阅读理解。 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they"re under attack by i
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阅读理解。 |
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they"re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared (红外线) scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely aim at pesticide (***虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which was sure to include plants that don"t have pest (害虫) problems. Even better, Paley"s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat given out by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paley"s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the increasing concern about pesticides on produce, and improvement in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. |
1. Plants will give out an increased amount of heat when they are _____. |
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A. sprayed with pesticides B. facing an infrared scanner C. in poor physical condition D. exposed to extreme sun rays |
2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to _____. |
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A. estimate the damage to the crops B. measure the size of the affected area C. draw a color-coded map D. locate the problem area |
3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by _____. |
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A. adopting spot-spraying B. consulting infrared scanning experts C. transforming poisoned rain D. detecting crop problems at an early stage |
4. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties of _____. |
[ ] |
A. the lack of official support B. its high cost C. the lack of financial support D. its failure to help increase production |
5. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of _____. |
[ ] |
A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce B. growing concern about the over use of pesticides on crops C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture D. full support from agricultural experts |
答案
1-5: CDACB |
举一反三
阅读理解。 |
Every year when the Italian artist Michelangelo"s (1475-1564, 意大利文艺复兴时期著名雕刻家、画家、 建筑师) birthday comes around, computer users all over the world are filled with fear (害怕) and use their computers with care. Some may even choose not to turn on their computers on March 3. All this fear and care are just because a deadly computer virus is ready to cause damages (破坏) on that day. What"s a computer virus then? Why do people get so afraid of it? A computer virus is, in fact, a little program that is put into other programs and that does something bad. It is called a virus because, like any real-life viruses such as AIDs virus, it reproduces itself. And when these programs are run, the virus is brought to life. It hides itself in your computer system waiting for the right moment to make damages. And at the same time it keeps producing itself by copying itself onto other programs. The Michelangelo virus waits until the artist"s birthday comes around, and then it will wake up to do very bad things like destroying you files (毁坏文档). So next time when you turn on your computer, look out for computer viruses! |
1. The Italian artist Michelangelo _____. |
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A. was born six centuries ago B. was born on March 3, 1475 C. died six centuries ago D. died on March 3, 1564 |
2. Why are computer users full of fear on March 3? Because _____. |
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A. it is the birthday of a famous Italian artist B. a kind of computer virus will come on that day C. a deadly computer virus called "the Michelangelo virus" will wake up and then damages that day D. something will easily go wrong with computers |
3. In fact, a computer virus is _____. |
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A. a program which can be put into computers with some damages to them B. a kind of real-life virus C. a kind of virus like AIDS virus D. also a kind of program which is placed into other programs and which makes damages |
4. In fact, a computer virus is ready to cause damages _____. |
[ ] |
A. any day B. only on March 3 C. on Fridays D. only on some famous artists" birthdays |
阅读理解诶。 |
Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result or a particular situation-for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (长期的) loneliness usually last more than two yeas and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lone people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists (心理学家) agree that one important fact in loneliness is a person"s social contacts, e.g, friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lone people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity. Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition. |
1. How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage? |
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A. Talk to friends B. Just ignore it C. Go to see a doctor D. Ask your teachers for guidance |
2. The topic of the 4th paragraph is that _____. |
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A. lonely people don"t have many friends B. lonely people don"t have many social problems C. one problem of loneliness is a person"s social contacts D. we depend on various people for different reasons |
3. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people? |
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A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness C. Chronic loneliness cannot be overcome D. A, B, and C are all correct |
4. What is the best title of the passage? |
[ ] |
A. Three kinds of Loneliness B. Loneliness and Diseases C. Loneliness and Social Contacts D. Chronic Loneliness |
阅读理解。 |
In America, drivers" education is part of the regular high school curriculum (课程). Every student in his or her second year of high school is required to take a class in driver"s education. However, unlike other courses, it is not given during the regular school year. Instead it is a summer course. The course is divided up into two parts: class time for learning laws and regulations, and driving time to practise driving. Class time is not unlike any other class. The students study the basic traffic laws from a text to pass the written driving test that is given to anyone who wants to get a driver"s license. Driving time is a chance for the students to get behind the wheel (steering wheel) and practise starting steering, backing up, parking, switching lanes, turning corners, and all the other maneuvers (操作) required to drive a car. Each student is required to drive a total of six hours. The students are divided up into groups of four. The students and the instructor go out driving for two hour blocks of time. Thus, each student gets half an hour driving time per outing. The instructor and "driver" sit in the front seats and the other three students sit in the back. After the student has passed the driver"s education course and reached the appropriate age to drive (this age differs in every state but in most cases the person must be 16 years old), they can go to a designated (指 定的) state office to take their driver"s test, which is made up of an eye examination, a written test, and a road test. The person must pass all three tests in order to be given a driver"s license. If the person did well in his or her driver"s education class, he or she will pass the test with flying colors and get a driver"s license. |
1. In America, the driver"s course mentioned above _____. |
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A. is considered as part of the advanced education B. is given to anyone wanting to get a driver"s license C. is carried on at the same time as other courses D. is offered to all the students of Grade 2 in high schools |
2. We can infer that the students are required to _____ in their whole driving practice. |
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A. spend at least six hours driving B. get half an hour driving C. drive for two hour blocks of time D. go out driving for twelve times |
3. Which of the following is Not True for the students wanting to get their driver"s license? |
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A. They must have their eyes examined. B. They must be 16 years of age. C. They should go to have their driver"s test. D. They ought to do well in their driver"s course. |
4. In the last sentence, "with flying colors" means _____. |
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A. happily B. quickly C. colorfully D. successfully |
任务型填空。 |
People who are concerned about pollution will be happy to know that clean and renewable energy sources that protect the environment such as solar energy are becoming possible alternatives. Increasing demand for clean, renewable energy is driving a growing market for solar energy products.. Two of the main types of products that take advantage of solar energy are passive and active solar products. These two types of systems differ in how they are constructed and can also differ greatly in cost. Passive solar technology can be used to heat air or water directly using the sun"s energy. Unlike an active solar application, passive solar set-ups accomplish their task without the use of additional electrical components, such as fans that need an external electricity supply. Some solar space heating or water heating systems are active solar heating systems that have various components that call for external power sources. Because of their simplicity compared with active systems, passive solar heating systems generally are cheaper than active ones. In addition to these solar heating systems, there are also solar power system available. Rather than using the sun"s energy for heating applications, these systems change solar energy into electricity. An important part of these products is called photovoltaic cells, which generate electricity from light. As sunlight falls on a photovoltaic cell, the light"s energy is changed into electricity that can then be used to power many kinds of electronic devices. Because of the complicated technology involved, these kinds of solar power systems can be very expensive. When considering what kind of solar heating or power system to install (安装) in your home or business, be sure to purchase your equipment from a reputable manufacturer who will be able to help you with any necessary repair. |
Solar energy application
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阅读理解。 |
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient. "To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density (密度)", said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. "The radioisotope (放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries." Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe. "People hear the word "nuclear" and think of something very dangerous," he said, "However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems." His new idea is not only in the battery"s size, but also in its semiconductor (半导体). Kwon"s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor. "The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure (晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor," Kwon said, "By using a liquid semicon ductor, we believe we can minimize that problem." Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery"s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair. |
1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon? |
[ ] |
A. He teaches chemistry at MU. B. He developed a chemical battery. C. He is working on a nuclear energy source. D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering. |
2. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4 _____. |
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A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied. B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used. C. to describe a nuclear-powered system. D. to introduce various energy sources. |
3. Liquid semiconductor is used to _____. |
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A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure |
4. Liquid semiconductor is used to _____. |
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A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure |
5. The text is most probably a _____. |
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A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story |
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