阅读理解。 The common cold is the world"s most widespread illness, which is plagu
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| 阅读理解。 |
The common cold is the world"s most widespread illness, which is plagues (疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused
by viruses (病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold, and it would be reasonable to expect
the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported
being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of
packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕),cold and wet, showed
no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营),
naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit. England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave
themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put
on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty
room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the
volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
In the cold we have nothing to do with catching colds, but why are they more frequent in the winter?
Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists
is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier
for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors (止痛片) such as aspirin,
but all they do is to relieve the symptoms (症状). |
| 1. The writer offered _____ examples to support his argument. |
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3 |
| 2. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage? |
A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. |
| 3. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _____. |
A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world |
| 4. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _____. |
A. suffered a lot
B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds
D. became very strong |
答案
| 1-4 B C D A |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do
before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken
instructions some time before they can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of
the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will
also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to
considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one
or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since
these can"t be said to show the baby"s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms
of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by
six months they are able to add new words to their store. This selfimitation (模仿) leads on to deliberate (有意
的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point
at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person
means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains
more experience of the world. Thus the use at seven months of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be
dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or
anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has
begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this
ability in an attempt to teach new sounds. |
| 1. Before children start speaking _____. |
A. they need equal amount of listening
B. they need different amounts of listening
C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
D. they can"t understand and obey the adult"s oral instructions |
| 2. Children who start speaking late _____. |
A. may have problems with their listening
B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C. usually pay close attention to what they hear
D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly |
| 3. A baby"s first noises are _____. |
A. an expression of his moods and feelings
B. an early form of language
C. a sign that he means to tell you something
D. an imitation of the speech of adults |
| 4. The problem of deciding at what point a baby"s imitations can be considered as speech _____. |
A. is important because words have different meanings for different people
B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
B. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D. is one that should be completely ignored (忽略) because children"s use of words is often meaningless |
| 阅读理解。 |
"Sesame Street" has been called "the longest street in the world". That is because the television program
by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of American"s exports
soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969.
In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more
than half the nation"s pre-school children, from every kind of economic (经济的), racial (种族的), and
geographical group.
Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers
also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned
from "Sesame Street" are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.
Tests have shown that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited
from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional (偶然的) viewers. In the
US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who
can watch it regularly.
The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,
letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced
in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than to teaching separate letters.
Why has "Sesame Street" been so much more successful than other children"s shows? Many reasons have
been suggested. People mention the educational theories (理论) of its creators, the support by the government
and private (私人的) businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important
reason is that mothers watch it along with their children, This is partly be- cause famous adult stars often
appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel
able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more. |
| 1. "Sesame Street" is actually _____. |
A. a street in the US
B. a program for children
C. a program for teachers
D. a program for students |
| 2. Children who often watch the program _____. |
A. can have problems in school
B. will find it a great help
C. will take no interest in their studies
D. will be well educated |
| 3. What is special about the program? |
A. It offers great fun.
B. It makes children feel able to learn.
C. It is shown at different hours during the week.
D. Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching. |
| 4. Why is "Sesame Street" so popular in the world? |
A. Because it is supported by the government and businesses.
B. Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks.
C. Because mothers watch it along with their children.
D. Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. |
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。 |
In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist
without them. 1_____ But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken
seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers.
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an
international research program. 2_____ That will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads.
The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself, 3_____ Instead, we will have a choice of cars
and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davis, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising
cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air, and caused more deaths than both
world wars put together.
Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices (装置) to regulate (调节) the distance
between one car and another. 4_____ Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train
will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.
By 2020, Dr. David Davis believes,car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever
the weather conditions, by projecting an image (影像) of the road ahead on to the car"s wind-screen.
5_____ Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form" road-trains". "The front
vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount." says Davis. "But all the others in the train would burn about
ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution." |
A. The team there believes that by 2030 all cars will be computerized.
B. They believe that cars will become more important in 20 years.
C. And it will not be owned by one individual.
D. And by 2030, cars will travel in line, linked to each other electronically.
E. So the idea that in 20 years" time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe.
F. Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns.
G. The car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Flying over a desert in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes.
After an hour"s flight one of the scientists wrote in his notebook, "Look here for probable metal." Walking
across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metal." From an airplane
over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word "Uranium".
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic powers for looking down below the earth"s
surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground-using
trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie under the ground on which the trees and plants are
growing.
This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may
affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.
At Watson Bar Creek, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small
branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a
scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was
examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.
Study of the roots, branches and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amount of gold in the roots
and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold
than those growing on the ends of the branches.
If the trees indicated that there was no gold in the ground, the scientists wouldn"t spare money to pay for
digging into the ground. |
| 1. Scientists were flying over a desert or a hilly wasteland or a mountain region to ____. |
A. train their eyes
B. study the trees
C. look for gold
D. search for minerals |
| 2. The study of trees, branches and roots indicated that ____. |
A. there were larger amounts of gold in the branches far from the tree trunk than in the seeds
B. there were smaller amounts of gold in the tree roots deep in the ground than in the branches
C. there were larger amounts of gold in the seeds growing closer to the tree trunk than in the seeds farther
from it
D. there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the leaves on the ends of the branches |
| 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a tree that can help the searchers? |
A. Leaves.
B. Roots.
C. Branches.
D. Seeds. |
| 4. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? |
A. Scientists searching for treasure with special equipment.
B. New methods of doing geological study.
C. Gold could be found in trees and plants.
D. A new method of searching for minerals. |
| 阅读理解。 |
The mobile phone has been a part of our lives since the 1980s. It enables us to stay in contact with our
family and friends at all times and in most areas. However, because of the quick acceptance and extensive
usage of mobiles in our lives, we have missed out on an important step, namely, the appropriate (恰当的)
use.
Driving a car
Do not use your phone while you are driving! You could concentrate on your conversation and forget
to look where you are going, or you could take your eyes off the road to look at the phone"s display or to
press in a number. Either way, you could cause a terrible accident.
In a restaurant
There is probably nothing more annoying than a diner receiving or making a call near you when you are
in a restaurant. The icy glares (冷眼) you receive should be warning enough that it is not appreciated. Turn
your phone off and use your message service to return calls after you leave.
At the cinema
Do not give way to the desire to call a friend if the film is boring, or if you want to find out what happens.
You could become the target of all the angry cinema customers.
At the theatre
There is no more icy glare than that of a theatre goer who has paid a lot of money to see a show and hears
your phone playing a tone. It goes without saying that you will be seen as a socially unacceptable person in
this situation.
In hospitals
This is probably the most important place to make sure your phone is switched off. Your phone can disturb
life-saving electronic equipment in hospitals, so it is necessary that your phone is switched off before you
enter.
On planes
Your phone might disturb navigational equipment and cause a horrible accident so you should switch it off
before boarding a plane. |
| 1. According to the passage, the most annoying thing in a restaurant is that _____. |
A. you receive icy glares
B. a nearby diner is answering a phone call
C. you have to use the message service
D. you can not return calls until after you leave |
| 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? |
A. Theatre goers will not give you icy glares when they hear your phone.
B. When switched on in hospitals, mobile phones could endanger patients" lives
. C. Passengers should switch off the phones before getting on a plane.
D. Pressing in phone numbers when driving could lead to traffic accidents. |
| 3. The passage mainly describes _____. |
A. different functions of mobile phones
B. the overuse of mobile phones on some occasions
C. some areas where message service is forbidden
D. the proper use of mobile phones in some public places |
| 4. What does the underlined word "concentrate on" mean in the article? It means _____. |
A. make something stronger
B. carry on
C. pay particular attention
D. think something clearly |
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