Have you thought about what determines the way we are as we grow up? Remember th
题型：不详难度：来源：
Have you thought about what determines the way we are as we grow up? Remember the TV program Seven Up ? It started following the lives of a group of children in 1963. We first meet them as wide-eyed seven-year-olds and then catch up with them at seven-year intervals (间隔 ) : nervous 14-year-olds , serious 21-year-olds , then grown-ups.
Some of the stories are inspiring ,others sad ,but what is interesting in almost all the cases is the way in which the children"s early hopes and dreams are shown in their future lives, for example ,at seven ,Tony is a lively child who says he wants to become a sportsman or a taxi driver. When he grows up, he goes on to do both. How about Nicki ,who says, "I"d like to find out about the moon. " and goes on to become a space scientist. As a child, soft - spoken Bruce says he wants to help "poor children" and ends up teaching in India.
But if the lives of all the children had followed this pattern, the program would be far less interesting than it actually was. It was the children whose childhood did not prepare them for what was to come that made the program so inspiring. Where did their ideas come from about what they wanted to do when they grew up? Are children influenced by what their parents do ,by what they see on television ,or by what their teachers say? How great is the effect of a single important event? Many film directors ,including Stephen Spielberg ,say that an early visit to the cinema was the turning point in their lives. Dr. Magaret Mc Allister ,who has done a lot of research in this area ,thinks that the major influences are parents , friends and the wider society.
小题1:What does the text mainly discuss?| A．New ways to make a TV program interesting. | | B．The importance of television programs to children. | | C．Different ways to make childhood dreams come true. | | D．The influence of childhood experience on future lives. |
小题2:In the TV program Seven Up ,we can meet______.| A．different groups of people at different periods of their lives | | B．different groups of people at the same period of their lives | | C．the same group of people at different periods of their lives | | D．the same group of people at the same period of their lives |
小题3: What are the examples in paragraph 2 meant to show?| A．Many people"s childhood hopes are related to their future jobs. | | B．There are many poor children in India who need help. | | C．Children have different dreams about their future. | | D．A lot of people are very sad in their childhood. |
小题4:Spielberg"s story is meant to show that_______.| A．going to a movie at an early age helps a child learn about society | | B．a single childhood event may decide what one does as a grown-up | | C．parents and friends can help a child grow up properly | | D．films have more influence on a child than teachers do |
小题5:What does the writer think of the TV program?| A．Interesting. | B．Crazy. | C．Dull. | D．Serious. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:A |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍幼年时，父母、朋友和较广泛的社交圈子将影响孩子日后的生活。
小题1:主旨大意题。从文章所举的电视节目Seven Up及斯皮尔伯格的小时候去影院后来终成导演的例子来看，文章全是围绕着“童年经历对未来生活有很大影响”来展开的，故可知本文的主旨是D项。
小题2:细节题：从第一段的句子：We first meet them as wide-eyed seven-year-olds and then catch up with them at seven-year intervals (间隔 ) : nervous 14-year-olds , serious 21-year-olds , then grown-ups.可知在电视节目Seven Up里面我们会遇到不同人生阶段的相同的人，选C
小题3:推理判断题。第二段第一句讲到所有事例中最有趣的就是孩子们的希望和梦想在未来得到了实现，可见童年的希望与未来的工作是有关联的，故本题选A
小题4:推理判断题。包括斯皮尔伯格在内的许多导演都说，早期到电影院去是他们人生的转折点，由此可见特定的儿童时期的经历会决定孩子未来从事的职业。例子前的话“How great is the effect of a single important event？”也是暗示。B
小题5:细节题：从第二段的句子：Some of the stories are inspiring ,others sad ,but what is interesting in almost all the cases is the way in which the children"s early hopes and dreams are shown in their future lives,可知作者认为这个节目很有趣，选A |
举一反三
Does style really sell? How can the appearance of a product be more important than what it does? The battle between form and function rose again when James Dyson, British inventor of the Dvson vacuum cleaner that has sold in millions around the world, resigned as chairman of London"s Design Museum. It is widely believed that Mr. Dyson felt that the museum put too much stress on style at the expense of serious industrial design.
Mr. Dyson accused the museum of not keeping true to itself. He may be right, but these days, museums everywhere can no longer afford to be unique centers of scholarship and learning. Among competition for sponsorship, they must use exhibitions of populist culture, nice cafes and shops or, best of all, a new building by Frank Gehry to increase visitor numbers.
On the one hand, some producers can be too old-fashioned and too concerned with the importance of product engineering and the functionality of their goods. On the other hand, there are those who believe that how a product looks is more important. Design is indeed a broad term, involving both function and form. Typically, in any given product area, it changes from the former to the latter. Clothing is a good example. But surely you would have to be a very shallow person to think something"s appearance is more important than what it does.
Today nearly all goods at any given price point do much the same job. So almost the only way producers can differentiate their products from those of their competitors is to create some sort of emotional connection with the consumer, which could be through the visual appeal of the product or its packaging, or the imagery(意象) created by advertising. And what of the Dyson vacuum cleaner? Mr. Dyson may believe that people buy these machines because of the graphs showing their superior suction, but most vacuum cleaners do a good job; the main reason people pay extra for a Dyson is that it is a vacuum cleaner with a fashionable brand. With its inside workings exposed, it is a bit like a Richard Rogers building with all its pipes shown in bright colors on the outside instead of being hidden inside. Functional it may be, but it is a bit of a trick, too.
小题1:Mr. Dyson left the Design Museum because he thought the museum .| A．didn"t increase the number of visitors | | B．couldn"t provide scholarships for learners | | C．wasn"t loyal to its original purpose of learning | | D．didn"t have great appeal for serious industrial design |
小题2:What can we learn from Paragraph 4 ?| A．A product with convenient packaging sells well. | | B．The majority of consumers prefer to buy branded goods. | | C．Most similarly priced products are of a comparable standard. | | D．Emotion contributes much to the development of advertising industry. |
小题3:The author believes that people buy the Dyson vacuum cleaner because .| A．it has very good suction | B．it is fashionable | | C．it sells well around the world | D．it is invented by James Dyson |
小题4:What is the author"s attitude towards the form of a product?| A．Optimistic. | B．Doubtful. | | C．Disapproving. | D．Objective. |
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Do you want to love what you do for a living? Follow your passion. This piece of advice provides the foundation for modern thinking on career satisfaction. But this can be a problem.
I"ve spent the past several years researching and writing about the different strategies we use to seek happiness in our work. It became clear early in the process that the suggestion to “follow your passion” was flawed (有缺陷), for it lacks scientific evidence. However, it doesn"t mean you should abandon the goal of feeling passionate about your work. The reality emphasizes that things are quite complicated.
Passion is earned. Different people are looking for different things in their work, but generally, people with satisfying careers enjoy some combination of the following features: autonomy，respect, competence, creativity, and a sense of impact. In other words，if you want to feel passionate about your livelihood，don"t seek the perfect job，but seek to get more of these features in the job you already have.
Passion is elusive (难捉摸的). Many people develop the rare and valuable skills leading to passion, but still end up unhappy in their work. The problem is that the features leading you to love your work are more likely to be useful to you than your organization. As you become increasingly “valuable”，for example, your boss might push you toward traditional promotions that come with more pay and more responsibility, as this is what is most useful to your company. However, you might find more passion by applying your value to gain autonomy in your schedule or project selection.
Passion is dangerous. I"ve watched too many of my peers fall into anxiety and chronic(慢性的) job-hopping (跳槽) due to the “follow your passion” advice. The issue is expectations. If you believe we all have a pre-existing passion, and that matching it to a job will lead to instant workplace happiness, reality will always pale in comparison.
Work is hard. Not every day is fun. If you"re seeking a dream job, you"ll end up frustrated, again and again. Don"t set out to discover passion. Instead, set out to develop it. This path might be longer and more complicated than what most cheerful career guides might advocate, but it"s a path much more likely to lead you somewhere worth going.
小题1:People satisfied with their careers are _______.| A．autonomous and passionate | B．creative and passionate | | C．respectable and sensitive | D．creative and competent |
小题2:What is the author"s advice on achieving career satisfaction?| A．Figuring out early what one will do in the future. | | B．Matching the pre-existing passion to one"s work. | | C．Developing passion for what one is doing. | | D．Discovering skills that lead to interesting careers. |
小题3: The underlined sentence in Para. 5 probably means that _______.| A．it is not easy to match our passion with our jobs | | B．we shouldn"t think everyone has a pre-existing passion | | C．workplace happiness does not require a pre-existing passion | | D．high expectations of passion in jobs bring disappointment |
小题4:What"s the author"s attitude towards the advice of “following your passion”?| A．Disapproving. | B．Supportive. | C．Cautious. | D．Unclear. |
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WHEN there are some strangers in front of us, which of them will we trust?
According to a new study in the online PloS One (《公共科学图书馆·综合》), people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces. Your appearance can do a lot for you, especially if you are in the financial industry. The more trustworthy you look, the more likely people will buy what you’re selling.
Researchers from Britain’s University of Warwick Business School, University College London, and Dartmouth College, US, did a number of experiments.
The research team used computer software to make 40 faces, from the least to the most trustworthy-looking.
The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn’t as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy, even when the face is at rest. However, a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them. Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces, and asked the participants again whom they trusted.
The results showed that even if they got different information, the participants didn’t change their choices. They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.
Chris Olivola, one of the study’s authors, said in the University of Warwick’s press release: “It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts (本能) about whether we think someone looks like we can trust them. The temptation (诱惑) to judge strangers by their faces is hard to resist.”
小题1:Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?| A．What kind of face do you trust? | | B．Who did the experiments? | | C．Why do you trust him or her? | | D．Why did they do the experiments? |
小题2:According to the study, which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted?| A．A sad face. | B．A smiling face. | C．A crying face. | D．An angry face. |
小题3:Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE?| A．The trustworthy faces were given good information. | | B．Researchers took photos of the 40 people’s faces in college. | | C．Most participants gave their money to the trustworthy-looking faces. | | D．Participants liked to choose the faces with good information. |
小题4:What did the researchers learn from their experiment?| A．People can’t refuse temptations. | | B．People always do things with their instincts. | | C．People often judge strangers by their faces. | | D．People don’t trust strangers with sad faces. |
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Kiss crisis, hug horrors and the UK"s handshake headaches
Greeting someone, saying goodbye – these situations fill me with unease. You have a second to make a dangerous decision. One peck (轻吻)? Two pecks? Three? No kisses at all? Why, I think, as I crash into the other person’s face, why can’t it be as simple as a handshake?
A survey by the soap company Radox in May showed one in five Brits now feels a handshake is “too formal”, according to the Daily Mail. Some 42 percent said they never shook hands when greeting friends. For one third of people the alternative was a hug, for 16 percent a kiss on the cheek.
British people are known to be reserved (保守的) – unfriendly, some would say. Handshakes used to work for us because we didn’t have to get too close. But the super-British handshake is no longer fashionable. We want to be more like our easygoing Mediterranean neighbors who greet each other with kisses and hugs.
The trouble is, we still find it a bit awkward. What does a married man do when greeting a married female friend, for example? How should someone younger greet someone older?
Guys don’t tend to kiss one another; my male friends in Britain go for the “manly hug”, taking each other stiffly (不自然地) in one arm and giving a few thumps on the back with words like “Take it easy, yeah?”.
The biggest questions, if you do decide to kiss, are how many times and which cheek first. Unlike the French, who comfortably deliver three, our cheek-pecks usually end in embarrassed giggling (咯咯笑): “Oh, gosh, sorry, I didn’t mean to kiss you on the lips, I never know where to aim for first!”
But then it’s never been easy for us poor, uncomfortable Brits. Even the handshake had its problems: don’t shake too hard, but don’t hold the other person’s hand too limply (无力地) either, and definitely don’t go in with sweaty hands.
Maybe it’s better to leave it at a smile and a nod.
小题1:What is the article mainly about?| A．Origin of the traditional British way of greeting someone. | | B．New trends and problems that Brits have with the way they greet people. | | C．Why the author feels uneasy when greeting someone or saying goodbye. | | D．Differences in greetings between Britain and other Western countries. |
小题2:What did the survey by the soap company Radox show?| A．It is now considered unfriendly to greet friends with a handshake in Britain. | | B．A kiss on the cheek is becoming the most popular form of greeting in Britain. | | C．Most Brits no longer offer to shake hands with those they meet. | | D．More and more Brits prefer to be greeted with a hug or kiss. |
小题3:The underlined word “awkward” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.| A．not helpful | B．too informal | C．quite embarrassed | D．very interesting |
小题4:Which does the author think might be the safest form of greeting for a British person?| A．A hug. | B．A smile and a nod. | C．A handshake. | D．A kiss on the cheek. |
小题5:Who wrote the article?| A．A British writer. | B．An American writer. | C．A French writer. | D．A Chinese writer. |
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Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always getting criticism. Their critics（批评家）seem to resent（对...不满） them because they have a gift for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s unjust,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods comes largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws(内部规则) while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration(定量) of disasters.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive without this source of revenue（收益）. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch（giving birth）, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column（读者来信专栏）. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
小题1:What is main idea of this passage?| A．Advertisements. | | B．Advertisements bring fun to readers. | | C．Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. | | D．The costs of advertisements. |
小题2:The attitude of the author toward advertisers is | A．appreciative. | B．trustworthy. | C．critical | D．dissatisfactory. |
小题3:Why do the critics criticize advertisers?| A．Because advertisers often brag(自夸). | | B．Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”. | | C．Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. | | D．Because customers pay more. |
小题4:Which of the following is Not True?| A．Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. | | B．We can buy what we want. | | C．Good quality products don’t need to be advertised. | | D．Advertisement makes our life colorful. |
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