阅读理解。 It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for univers
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| 阅读理解。 |
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their
luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the
biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to
a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh
any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a
medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia
mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of
inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee"s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy
Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of
Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to
university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater
intellectual (知识的) opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a
wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more
attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as
how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed
to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when
they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. "Only
a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university
who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market
than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project." |
| 1. By "a one-way street" (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means _______. |
A. university researchers know little about the commercial world
B. there is little exchange between industry and academia
C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D. few university professors are willing to do industrial research |
| 2. The word "deterrent" (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________. |
A. keeps someone from taking action
B. helps to move the traffic
C. attracts people"s attention
D. brings someone a financial burden |
| 3. What was Helen Lee"s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career? |
A. Flexible work hours.
B. Her research interests.
C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
D. Prospects of academic accomplishments. |
| 4. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________. |
A. do financially more rewarding work
B. raise his status in the academic world
C. enrich his experience in medical research
D. exploit better intellectual opportunities |
| 5. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university? |
A. Increase its graduates" competitiveness in the job market.
B. Develop its students" potential in research.
C. Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
D. Gear its research towards practical applications. |
答案
| 1-5: CABDA |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
Nuclear energy has always been controversial. But since the tsunami and nuclear disaster in
Fukushima (Japan) last year the issue is back in the headlines. And the world is divided- some countries
are planning more nuclear plants, while others have promised to shut theirs down.
After Fukushima, Germany decided to switch off all its nuclear plants by 2022. Switzerland and Italy
are also phasing out nuclear power. But France and the United States remain staunch supporters of
atomic energy. In fact, almost 80% of France"s electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest
percentage in the world. And in the US, the Obama administration said it "continues to support the
expansion of nuclear power, despite the crisis in Japan."
Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear power
doesn"t create greenhouse gases. So, pro-nuclear countries argue that nuclear power allows them to
generate energy without contributing to climate change. Britain"s chief scientific adviser (John Beddington)
supports this view. He recently said that the world doesn"t have the luxury of ignoring nuclear energy.
Nuclear power is also relatively cheap. Renewable energy sources such as solar, hydro and wind power
may be clean, but they"re expensive; and right now, they require a lot of investment. This higher cost of
using "green energy" is usually passed onto the consumer. So, while many people may prefer their energy
to come from a renewable source, not so many are prepared to pay higher energy bills. This is of
particular concern while the world economy is in such bad shape.
The main argument against nuclear energy is that it isn"t safe. For a start, nuclear waste is very difficult
to dispose of, and remains toxic to humans for thousands of years. And even before Fukushima, there
were several high-profile nuclear disasters. The most famous is probably the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, in
the Ukraine. The radiation from the meltdown spread all over Europe, affecting thousands.
The nuclear energy issue is very complex. And it doesn"t look like it"ll be resolved anytime soon. As a
Japanese commentator recently said, "it"s been a bad year for the "nuclear village", but I don"t think they"re down and out yet." The battle continues. |
| 1. Which of the following may NOT be the advantage of nuclear energy over other energy sources? |
A. Nuclear energy doesn"t produce any greenhouse gases.
B. Nuclear energy can help prevent the climate damage.
C. Nuclear energy is more environmental-friendly than other green energy sources.
D. Nuclear energy can save the consumers some money, compared to other renewable energies. |
| 2. What does the underlined word "this " refer to in paragraph 4? |
A. The fact that many people prefer to use the green energy sources while unwilling to pay
higher bill.
B. The cost of using renewable sources
C. The fact that the nuclear power is cheaper.
D. The investment of renewable energy sources |
| 3. In the 5th paragraph, the author takes the case of Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine to _______. |
A. convince the reader that nuclear waste is difficult to get rid of.
B. explain that nuclear waste may remain harmful to humans for thousands of years.
C. persuade the world not to use nuclear energy.
D. support the idea that nuclear energy is not safe. |
| 4. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______. |
A. the Japanese commentator is positive about the future of nuclear energy.
B. the nuclear energy issue will be soon settled.
C. a battle will break out in the future.
D. Japan is considering to build a nuclear village in the future. |
| 5. What is the author"s purpose of writing the passage? |
A. To highlight the danger of using nuclear energy.
B. To introduce some serious nuclear disasters.
C. To show the argument between nuclear supporters and protesters.
D. To give some advice on how to use nuclear energy safely. |
| 阅读理解。 |
It"s a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST): within a week, two
students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings.
Officials from the university are reluctant (不情愿的) to give interviews.
"We had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides," said Zhang Jingyuan,
head of HUST"s center for research and guidance for students" development.
"Media coverage (报导) may arouse some students" negative emotions again. Suicide can be
contagious (传染性的)," Zhang said.
The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.
Advisors and class leaders conducted dorm-to-dorm checks to find students suffering depression.
Then psychologists offered one-on-one counseling to them.
Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers" mental problems and offering help were set up in
front of dorm buildings. Leaflets (传单) carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm.
However, the second suicide came seven days later.
Both students were described as men of few words. Their schoolmates didn"t see anything to indicate
suicide.
Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders. But the school didn"t
know this until the students" close friends outside school and their parents unveiled (揭露) the truth after
the suicides.
According to Zhang, there are only three full-time counselors (心理辅导专家) working in the
university"s counseling center for its 60,000 students. He complained: "It"s unrealistic to rely only on
counselors to detect students" mental problems."
Some universities in the US may be able to offer solutions to Zhang"s worries. They have established
programs to train students to be the bridge between troubled friends and counselors.
At Worcester Polytechnic Institute, at Worcester, Massachusetts, US, young people in the Student
Support Network role play to learn how to detect SOS signals from their schoolmates.
They also practice how to gently persuade emotionally troubled students to go for professional help.
To develop such empathy (同理心), many universities in China have organized campus events to
popularize knowledge about mental health. But these are not that attractive to students.
Ke Juanjuan, 24, is pursuing a master"s degree in English translation at HUST. Ke has found that few
of her peers will pay attention to activities about mental health when they are not troubled by it.
Rather than bombard students with the words "mental health", Ke suggested the school organize
lectures and workshops concerning study, job-hunting and relationships. She explained: "Students care
about these topics. They tend to have problems in these areas and may thus get stuck in depression.
"By helping students better deal with these problems, the school can effectively prevent self-inflicted
injury and suicide among students."
Effective prevention comes from long-term education for life instead of temporary intervention(干预)
to meet an emergency, said Hu Yi"an. Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou
University. He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life.
"Education for life helps students respect and love life so they won"t resort(诉诸) to ending their lives
when they have difficulties," said Hu.
According to Hu, the principles can be incorporated (结合) into everyday teaching. |
| 1. In which column of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage? |
A. Forum
B. Campus
C. Advertisement
D. Culture |
2. Which one of the following is NOT one of the reasons why officials from the university are
reluctant to give interviews? |
A. The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.
B. They had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides.
C. Media coverage may arouse some students" negative emotions again.
D. Two suicides within a week is really a nightmare for the university. |
| 3. The writer mentions Worcester Polytechnic Institute to______. |
A. encourage universities in China to organize campus events to popularize knowledge about mental health.
B. show their students are good at persuading emotionally troubled peers to go for professional help.
C. give an example of the universities in the US that have established programs to train students to be the
bridge between troubled friends and counselors.
D. show that Zhang"s complaint is wrong. |
| 4. Which one of the following sentences is NOT true? |
A. According to Ke Juanjuan, students tend to have problems in study, job-hunting and Relations.
B. Effective prevention comes from temporary intervention to meet an emergency.
C. According to Hu Yi"an, education for life helps students respect and love life so they won"t commit
suicide when they have difficulties.
D. According to Hu, education for life can be incorporated into everyday teaching. |
| 5. What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the passage? |
A. The function of education for life.
B. The ways of education for life.
C. The importance of education for life.
D. How to incorporate education for life into everyday teaching. |
| 阅读理解。 |
It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants
can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat
and those who do not.
In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai
and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants;
Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.
In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or
clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants
detected the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took
longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that
had not been worn at all.
Garment color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw
red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than
running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.
The researchers believe that the elephants" emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to
do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore,
instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive. |
| 1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about Kamba and Maasai people? |
A. Maasai people are a threat to elephants.
B. Kamba people raise elephants for farming.
C. Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters.
D. Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing. |
| 2. How did the elephants react to smell in the study? |
A. They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing.
B. They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.
C. They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented clothing.
D. They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies. |
| 3. What is the main idea of this passage? |
A. Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.
B. Elephants attack people who wear red clothing.
C. Scientists are now able to control elephants" emotions.
D. Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants" emotions very well. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Cyberspace, the connections between computers in different places, considered as a real place where
information, messages and pictures exist, mirrors the real world in many ways. People ask for information, play games, and share hobbies. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even
love.
Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer
screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person"s thoughts-or at least the
thoughts they type-are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat room star.
Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn"t create problems. Identity doesn"t really matter when
you"re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes
the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to
chat? But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They"re looking for serious love
relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of
these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.
Supporters of online relationships state that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other
intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn"t get in the way. But critics of online relationships argue that
no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of
control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image
they want to give. And they don"t have to worry about what their "nonverbal" communication is doing for
their image. In a sense, they"re not really themselves.
All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big
problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it"s easy to let one"s imagination "fill in the
blanks." This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines
an online friend is often quite more different than the real person. So, before looking for love in
cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer
than anything you"ll find on a computer screen." |
| 1. According to the passage, chatting in the cyberspace . |
A. stresses more about people"s identity
B. needs people to be rich in knowledge
C. puts emphasis on people"s thoughts
D. allows people to discuss politics secretly |
| 2. People who are against online dating think . |
A. what is said online is under control of the Internet
B. one may not show the real self in cyberspace
C. the faceless communication is conservative
D. it is hard to protect the other"s identity |
3. By saying "With so many unknowns, it"s easy to let one"s imagination "fill in the blanks"", the writer
means that . |
A. people may be disappointed when they meet in person
B. the Internet makes it easy for people to imagine how others view them
C. the Internet allows people to get more information about their loved ones
D. people usually get to know each other by chance through the Internet |
| 4. We can infer from the last paragraph that Clifford . |
A. demands to develop the computer system
B. believes it hopeless to find love online
C. encourages people to enjoy modern life
D. supports to look for love in the real life |
| 阅读理解。 |
Recently more students are choosing to study abroad as they think it is worthwhile. However, some
people think it is not a good idea. There are a number of disadvantages in studying abroad. The following
paragraphs will explain why students have these views and the advantages of studying abroad will be
discussed.
Students studying abroad may suffer from racial discrimination (歧视). As they left their home
country, they will become part of a minority group in the new country. The majority group may have a
sense of superiority and try to bully them. It is common that Americans or the British discriminate against
people from other countries since many of them think that white people are better than others.
In addition, the students may lose their own cultures. Since they have moved to a new place, all the
thing there - people, lifestyle and the living environment---would be different from those in their own
country. As they will have close contact with the local people and culture, they will be influenced by the
new culture even without realizing it. It is ironic that a Chinese person speaks better English than Chinese
and forgets about Chinese culture after studying abroad for a few years.
On the other hand, studying abroad will widen the view of students. Although they may give up their
own culture, they can really learn from others. As students of the modern world , they should not limit
their scope to their home country, but get exposed to the world. Studying abroad can help them expand
their horizon and learn many things in the host country, as they will meet and make friends with people
from all over the world. So, studying abroad is good for them.
Furthermore, students will learn how to be mature and independent. Students, when in their home
country, usually rely on their parents. Statistics show that Chinese students usually rely heavily on their
parents; they will leave problems alone and ask their parents to solve them. If they are studying abroad,
on many occasions they have to learn how to cope with difficulties they meet. As a result, studying
abroad benefits them.
Moreover, the education system of the foreign country may be better than the home country"s
education system. The home country"s education system is very limited. Many teachers just spoon-feed
their students. They will ask the students to recite a lot of things and then ask them to write them down.
This choice of subjects in school, especially in secondary school, is very narrow; the students cannot
choose what they want most. But in some schools in Britain and America, students can choose from a
wider range of subjects at school. For example, media studies and corporate communications are
courses of study in some schools of those two countries. If students choose to study abroad, they may
have the opportunity to learn more things under a better education system.
All in all, studying abroad will change and influence a student in many aspects. Although it is uncertain
if the effects will be positive or negative, I believe students should seize the opportunity to study abroad
because they will meet many new things and have new experiences in the new country. If they are clever
enough, I think they can find a balance between learning about the new culture and holding onto their
own one. |
| 1. Students studying abroad _____. |
A. will be respected by the locals.
B. will forget their ancestors.
C. may be treated unfair.
D. may have difficulty overcoming homesickness. |
| 2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? |
A. The language environment will shorten the time of learning a language.
B. Students studying abroad may be influenced by the new culture unknowingly.
C. Studying abroad is much more comfortable than studying in your own country.
D. A Chinese studying abroad only needs a few years to speak excellent English. |
| 3. Why can studying abroad widen the view of students? |
A. Because they may give up their own culture.
B. Because they have to solve everything on their own.
C. Because they can recite a lot of things and write them down.
D. Because they can meet and make friends with people from around the world. |
| 4. From the last paragraph, we can know that the writer _______. |
A. agrees that students should take the opportunity to study abroad.
B. thinks that the effects of studying abroad will be positive and helpful.
C. has been to a foreign country to see new things and have new experience.
D. has found a balance between learning about a new culture and holding onto his own. |
| 5. Which of the following can best serve as a title for this passage? |
A. Should students study abroad and work there?
B. Should students leave their own country and study abroad?
C. Should students studying abroad give up their own culture?
D. Should students learn how to be mature and independent? |
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