阅读理解 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they
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Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will Remember it In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overleatning explains why crammingJ(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one"s future development. |
1.What"the main idea of Paragraph 1? |
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words." D. Stories for children are easy to remember. |
2. The author explains the law of overlearning by |
A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples |
3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is |
A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies |
4.What is the author"s opinion on cramming? |
A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. It"s helpful only in a limited way. C. It"s possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students" learning interest. |
答案
1-4: ADAB |
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The Basics of Math-Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to "make sense" of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing-and completely understandable-field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as "the best math teacher in America," is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. |
1. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? |
A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education. |
2. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? |
A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers. |
3. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? |
A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State University. D. He specializes in training teachers. |
4. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? |
A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement |
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Decision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision. The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. "Stress affects how people learn," says Professor Mara Mather. "People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress." For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn"t gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress -at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled. The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win. This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction. |
1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______. |
A. keep rewards better in their memory B. recall consequences more effortlessly C. make risky decisions more frequently D. learn a subject more effectively |
2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______. |
A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions |
3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______. |
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits B. men have a greater tendency to slow down C. women focus more on outcomes D. men are more likely to take risks |
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根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __1__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you"re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __2__ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __3__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __4__ "Academics are important. But if you don"t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won"t be as successful in work or in your love life," she says. What"s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __5__ To really develop empathy, you"d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a "sharing circle" with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. C. "One doesn"t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking," Freed says. D. Humans learn by example-and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else-both what they think and how they feel. F. Good social skills-including empathy-are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life. G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human-and having empathy is decisive to those relationships. |
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I"m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today"s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are America"s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation-brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things-and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we can"t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It"s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn"t have to ruin your life. |
1. What does the author mean when he says, "we can"t turn the clock back" (Line 1, Para. 3)? |
A. It"s impossible to slow down the pace of change. B. The social reality children are facing cannot be changed. C. Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten. D. It"s impossible to forget the past. |
2. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago ________. |
A. were less isolated physically B. were probably less self-centered C. probably suffered less from anxiety D. were considered less individualistic |
3. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ________. |
A. to provide them with a safer environment B. to lower their expectations for them C. to get them more involved socially D. to set a good model for them to follow |
4. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? |
A. Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with. B. Children"s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.(夸大) C. Children"s anxiety can be eliminated(排除) with more parental care. D. Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature. |
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LOS ANGELES ----Disney"s "The Lion King", one of the most successful animated (动画的) films ever, will roar (咆哮) again this weekend with a 3D version that could put it back at the top of the box office (票房) with a very proud $12million. The 1994 version was the second highest box-office earning film of that year and ranks fourth on the all-time animated list with over $784 million. Hot on the heels of the box office success of "The Lion King 3D", Disney and Pixar are remaking four of their classic animated films in 3D versions for movie theaters. Encouraged by the success of "The Lion King 3D", the movie studio said it would release a 3D version of 1991 animated film. "Beauty and the Beast" in January 2012 for a limited run in movie theaters. It will be followed by Pixar"s sea-adventure "Finding Nemo" in September 2012, the classic 1989 Disney romance "The Little Mermaid" in September 2013, following "Monsters, Inc." In January 2013. "Great stories and great characters are timeless, and at Disney we"re lucky to have a treasure(财富) of both," said Alan Bergman, president of the Walt Disney Studios. "We"re excited to give audiences of all ages the chance to experience these beloved stories in an exciting new way with 3D----and in the case of younger people, for the first time on the big screen," Bergman said in a statement. Since 1994, "The Lion King " has earned some $883 million at the worldwide box office, including recent sales from the 3D version of the beloved story of the African animal kingdom. Disney"s "Beauty and the Beast" and "The Little Mermaid" have so far earned $380 million and $228 million worldwide. Pixar"s 2001 hit "Monsters, Inc." made $526 million worldwide and the 2003 Oscar winning film "Finding Nemo" made more than $867million |
1. By saying "Disney"s "The Lion King"…will roar again this weekend with a 3D version that…" , the author means the film____. |
A. will be popular with young people B. will win success this weekend again C. will be awarded a big prize this weekend D. will shock the people for the huge production cost |
2. Which of the following is the right time order of these 3Dfilms to be released? |
A. The Lion King---Beauty and the Beast ---Finding Nemo--- The Little Mermaid--- Monsters, Inc. B. Beauty and the Beast--- The Lion King---Finding Nemo--- The Little Mermaid--- Monsters, Inc. C. The Lion King---Beauty and the Beast---Finding Nem--- Monsters, Inc. --- The Little Mermaid D. Beauty and the Beast--- The Lion King---Finding Nem--- Monsters, Inc. --- The Little Mermaid |
3. What advantage does The Walt Disney Studio have over the others? |
A. They have better recreation sources. B. The first released 3D films in the world. C. They earned the largest box office and worldwide. D. They have a lot of money and rich experience. |
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? |
A. The Lion King 3D is a larger box-office success than The Lion King in 1994. B. The animated film The Lion King has ever won the Oscar film prize. C. The five animated films mentioned will be or have been remade. D. Most of the animated film audiences are young people |
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