Americans value competition. They believe that competition out the best in
题型：不详难度：来源：
Americans value competition. They believe that competition out the best in any individual. They claim that it challenges or even each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. , the foreign visitor will see competition encouraged in the American home and in the American classroom, at the youngest age levels. You may find the placed on competition confusing, especially if you come from a society that promotes cooperation competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in the Third World countries find the lack of competition in a classroom situation equally . They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human qualities only a particularly American or Western value.
| 小题1: | | A．carries | B．brings | C．picks | D．comes |
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| 小题2: | | A．forces | B．causes | C．leads | D．teaches |
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| 小题3: | | A．Particularly | B．Occasionally | C．Consequently | D．Accidentally |
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| 小题4: | | A．even | B．still | C．only | D．already |
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| 小题5: | | A．thoughts | B．interest | C．attitude | D．value |
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| 小题6: | | A．together with | B．rather than | C．in spite of | D．along with |
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| 小题7: | | A．puzzling | B．unacceptable | C．unfortunate | D．discouraging |
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| 小题8: | | A．encouraged | B．respected | C．represented | D．Produced |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:D
小题6:B
小题7:A
小题8:C |
解析
试题分析：本文介绍了美国人的一种存在于课堂上的竞争价值观念，而此种观念并不适用于第三世界国家。
小题1:考查动词词组。Carries out开展，实行；brings out产生出，使显示；picks out挑选出；comes out出现，结果是。句意是：他们相信竞争能使任何人显示出最好的一面。故选B。
小题2:考查动词。Forces强迫；causes引起；leads领导，指引；teaches教。句意是：他们宣称竞争能挑战甚至于迫使人们达到人力所能达到的最好境界。此处现有“挑战”，后有“甚至于”，此处用词更为强烈，故选A。
小题3:考查副词。Particularly特别地；Occasionally，偶尔，间或；Consequently因此；Accidentally意外地。句意是：因此,外国游客会看到竞争在美国家里,在美国教室是被鼓励的。前文提到美国社会看重竞争，因此这种现象上可见，上下文之间是一种传承关系，故选C。
小题4:考查连词。Even甚至；still仍然；only不过，可是；already早已。由句意可知处是对上半句的强调，句意是：甚至是在最小的年龄段都鼓励竞争。故选A
小题5:考查名词。Thoughts思想；interest兴趣；attitude态度；value价值。句意是：你可能会发现至于竞争之上的价值观会混乱。本文体现的是一种观念，故选D。
小题6:考查连词。together with和，连同；rather than而不是；in spite of尽管，不管；along with连同…一起。此句中promotes cooperation促进合作与competition among individuals个人竞争两者是相对的，因此这里的连词是有转折关系选其一，故选B。
小题7:考查形容词。Puzzling使迷惑的；unacceptable不能接受的；unfortunate不幸的；discouraging使人沮丧的。句意是：在第三世界教书的美国人发现在课堂上缺乏竞争是相当费解的。故选A
小题8:考查动词。Encouraged鼓励；respected尊敬，重视；represented代表，表现；Produced产生，制造。句意是：他们很快就认识到他们所认为的人类普遍品质之一竞争仅仅只是代表了美国或是西方国家的价值观。故选D。 |
举一反三
The world would be a better place if we all had children’s eyes. This is not because children’s eyes are too sharp to allow any blot（污点，瑕疵）to pass without being , but because adults have too many conflicting concerns to keep their eyes open to all wrongdoing.
Not long before, an examination, intended to some police officers to higher positions, was held in Gansu province. Someone with a good idea that 18 primary pupils could be invited to act as invigilators (监考人). At that age, students would do as they are told and act fearlessly. , they caught 25 officers cheating on the spot, which has caused a stir (轰动，搅动) and the question of whether adult invigilators would their duties as well.
The implication of this event goes its impact on the work style of local police officers and the examinations. Most people said what these children have done points to the sad fact of being less trustworthy. If adults acted as invigilators, they would quite turn a blind eye to cheating.
We Chinese have been holding the that human nature was good at birth: as of blot as a sheet of blank paper, which can be with content (good or bad) in the process of growing up. Everything should be done on the basis of certain principles(原则). , nowadays the repeated reports of cheating in examinations, selling ranks and and embezzling (挪用) public funds paint a picture of common social morals. Adults have become too concerned with their own personal gains to basic sense of principles. When no one any principle and the only concern is personal interest, everyone will , not only those who first break the rules.
Besides, cheats are unfair to honest examinees, and when the success of cheats more people to cheat, the consequences will be disastrous.
In a word, we adults need to have our eyes as as children’s on matters of principle.
| 小题1: | | A．praised | B．dismissed | C．caught | D．thrown |
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| 小题2: | | A．develop | B．investigate | C．prevent | D．promote |
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| 小题3: | | A．caught up | B．came up | C．kept up | D．put up |
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| 小题4: | | A．Surprisingly | B．Usually | C．Safely | D．Slowly |
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| 小题5: | | A．hid | B．recommended | C．raised | D．affected |
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| 小题6: | | A．accept | B．ignore | C．refuse | D．perform |
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| 小题7: | | A．without | B．beyond | C．into | D．for |
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| 小题8: | | A．tutors | B．pupils | C．adults | D．teachers |
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| 小题9: | | A．probably | B．suddenly | C．luckily | D．gradually |
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| 小题10: | | A．opportunity | B．dream | C．belief | D．hope |
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| 小题11: | | A．free | B．busy | C．ugly | D．dirty |
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| 小题12: | | A．described | B．filled | C．purchased | D．charged |
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| 小题13: | | A．Unless | B．Therefore | C．However | D．Thus |
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| 小题14: | | A．names | B．titles | C．goods | D．products |
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| 小题15: | | A．bright | B．beautiful | C．pleasant | D．sad |
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| 小题16: | | A．care about | B．put aside | C．contribute to | D．come across |
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| 小题17: | | A．understands | B．observes | C．possesses | D．change |
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| 小题18: | | A．act | B．exist | C．suffer | D．survive |
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| 小题19: | | A．advises | B．encourages | C．warns | D．informs |
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| 小题20: | | A．beautiful | B．young | C．wide | D．clear |
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How can you build more word-of-mouth advertising (口碑广告)? In other words, why would your customers want to talk to their friends about their experience of doing business with you?
When you perform your service or deliver your product competently (出色地), you are just doing what the customer expects. In order to increase the number of the customers who want to share their good experience with their friends, you must make your service impressive, going beyond what is expected.
Recently my daughter Dawn and I had lunch with my team members at the Campbell House. The food and service were truly excellent. My daughter asked for her leftovers (剩菜) to be packed. They were returned to her in aluminum foil (铝箔) shaped like a swan(天鹅). Guess what she talked about when she got home? How much more do you think it cost the Campbell House to produce that “Wow!” experience? Answer —not a cent!
Disneyland should be an inspiration to us all in providing a “Wow!” experience. What do people talk to their friends about when they come home? “You should have seen how clean that park was! With all of the people there, it’s unbelievable! There’s not even a gum wrapper on the ground!” Walt Disney understood that cleanliness is marketing.
小题1:According to the passage, customers would like to share their good experience with their friends if ______. | A．what they need is provided on time | | B．the price of the service is low enough | | C．the service is better than they expected | | D．the after-sale service is good enough |
小题2:How did Dawn feel the moment she saw her packed leftovers? | A．Disappointed and angry. | B．Excited and crazy. | | C．Worried and unhappy. | D．Surprised and pleased. |
小题3:By saying “Answer — not a cent!” the author seems to believe that ______. | A．it is always possible to satisfy all of the customers | | B．sometimes it is easy to provide a good experience | | C．most customers are easy to do business with | | D．the service should be as cheap as possible |
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In the Netherlands，cycling isn"t seen as eccrfriendly exercise; it"s part of everyday life, as it"s people"s top choice to school and work. There are more bicycles than residents in the Netherlands. In cities like Amsterdam and The Hague, up to 70 percent of all journeys are made by bike.
So how did cycling become such a popular means of transportation in the European country?
In the 1970s, the Dutch government began to improve its cycling infrastructure（基础设施）due to both a social movement demanding safer cycling condition for children and the oil crisis in the Middle East, when oil producing countries stopped their exports to Western Europe.
To make cycling safer and more appealing, the Dutch have built the widest cycling net- work in the world. The country has over 40，000 kilometers of bicycle lanes and paths，which are clearly marked. They have smooth surfaces，separate signs and lights for those on two wheels. The lanes are wide enough to allow side-by-side cycling and passing.
In many cities the bike lanes are completely segregated（隔离的）from motorized traffic. And in many traffic situations cyclists are given priority（优先权）over drivers. Sometimes， where space is limited and both must share, you can see signs showing an image of a cyclist with a car behind accompanied by the words "Bike Street：Cars are guests".
As young people aren"t allowed to drive alone until they are 18，cycling offers Dutch teen- agers an alternative form of freedom. The government also makes cycling training lessons a compulsory part of the Dutch school curriculum（课程）．
Bike parking facilities are ubiquitous in the country. Cyclists are accommodated in the way motorists are elsewhere. Take Groningen, a city in the northeastern part of the Netherlands，for example. The city"s central train station has underground parking for 10，000 bikes.
小题1:We can conclude that in the Netherlands cycling is____．| A．regarded as eco-friendly exercise | | B．thought of as part of people"s life | | C．looked on as a way to lose weight | | D．considered as a way to entertain |
小题2:What can we learn about the Netherlands from the first paragraph?| A．Most vehicles the Dutch use are buses. | | B．The native people cycle the best in the world. | | C．Everyone has one bike on average in the Netherlands. | | D．The number of bikes is larger than the population there. |
小题3:Which of the following made the government improve the cycling infrastructure?| A．A large number of bikes. | | B．Hope for healthy life style. | | C．People"s preference to bikes. | | D．Children"s safety demand and lack of oil. |
小题4:The underlined word "ubiquitous" in the last paragraph means“＿，，．| A．high quality | B．unique | C．very common | D．special |
小题5:What does the Dutch government do about teenagers cycling?| A．It makes cycling covered by school education. | | B．It encourages teenagers to cycle alone. | | C．It will watch over teenagers who ride bikes. | | D．It suggests teenagers cycling before driving. |
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Have you thought about what determines the way we are as we grow up? Remember the TV program Seven Up ? It started following the lives of a group of children in 1963. We first meet them as wide-eyed seven-year-olds and then catch up with them at seven-year intervals (间隔 ) : nervous 14-year-olds , serious 21-year-olds , then grown-ups.
Some of the stories are inspiring ,others sad ,but what is interesting in almost all the cases is the way in which the children"s early hopes and dreams are shown in their future lives, for example ,at seven ,Tony is a lively child who says he wants to become a sportsman or a taxi driver. When he grows up, he goes on to do both. How about Nicki ,who says, "I"d like to find out about the moon. " and goes on to become a space scientist. As a child, soft - spoken Bruce says he wants to help "poor children" and ends up teaching in India.
But if the lives of all the children had followed this pattern, the program would be far less interesting than it actually was. It was the children whose childhood did not prepare them for what was to come that made the program so inspiring. Where did their ideas come from about what they wanted to do when they grew up? Are children influenced by what their parents do ,by what they see on television ,or by what their teachers say? How great is the effect of a single important event? Many film directors ,including Stephen Spielberg ,say that an early visit to the cinema was the turning point in their lives. Dr. Magaret Mc Allister ,who has done a lot of research in this area ,thinks that the major influences are parents , friends and the wider society.
小题1:What does the text mainly discuss?| A．New ways to make a TV program interesting. | | B．The importance of television programs to children. | | C．Different ways to make childhood dreams come true. | | D．The influence of childhood experience on future lives. |
小题2:In the TV program Seven Up ,we can meet______.| A．different groups of people at different periods of their lives | | B．different groups of people at the same period of their lives | | C．the same group of people at different periods of their lives | | D．the same group of people at the same period of their lives |
小题3: What are the examples in paragraph 2 meant to show?| A．Many people"s childhood hopes are related to their future jobs. | | B．There are many poor children in India who need help. | | C．Children have different dreams about their future. | | D．A lot of people are very sad in their childhood. |
小题4:Spielberg"s story is meant to show that_______.| A．going to a movie at an early age helps a child learn about society | | B．a single childhood event may decide what one does as a grown-up | | C．parents and friends can help a child grow up properly | | D．films have more influence on a child than teachers do |
小题5:What does the writer think of the TV program?| A．Interesting. | B．Crazy. | C．Dull. | D．Serious. |
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Does style really sell? How can the appearance of a product be more important than what it does? The battle between form and function rose again when James Dyson, British inventor of the Dvson vacuum cleaner that has sold in millions around the world, resigned as chairman of London"s Design Museum. It is widely believed that Mr. Dyson felt that the museum put too much stress on style at the expense of serious industrial design.
Mr. Dyson accused the museum of not keeping true to itself. He may be right, but these days, museums everywhere can no longer afford to be unique centers of scholarship and learning. Among competition for sponsorship, they must use exhibitions of populist culture, nice cafes and shops or, best of all, a new building by Frank Gehry to increase visitor numbers.
On the one hand, some producers can be too old-fashioned and too concerned with the importance of product engineering and the functionality of their goods. On the other hand, there are those who believe that how a product looks is more important. Design is indeed a broad term, involving both function and form. Typically, in any given product area, it changes from the former to the latter. Clothing is a good example. But surely you would have to be a very shallow person to think something"s appearance is more important than what it does.
Today nearly all goods at any given price point do much the same job. So almost the only way producers can differentiate their products from those of their competitors is to create some sort of emotional connection with the consumer, which could be through the visual appeal of the product or its packaging, or the imagery(意象) created by advertising. And what of the Dyson vacuum cleaner? Mr. Dyson may believe that people buy these machines because of the graphs showing their superior suction, but most vacuum cleaners do a good job; the main reason people pay extra for a Dyson is that it is a vacuum cleaner with a fashionable brand. With its inside workings exposed, it is a bit like a Richard Rogers building with all its pipes shown in bright colors on the outside instead of being hidden inside. Functional it may be, but it is a bit of a trick, too.
小题1:Mr. Dyson left the Design Museum because he thought the museum .| A．didn"t increase the number of visitors | | B．couldn"t provide scholarships for learners | | C．wasn"t loyal to its original purpose of learning | | D．didn"t have great appeal for serious industrial design |
小题2:What can we learn from Paragraph 4 ?| A．A product with convenient packaging sells well. | | B．The majority of consumers prefer to buy branded goods. | | C．Most similarly priced products are of a comparable standard. | | D．Emotion contributes much to the development of advertising industry. |
小题3:The author believes that people buy the Dyson vacuum cleaner because .| A．it has very good suction | B．it is fashionable | | C．it sells well around the world | D．it is invented by James Dyson |
小题4:What is the author"s attitude towards the form of a product?| A．Optimistic. | B．Doubtful. | | C．Disapproving. | D．Objective. |
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