners. |
小题2: The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.| A．impolite to new arrivals. | | B．very conscious of their godlike role. | | C．entitled to some privileges. | | D．very busy even during lunch hours. |
小题3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.| A．have benefited many people. | | B．are the focus of public attention. | | C．are an inappropriate subject for humor. | | D．have often been the laughing stock. |
小题4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.| A．in well-worded language. | B．as awkwardly as possible. | | C．in exaggerated statement. | D．as casually as possible. |
小题5: The best title for the text may be ________.| A．Use Humor Effectively. | B．Various Kinds of Humor. | | C．Add Humor to Speech. | D．Different Humor Strategies. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题1:B
小题1:D
小题1:D
小题1:A |
解析
| 略 |
举一反三
Learning new words is learning new ideas: High school students can take control of
their learning by always looking up new words and finding out what they mean. They should keep a dictionary and a thesaurus close at hand.
Make clear lists: Students should make a list of everything that they need to get done. They should check off assignments（作业）once completed. They should include clear due dates.
Make a commitment: Active learners will resolve to keep up –to-date from the start. They will avoid procrastinating. They will complete most of their work as early as possible.
Independent work is best: Students will do all assignments independently—they will never copy! Students who copy are passive learners. Passive learners do not give their mind a chance to think on its own.
Organization is key: Students should keep an excellent folder and notebook. All problems should be clearly stated and solutions given. All tests and quizzes should be corrected and used as study guides for exams and finals.
All actions without solutions are dead: Active learners will always show their work needed to solve a problem. Active learners will never turn in a list of answers without giving an explanation or a solution.
Advanced reading: Students should do any required reading for the topic before class. They should write an outline of the section or chapter. They should actively take notes as they read to help them remember.
小题1:If you want to be successful in exams and finals you should .| A．give your mind a chance to think on its own | | B．check off your papers once completed | | C．keep an excellent folder and notebook | | D．hand in your homework on time |
小题2:What does the underlined word” procrastinating” mean?| A．be active doing something | | B．finishing doing something | | C．delaying doing something | | D．doing something ahead |
小题3:The best title of the passage is “ ”.| A．How to Be an Effective Reader | | B．How to Get Good Scores in Tests | | C．How to Collect Academic Information | | D．How to Actively Study in High School |
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Imagine that the genome (基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. This is an enormous document. A huge volume, a cook book of great length, and it all fits inside the extremely small nucleus (核) of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin.
The idea of the genome as a book is not, strictly speaking, even a metaphor (比喻), It is true to a great extent. A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and defined by a code that translates a small alphabet of letters into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome. The only complication is that all English books read from left to right, while some parts of the genome read from left to right, and some from right to left, though never both at the same time.
While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters. Genomes are written entirely in three-letter words, using only four letters, And instead of being written on flat pages, they are written on long chains of DNA molecules (分子), The genome is a very clever book, because in the right conditions it can both photocopy itself and read itself.
小题1:How do human genomes read according to the passage?| A．Only from left to right. | B．Only from right to left. | | C．From both directions at the same time | D．From one direction at a time |
小题2:We can learn from the passage that the human genome ______.| A．is as long as the River Danube | | B．can be easily placed on the head of a pin | | C．is coded with and alphabet of four letters | | D．is smart enough to read and take photos of itself |
小题3:It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ______.| A．specialists in the field | B．general readers | | C．natural scientists | D．readers with academic background |
小题4:The real purpose of the author’s comparison of the genome to a book is ______.| A．to focus on the differences between the two | | B．to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two | | C．to simplify the concept of the human genome | | D．to give an exact description of the human genome |
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What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive． ”
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, “These are often celebratory riots— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly． ”
Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel anonymous — no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality．”
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them． ’ ”
Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties．” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly． ”
小题1:Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs? | A．There’s a connection between violence and sports | | B．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol． | | C．There are many reasons for violence at sports events． | | D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion． |
小题2:Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?| A．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy． ” | | B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing． ” | | C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them． ” | | D．“ No one knows I’m doing this． ” |
小题3:How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?| A．Two． | B．Four． | C．Three． | D．Five． |
小题4:The last paragraph is mainly about ______．| A．how to turn games into big parties | | B．why to install cameras in stadiums | | C．how to prevent violence at sports events | | D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly |
小题5:What lesson can we learn from this passage?| A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are． | | B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet． | | C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something． | | D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there． |
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Two thieves came to a house to steal something. They dug a hole in the wall of the house.
There lived many mice in the house. The woman in the moonlight saw a mouse crawl(爬行) into the house. “Look! In comes one,” she said to the man in the house. The thief was so frightened that he hurriedly crawled out of the house and said to the one waiting outside, “She found me when I was just in.” But the thief outside didn’t believe him, so he said, “Let us try to crawl into the house together.” At that time two mice happened to crawl into the house, too. The woman saw the mice and shouted, “In come two, catch them!” The two thieves were terribly frightened. The man in the house said, “You saw them come in but where are they? I will catch them tonight.” The two thieves started running away at once.
The two thieves wanted to make it clear whether they had been found or not the night before. The next day they acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house. The man and the woman were ploughing in their fields. The rope broke and the woman came home for a rope. She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some. She picked out two which looked like mice. At the time the man couldn’t wait for her any longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to hurry her up. The woman showed the sweet potatoes to the man and said, “How they look like the two of last night.” The man said, “I asked you to fetch a rope, why don’t you hurry for it?” The two thieves ran away very quickly without their sweet potatoes.
小题1:The two thieves failed to steal anything from the house because _____.| A．they were found out | | B．they were frightened by what they had heard in the house | | C．they didn’t work together well with each other | | D．mice stopped them from doing so |
小题2:From the last paragraph, we know that _____.| A．the two thieves were famous selling sweet potatoes | | B．the woman recognized the two thieves | | C．the woman pretended to know nothing about the two thieves and made fun of them | | D．the two thieves didn’t know that they were not found at all |
小题3:When the woman said, “How they look like the two of last night,” _____.| A．she referred to the two thieves | B．she meant nothing | | C．she said it on purpose | D．she referred to the mice |
小题4:The best title for the passage may be ____.| A．Two Clever Thieves | B．Terrible Mice | | C．Hit the Mark by a Fluke | D．A Clever Couple |
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You may know the English letters A, B and C. But do you know there are people called ABC? You may like eating bananas. But did you know there is a “banana person”? How strange! Are these people from “another Earth”? No. They are just Chinese people like you and me.
ABC means American-Born Chinese. An ABC is a Chinese, but was born in the United States. Sometimes, people call an ABC a “banana person”. A banana is yellow outside and white inside. So, when a person is a banana, he or she is white inside—thinking like a Westerner and yellow outside—looking like a Chinese.
Do you know why? Usually, ABCs know little about China or the Chinese language. Some of them don’t speak Chinese.
But if ABCs cannot speak Chinese, can we still call them Chinese people? Yes, of course. They are Chinese. They are overseas (海外) Chinese. These people may be citizens(公民) of another country like the US, Canada or Singapore. But they have Chinese blood. Their parents, grandparents or even great-grandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair.
But they are not Chinese citizens. They are not the people of the People’s Republic of China. For example, we all know the famous scientist C.N. Yang(杨振宁). He got the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957. The Chinese love him, but he is an American citizen.
小题1:What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?| A．He wants to tell us something about “ABC”. | | B．He wants to show that Chinese are well respected in America. | | C．He wants to tell us some knowledge about the English language. | | D．He wants to introduce the American culture to us. |
小题2: Chinese in Western countries are called “banana persons” because ____.| A．their bodies are white inside but yellow outside | | B．they think like Westerners but look like Chinese | | C．they were born in China but go to study in America | | D．they like to eat bananas |
小题3:C.N. Yang is mentioned here to show that ____.
A. American Chinese are great. B. we love American Chinese
C. The Chinese can win Nobel Prizes D. American Chinese are not Chinese citizens |
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