阅读理解。 One of the greatest killers in the Western world in heart disease. The
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阅读理解。 |
One of the greatest killers in the Western world in heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Mdical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work. However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs,however, the U.S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time,modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S.hospitals. The result had been a huge increase in heart surgery. Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention.Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary-because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However,more than 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year. |
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1. What effect has modern technology had on medicine? |
A. It has reduced the costs of medical treatment. B. It has helped save the lives of most patients C. It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgeries D. It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease |
2. "To do this" (in Paragraph 3)means _____. |
A. to help patients recover B. to increase the number of heart surgeries C. to get back the money spent on the equipment D. to buy new equipment for the treatment to heart disease |
3. The author would agree that _____. |
A. more money should be spent on the prevention of heart disease B. heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditions C. modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than before D. the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease |
4. What would be the best title for the passage? |
A. The Greatest Killer in the West B. Heart Disease: Treat or Prevent C. Modern Technology and Heart Surgery D. Heart Surgery:Advantages and Disadvantages |
答案
1-4: CCAB |
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阅读理解。 |
The tower of Big Ben, London"s most famous building, has always leaned (倾斜) slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament. To control the tower"s movement,engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower. The tower not leans an extra few centimeters, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer. Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground ) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion,no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres. To keep the lean within this limit,Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately unde the base of the tower.More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction.The tower"s additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres,but never passed 27.5 millimetres. After the construction work was completed in last 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken. Since 1997,the tower had continued to lean, Burland told Modern Constuction.The latest measurements,taken this year,suggest that the tower"s lean had just reached 35 millimetres.But following regular re-examinations of the tower,experts are sure that the tower has stabilised(稳定). A spokesman for London Underground says: "We understand the tower has stabilised and retuned to its normal movement cycle." From Modern Construction, 16 September 2000 |
1. Which of the following drawings correctly shows how the propping up construction was carried out? |
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2. What does the word " review"(in Paragraph 5) mean? |
A. Observation B. Description C. Discussion D. Re-examination |
3. Why was the propping up construction necessary? |
A. To stop the tower of Big Ben from leaning B. To stop sharp-eyed people from seeing the lean C. To stop the Tower Pisa from leaning too much D. To stop the clock tower from leaning beyond its safety limit |
4. What was the existing lean of the tower at the time when the article was written? |
A. 220 millimetres B. 255 millimetres C. 35 millimetres D. 27.5 millimetres |
5. We can infer from the article that _____. |
A. the tower of Big Ben will damage the Houses of Parliament B. the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland"s opinion C. the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake D. the propping up work has proved to be successful |
阅读理解。 |
A newspaper in Helsinki, Finland, recently published a cartoon of a baby with a mobile phone, telling his parents that his diaper (尿布) needed changing. But it"s hardly a joke. Helsinki is home to Nokia, the mobile-phone maker. It"s one of the most "mobile" cities in the world: About 92 percent of its households have at least one mobile phone. And the kids start young. "A relatively normal age to get a mobile phone is now 7," says Jan Virkki, marketing manager for a mobile-phone company. Among the second graders at the Kulosaari Elementary School, the most popular object of desire this year is not a Barbie or a Gameboy. It is a Nokia mobile phone with a picture of their own choice on the screen. "One of the first things we discuss when school starts is the rules for mobile phones," says Tiia Korppi, a teacher. Among the rules: You have to put it away out of sight. You cannot turn it on. You cannot send text messages to your friends, or play amusing tunes (令人发笑的曲调) in class, or call your parents or call for a pizza during history.
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1. The author uses the newspaper cartoon to show that _____. |
A. he is good at telling jokes B. he cares much for children C. mobile phones are toys for new-born babies D. mobile phones are widely used in Finland |
2. The passage is mainly about _____. |
A. different uses of mobile phones B. a successful mobile-phone maker C. effects of mobile phones on children D. school rules for the use of mobile phones |
阅读理解。 |
If you dream of going someplace warm to escape the cold winter weather, a trip to a recently discovered planet would certainly warm you right up, The planet, named OCLE-TR-56b, has temperatures of more than 3,000 °F. "This is the hottest planet we know about," says Dr. Dimitar Sasselov, a scientist who led the discovery team, "It is hot enough to have an iron fog and to rain hot iron droplets (细沫)" The new planet is 30 times farther away than any planet discovered by scientists before. It is in the Milky Way (银河) but it is not in our solar (太阳的) system The new planet moves around a star much like our sun, however. Seientists discovered the planet by using a new planet-searching method, called "transit technique" They were able to catch sight of the planet when it moved in front of its star, causing the star"s light to dim (变暗). Scientists compare the method to discovering the shadow of a bee flying in front of a searchlight 200 miles away. "We believe the door has heen opened wide to go and discover planets like Earth," says Sasedlov. |
1. We can infer from the passage that _____. |
A. there is iron on the new planet B. we could go to the new planet in winter C. the star could block our view of the new planet D. scientists are studying the weather on the new planet |
2. The "transit technique" can _____. |
A. help dim the light of a star. B. help scientists with a searchlight C. help discover a bee on a planet D. help find a planet moving before its star |
3. Which is the best title for the passage? |
A. New Planet-searching Technique B. New Distant Discovery C. Space Searching D. Dream Planet |
阅读理解。 |
Elephants don"t forget-at least, female (雌性的) elephants don"t. Elephant families are matriarchal. And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group"s survival (生存), according to a study published in April by Karen McComb, a biologist at Sussex University in England. Elephants announce their presence by making a deep, long sound, a practice referred to as contact calling (联络呼叫). An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby. A stranger can cause trouble. Interrupting feeding or disturbing the young. So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller. False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding, so survival may depend in part on getting it right. Working with Cynthia Moss, who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago, McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old. She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls. In fact, a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call. However, families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call. And they gathered together a lot. Moreover, the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results: Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female-reproductive year. This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families. As elephants age, they continue to grow larger,as do their much wanted tusks (象牙). So the older-and wiser-a matriarch is, the greater the chance she will be killed. About 800,000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years.
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1. What does the underlined word "matriarch" mean? |
A. An old member of an elephant family. B. A female head of an elephant family C. A wise elephant. D. A large elephant. |
2. When do elephants form into a group? |
A. When they are feeding the young. B. When they see a familiar elephant. C. When they are giving birth to baby elephants. D. When the leading elephant gives out a warning. |
3. The research with recordings of contact calls shows _____. |
A. how fast elephants form into groups B. how important the age of a leading elephant is C. how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call D. how frequently old elephants call other members of the family |
4. The older a female elephant is, _____. |
A. the stronger she will be B. the poorer memory she will have C. the more useless her tusks will be D. the more likely she will be killed |
5. We can infer from the passage that elephants may _____. |
A. run into other elephant families B. give wrong warnings to their mothers C. run away open hearing a strange sound D. produce more babies by gathering together often |
阅读理解。 |
If there is no difference in general intelligence (智力) between boys and girls, what can explain girls" poor performance in science and mathematics? It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause. Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them. Interestingly, both boys and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine (女性的) and attractive. However, if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses, there are still more high-achieving boys than there are girls. This difference appears to be world-wide. Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too. Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are enoouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding (杰出的) mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers. Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls. They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently. All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence (信心) that they are able to succeed. Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls. |
1. Girls are likely to think that _____. |
A. science courses are for both boys and girls B. science courses make them more popular C. science courses make them successful D. science courses are difficult for them |
2. The text mainly discusses _____ reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientific achievements. |
A. biological B. historical C. social D. personal |
3. What are boys usually encouraged to do at school? |
A. To get help with their homework. B. To play the leading role in class. C. To work with girl students in class. D. To learn to take care of others . |
4. What does the passage say about great mathematicians? |
A. Their teachers did not supply answers to them. B. They started learning mathematics at an earlier age. C. They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years. D. Their success resulted from their strong interest in mathematics. |
5. The author would probably agree that _____. |
A. boys and girls learn in the same way B. boys and girls are equal in general intelligence C. girls are more confident in themselves than before D. girls should take fewer science courses than boys |
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