阅读理解 Fish have ears. Really. They"re quite small and have no opening to the

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阅读理解     Fish have ears. Really. They"re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound
through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining
fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths.
   As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸钙).
By looking through a microscope (显微镜) and counting (数) these rings, Thorrold can determine the
exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly
rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish"s age, just like the growth rings of a
tree.
Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They"re
examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring.
     The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on
any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says
something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within
each otolith ring.
   Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water
of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history.
   In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have
successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many
hundreds of miles.
   This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts (行踪) of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists
are now lending Thorrold their ears.

1. What can we learn about fish ears from the text?

A. They are small soft rings.
B. They are not seen from the outside.
C. They are openings only on food fish.
D. They are not used to receive sound.

2. Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?

A. Trees gain a growth ring each day.
B. Trees also have otoliths.
C. Their growth rings are very small.
D. They both have growth rings.

3. Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings?

A. The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.
B. Chemical contents (含量) of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim.
C. We can know more about fish and their living environment.
D. Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is.

4. How would you understand "fish scientists are now lending their ears"?

A. They are very interested in Thorrold"s research findings.
B. They want to know where they can find fish.
C. They lend their fish for chemical studies.
D. They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears.

答案

1-4: BDCA

举一反三

阅读理解                                           Autumn blues? Let the sunshine in.
    Falling leaves, whithering flowers, sold winds, faint sunshine.   1 Spirits can be low.
     People who suffer from " the autumn blues" often are extremely exhausted , lack energy, need more
sleep, feel increased appetite and gain weight.
    " The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder
(SAD), is not known yet," says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. " But
recent studies indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused
by changes in the availability of sunlight."
     One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates mood,
sleep, and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter.   2  Another theory is that brain chemicals
that transmit information between nerves may be altered(改变) in individuals with SAD. It is believed
that exposure to light can correct these imbalances.
      "      3   Remember, spring always lives in your heart," Chen says.
      Here are some tips to deal with autumn depression.
1.Go outdoors and get some sunlight. More around. Fresh air and exercise improve the respiratory( 呼
吸) system and blood circulation and regulate the nerves system. Thus , exercise is calming and relieves
one"s mood.
2.Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation.
3.   4  Chocolate and sugar raise the spirits.
4. Look at bright colors, such as red and orange.
5. 5   Blooming plants are cheering
6.Call friends or family when you feel lonely or depressed. Recall some happy memories.

A. Exposure to light  may reset the biological clock.
B. Decorate your room and work space with flowers
C. It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy.
D.That is the way you can use to lighten yourself.
E. Keep a chocolate bar in your pocket.
F. For many people ,late autumn can be a season of gloom and depression. Autumn always gives
   us a beautiful scene.

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阅读理解     A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you combine the two to do
something for your local environment? As early as next year it may well be possible. When you have
finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to
flower.
     A biodegradable (生物可降解的) mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists. It is hoped
that the new type of phone will encourage consumers to recycle (再利用). Scientists have come up with
a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic, but overtime it can break down into
the soil without giving out any poisonous chemicals. British researchers used the new material to develop
a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this cover turns into waste, it forms nitrates (硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow. "We"ve only put sunflower seeds into the cover so far.
But we are working with plant experts to find out which flowers will perform best. Maybe we could put
roses in next time." said one scientist.

As phone technology is developing so quickly people are constantly throwing their mobiles away. This
means producers are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones
have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal
and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can offer some relief for nature,
according to the scientists. "The seed is released and the flower grows in the pot so you don"t have to
concern yourself with the phone when you have finished using it," said Kerry Kirwan, the leader of the
research team.

1. After you have finished using the new type of mobile phone, _______.

A. the sunflower seed will come out and flower in the pot
B. the phone cover will break down very soon in the soil
C. it will be recycled by the producers
D. it can charge itself with electricity in a green way

2. This type of research is done because ________.

A. the technology of making phones is changing rapidly
B. too many waste mobile phones may lead to environmental problems
C. nobody has ever thought of recycling mobile phones
D. producing mobile phones uses a lot of energy

3. We can infer from the story ________.

A. the new type of mobile phones is already on the market
B. the new type of mobile phones will sell extremely well
C. the material of the new type of phones is harmful
D. other flowers may be used in the new type of mobile phones

题型：黑龙江省期中题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解     Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but
have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still
swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still
ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the
words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember
the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
     One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned
something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will Remember it
      In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and
playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind
ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as
     Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
    The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. that we
forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things
we overlearn in childhood.
     The law of overleatning explains why crammingJ(突击学习)for an examination, though
it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By
cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is
likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is
really necessary for one"s future development.1.What"the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words."
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.2. The author explains the law of overlearning byA. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables isA. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies4.What is the author"s opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It"s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It"s possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students" learning interest.

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阅读理解                                           The Basics of Math-Made Clear
     Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of
more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of
arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.
     The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various
mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical
topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.
     Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more
troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The
lectures offer students the chance to "make sense" of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so
frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about
this amazing-and completely understandable-field of study.
     By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They
will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more
confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and
exciting mathematical challenges.
     Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as "the best math teacher in
America," is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make
them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master
in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.
     With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics
at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for
future primary school teachers.
     If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other
course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.1. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?A. Algebra.
B. College Mathematics.
C. Arithmetic.
D. Mathematics Education.2. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability.
B. Additional presentation skills.
C. More mathematical confidence.
D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.3. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.
B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.
C. He works in Georgia State University.
D. He specializes in training teachers.4. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report.
B. A book review
C. A lesson plan.
D. An advertisement

题型：北京高考真题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解                                                    Decision-making under Stress
     A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the
advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的)
consequences of a decision.
     The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
     "Stress affects how people learn," says Professor Mara Mather. "People learn better about positive
than negative outcomes under stress."
     For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either
rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give
a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by
having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the
rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn"t gone
through the stress.
     This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking
a cigarette while under stress -at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes
to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are
rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
     The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women.
While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their
responses to risk turn out to be different.
     Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment
while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big,
men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
     This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help
explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the
risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.A. ways of making choices
B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments
D. responses to suggestions3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks

题型：北京高考真题难度：| 查看答案