阅读理解。     Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said th

阅读理解。     Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said th

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阅读理解。     Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would
be "like a magic carpet…You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag". Then he paused:"But
you"ll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel."
     It was a rare-indeed unique-occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor,
William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable,
had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted
into Grout"s Wonderful Bag, a leather case.
     Grout"s aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesn"t that sound familiar? Grout
intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly,
the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grout"s day, tyres were solid, which made the business
of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn"t do the same with a wheel fitted with
a one-piece inflated (充气的) tyre.
     So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer,
Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse (椭圆).
Throughout, the tyre remains inflated.
     Will the young Fitzsimons"s folding wheel make it into production? I haven"t the foggiest idea. But his
inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has
reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It"s as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago: there"s plenty
still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You
can buy a folding bike for less than £1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a
plane-minus wheels, of course-as hand baggage.
     Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew
Ritchie"s imagination? No. But it"s progress. 1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike _____. A. was portable
B. had a folding wheel
C. could be put in a pocket
D. looked like a magic carpet 2. We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable _____. A. were difficult to separate
B. could be split into 6 pieces
C. were fitted with solid tyres
D. were hard to carry on a train 3. We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons"s invention _____. A. kept the tyre as a whole piece
B. was made into production soon
C. left little room for improvement
D. changed our views on bag design 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Three folding bike inventors
B. The making of a folding bike
C. Progress in folding bike design
D. Ways of separating a bike wheel
答案
1-4: ACAC
举一反三
完形填空。     The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students
must   1   sixty hours of service learning,   2   they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic
learning that also helps the community.   3   of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working
in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.   4   a service experience, students must keep a journal (日志) and
then write a   5   about what they have learned.
     Supporters claim that there are many   6   of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced
to think   7   their own interests and become   8   of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life
skills that   9   responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team.  10 , students can explore possible
careers  11  service learning.
     For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary
school classroom a few afternoons each month.  12  there are many benefits, opponents (反对者)  13  problems
with the new requirement. First, they  14  that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects
and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend  15  time studying the core subjects.
Second, they believe that forcing students to work without  16  goes against the law. By requiring service, the
school takes away an individual"s freedom to choose.
     In my view, service learning is a great way to  17  to the community, learn new skills, and explore different
careers.  18 , I don" t believe you should force people to help others-the  19  to help must come from the heart.
I think the best  20  is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of
independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young
adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
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(     )1. A. spend     
(     )2. A. and       
(     )3. A. Subjects  
(     )4. A. With      
(     )5. A. diary     
(     )6. A. courses   
(     )7. A. beyond    
(     )8. A. careful   
(     )9. A. possess   
(     )10. A. Gradually 
(     )11. A. through   
(     )12. A. So        
(     )13. A. deal with 
(     )14. A. argue     
(     )15. A. much      
(     )16. A. cost      
(     )17. A. contribute     
(     )18. A. Therefore 
(     )19. A. courage   
(     )20. A. decision  
B. gain          
B. or            
B. ideas        
B. Before        
B. report       
B. benefits     
B. about         
B. proud        
B. apply        
B. Finally      
B. across       
B. Thus            
B. look into  
B. doubt        
B. full          
B. pay           
B. appeal      
B. Otherwise       
B. desire       
B. purpose    
C. complete      
C. but              
C. Procedures     
C. During          
C. note            
C. challenges    
C. over            
C. tired          
C. include         
C. Luckily        
C. of            
C. Since              
C. point out   
C. overlook       
C. less           
C. care.            
C. attend           
C. Besides        
C. emotion        
C. solution 
D. save            
D. for                
D. Examples      
D. After             
D. notice            
D. features     
D. in                
D. aware           
D. develop         
D. Hopefully      
D. on             
D. While                
D. take down                       
D. admit           
D. more           
D. praise             
D. belong         
D. However         
D. spirit           
D. result    
阅读理解。
     Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do
you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank
or from the nearby fields.
     Components of Soil
     Soil is made up of a number of layers (层), each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The
upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket, limiting temperature changes and reducing water
loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter
called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in
nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed
with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus.
Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
     Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is
gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow, and
rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada, for example, was formed from
weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2,000 years ago.
     Water Beneath the Soil
     Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes, ponds and rivers. Once in the soil or rock,
it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation (渗透).
Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water
cannot percolate.
     As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them
to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.
     Soil pH
     Soil can be acidic neutral or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from
which it was formed and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.
     The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil
fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline, humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils.
When fossil fuels are burned, gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil
increase the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed, soil is less fertile.
Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil, and also become easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called _____.
A. 1itter
B. topsoil
C. humus
D. subsoil
2. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.
C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
3. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies _____.
A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
4. The underlined word "dissolve" is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil
    are _____.
A. rushed away into the river
B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destroyed and carried away by water
D. mixed with water and become part of it
阅读理解。
     The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it proves down
upon you. Air pressure is a wonderful force. When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down
your body. The air all around you does the same. However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice
this. The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer surrounds the Earth, extending
to about five kilometers above the Earth"s surface. 
     The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home. But make sure that you are supervised,
because you will need to use matches. Now for the experiment!
     What you need
     ·A hard-boiled egg without the shell
     ·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg
     ·A piece of paper
     ·A match
     Method
     1) Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle.
     2) Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle.
     3) Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle.
     4) Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle.
     Result
     Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle. Your friends will be amazed when you show them
the experiment. But be careful when you handle matches.
     Why it happened
     As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen (air) in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in
the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air
pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air pressure against the
egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! This proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down
on it.
1. Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?
A. The bottle could break.
B. You need to light the paper with a match.
C. The egg needs to be shelled.
D. The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle.
2. In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can _____.
A. equalize the air pressure inside and outside
B. make a seal in the neck of the bottle
C. finish up the oxygen inside the bottle
D. produce more oxygen inside the bottle
3. How did the egg put into the bottle?
A. The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in.
B. It became salt without the shell.
C. The neck of the bottle was wide enough.
D. The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle.
4. The experiment is carried cut to prove _____.
A. water pushes on your body when you swim underwater.
B. the earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.
C. the pressure of air around us has a powerful force.
D. the air pressure is not equalized around us.
阅读理解。
     A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the
flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
     Grirmsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different
is that it lies under a huge glacier (冰川) of ice up to 12 maters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above
it, which then forms a layer (层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts
pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts.
The lava (岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.
     Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash.
According to KLM. one of Europe"s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going
through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane"s engines, causing damage to the plane.
     The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like
rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash-covered
grass to the sharp object.
1. What makes Grimsvom different from other volcanoes?
A. It is below ice
B. It lies under the sea
C. It is the largest volcano
D. It is lava affects the airlines
2. What keeps Grimsvotn still?
A. The slow flow of water
B. The low water temperature
C. The thick glacier
D. The water pressure
3. Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption?
A. People stop traveling in Europe
B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes
C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside
D. Farmers have lost many of their animals
4. This text is most probably taken from _____. 
A. a research paper
B. a newspaper report
C. a class presentation
D. a geography textbook.
阅读理解。
     Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals, wolves work together
to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different
explanations of a wolf"s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
     One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It"s almost as if howling together helps the pack
stay together. Perhaps something is similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when
singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harington, a professor who studies
wolf behavior.
     Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the
next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may
actually be "punished" for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or
just a way to reconfirm status among its members? - Why do wolves howl for sure?
     What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting
grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens,
howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
     Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will
follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of "roll call" where
wolves all howl together to report their presence.
1. What the possible similarity between wolves" howling together and human"s singing in chorus?
A. The act of calling each other.
B. the sense of accomplishment.
C. The act of hunting for something.
D. The sense of belonging to a group.
2. Why does Harrington think the "social bond" theory may be wrong?
A. Wolves separate from each other after howling.
B. Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
C. Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
D. Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
3. Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to _____.
A. show their ranks
B. find their companions
C. report the missing ones
D. express their loneliness
4. "Howling… is a contagious behavior" (in the last paragraph) means _____.
A. howling is a signal for hunting
B. howling is a way of communication
C. howling often occurs in the morning
D. howling spreads from one to another