Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed i
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Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as much as 3,000 million years. When we think of the first thing on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but in fact no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessity, since they, the plants, are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy.
The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae（海藻）which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce. Once the move to land had been made, however, evolution（进化）took place quickly. By the end of 100 million years, plants had developed their roots（根）,and some had got tree -like forms since height was very important in gaining sunlight. About 300 million years ago, much of the world was covered with forests of huge trees. In most ways they were like modern trees. They had roots, leaves, wood, but mostly they had not developed seeds.
小题1:The main idea of the first paragraph is ________.| A．life on land probably began 430 years ago | | B．the first animal on land came from oceans | | C．there wouldn"t be animals without plants | | D．plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy |
小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?| A．Algae has existed for more than 430 million years. | | B．It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land. | | C．Plants get food from animals in the oceans. | | D．Evolution began after animals appeared on land. |
小题3:Plants with roots appeared about ________ million years ago. 小题4:According to the passage, ________ appeared earlier than ________.| A．apples; oranges | B．oranges; apples | | C．oranges; roses | D．algae; wheat |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D |
解析
小题1:第一段有这句话：no animals could have been living if plants hadn’t been on land first.
小题2:第一段说陆地上的生命出现于430 million years ago，第二段说海藻是最早的植物。
小题3:最早出现的植物在四亿三千万年前，一亿年后植物开始生根，即三亿三千万年前。
小题4:从第二段最后可知，长根的植物比结子的植物要早,因此选D。 |
举一反三
The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state 36 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 37 . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 38 out any necessary fact.
In writing a letter of application, keep in 39 that the things a possible employer is most
40 to want to know about are your qualifications（条件）, your achievements and your aims.The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 41 the first few sentences fail to 42 the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be 43 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not 44 your own need or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your 45 in today"s paper. ”you might say“I have made a careful 46 of your advertising during the past six months” or “I have made a survey in my neighbourhood to find out how many housewives 47 your product and why they like it.”
Try to 48 generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 49 . College graduates looking for their first positions often ask“ What can I 50 in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 51 has. ”The answer is that everything you have ever done is 52 .
It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 53 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 54 is to enclose（内附）a stamped, self - addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it 55 for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
36．A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily
37．A. found B. done C. known D. heard
38．A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking
39．A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind
40．A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able
41．A. While B. Although C. As D. If
42．A. pay B. win C. show D. fix
43．A. kept B. continued C. written D. read
44．A. to B. for C. into D. from
45．A. advertisement B. report
C. article D. introduciton
46．A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion
47．A. change B. make C. sell D. use．
48．A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain
49．A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting
50．A. offer B. supply C. mean D. provide
51．A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager
52．A. success B. development C. practice D. experience
53．A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get
54．A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea
55．A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. safer |
Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air， water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air， water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us.
If you look carefully at the plants around you， you will find that there are two kinds of plants： flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed， some have two， three or four， and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（胚芽）。 Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places， they usually grow into new plants.
62.小题1:The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.| A．plants are important for life | B．plants cannot grow without air | | C．there are many plants in the world | D．we can not live without water |
63.小题2:What can we infer（推断） from the passage ？| A．Of all living things animals are most. | B．Spores are seeds. | | C．All fruits of flowering plants have seeds. | D．Without plants，man will die out. |
64.小题3:What is the meaning of the underlined word?| A．Kept. | B．Guarded. | C．Prevented. | D．Surrounded |
65.小题4:This passage may be taken from______.| A．a medicine book | B．a novel | | C．a science magazine | D．an experiment report |
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阅读下面短文，简要回答问题。
Baloney is a kind of sausage that many Americans eat often. The word also has another meaning in English. It is used to describe something—usually something someone says—that is false or wrong or foolish.
Baloney sausage comes from the name of the Italian city, Bologna. The city is famous for its sausage, a mixture of smoked, spiced meat from cows and pigs. But, boloney sausage does not taste the same as beef or pork alone.
Some language experts think this different taste is responsible for the birth of the expression baloney. Baloney is an idea or statement that is nothing like the truth...in the same way that baloney sausage tastes nothing like the meat that is used to make it.
Baloney is a word often used by politicians to describe the ideas of their opponents.
The expression has been used for years. Fifty years ago, a former governor of New York State, Alfred Smith, criticized some claims by President Franklin Roosevelt about the successes of the Roosevelt administration. Smith said, “No matter how thin you slice it, it is still baloney.”
A similar word has almost the same meaning as baloney. It even sounds almost the same. The word is blarney. It began in Ireland about 1600.
The lord of Blarney castle, near Cork, agreed to surrender the castle to British troops. But he kept making excuses for postponing the surrender. And, he made them sound like very good excuses, “this is just more of the same blarney.”
The Irish castle now is famous for its Blarney stone. Kissing the stone is thought to give a person special powers of speech. One who has kissed the Blarney stone, so the story goes, can speak words of praise so smoothly and sweetly that you believe them, even when you know they are false.
73.小题1:Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “baloney”.
74.小题2:According to Americans, what does baloney refer to? (回答词数不超过8个)
75.小题3:What do you know about the lord of Blarney castle, near Cork? (回答词数不超过6个)
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Before a new type airplane goes service, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more of into important than the others.
The first is called the “tank test”. A modern airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure(压力)on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode in the sky. To test the structure of the plane, the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger.
The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. The test must find out exactly what happens when the engines(发动机) are all shut off at once. The plane begins to fall like a stone. It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.
小题1:By doing the “tank test”, the engineers can find out ____.| A．the amount of air in the plane | B．the strength of the plane structure | | C．the pressure inside and outside the plane | D．the power of the airplane engines |
小题2:What will happen to the plane under the “tank test”?| A．It will be broken | B．It will be made stronger. | | C．It will be filled with water. | D．It will be tested by pilots. |
小题3:According to the text, why are test flights most dangerous?| A．The plane may explode in the air | B．The pilot may lose control of the plane. | | C．The engines may be damaged. | D．Too much air may get into the plane. |
小题4:What might be the most suitable title for the text?| A．Two Important Tests on Airplane | B．The Importance of Flying Safety | | C．The Danger of Testing Airplanes | D．How Airplanes Are made and Tested |
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If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” demands people who are flexible(灵活的) and who have good communication skills.
There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature(特点) of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.
Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as “very important”, by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.
Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study.
小题1:By saying that “you may have had the last laugh” in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have____.| A．shared the jokes with computer majors | B．earned as much as computer majors | | C．found jobs more easily than computer majors | D．stopped joking about computer majors |
小题2: Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates ___.| A．are ready to change when situations change | B．are better able to deal with difficulties | | C．are equally good at computer skills | D．are likely to give others pressure |
小题3:The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means ___.| A．keep for some time | B．successfully get | C．immediately start | D．lose regretfully |
小题4:According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs?| A．Willingness to take low-paid jobs. | B．Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge. | | C．Skills in expressing themselves. | D．Part-time work experience. |
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