This year, the World Mental Health Day on Oct 10 was marked by the theme: “Depre
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This year, the World Mental Health Day on Oct 10 was marked by the theme: “Depression: A Global Crisis”. According to the World Federation for Mental Health and the WHO, depression has moved beyond the medical domain(领域) to become a social problem. Statistics from the Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center show that of the 287,000 people who commit suicide in China every year, 70 percent are victims of depression.
“This equates to one depression victim taking their life every three minutes,” cited CCTV recently. According to the Beijing-based Capital Medical University, the number of depression patients has been on the rise in the past years and now accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the population, more than the global average of 5 percent.
Wang Shaoli, vice-president of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, a medical center specializing in mental health, said that what makes depression so widespread is that everybody can get it.
“No one is immune to depression,” said Wang. “It has become a social problem because depression kills one’s social capabilities, such as communication, and leads to a negative social mentality.”
According to Wang, depression can be treated with medicine and early psychological consultation. The real problem is the lack of awareness surrounding the issue.
“People with mental health illnesses are discriminated against,” said Wang. “So they are reluctant to go to hospital and often keep the pain to themselves, which only makes matters worse.” Only one in 10 depression victims are properly treated in China, according to the Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center.
“When people get depressed, it becomes part of their thoughts, making them negative, even desperate,” said Wang. “And the ideas are difficult to change.” That’s why Wang suggests early intervention.
“Normally it takes about nine months to treat depression,” said Wang. “But in most cases, patients drop treatment half way when they feel some progress.”
小题1:How is Para1& 2 mainly supported when it tells that depression has become a social problem?| A．By giving data | B．By making definition | | C．By analyzing causes | D．By making comparisons |
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following are true EXCEPT________ ? | A．people with depression are more likely to commit suicide. | | B．the percentage of depression patients is larger in China than that in the world. | | C．more and more people have been suffering from depression. | | D．depression can destroy people’s immune system and social capabilities |
小题3:People with mental illnesses are unwilling to go to hospital because __________.| A．the victims think that they will get well soon | | B．they are discriminated against and don’t want others to know their illnesses | | C．there are few medical centers specializing in mental health | | D．there is no way to treat them |
小题4:In Wang Shaoli’s opinion, the better way to deal with mental problem is to _________.| A．force the victims to go to hospital | | B．keep their pain to themselves when it appears | | C．keep positive and get early psychological consultation | | D．more medical centers should be set up |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：今年10月10日的心理卫生日主题为：“抑郁症：一个全球性危机”。世界精神卫生联盟以及世界卫生组织表示，抑郁症已经超越医疗领域，成为社会问题。
小题1:这是细节理解题。根据Statistics from the Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center show that of the 287,000 people who commit suicide in China every year, 70 percent are victims of depression.通过数据来说明抑郁症成为了社会问题，故选A。
小题2:这是细节理解题。根据No one is immune to depression,” said Wang. “It has become a social problem because depression kills one’s social capabilities, 因为选D与本句不符，“抑郁症对任何人来说都防不胜防，”王绍礼说道，“抑郁症能够扼***一个人的社交能力，比如沟通交流能力，从而导致消极社会心态的产生，因此抑郁症已经成为一种社会问题。”故选D。
小题3:这是细节理解题。根据“People with mental health illnesses are discriminated against,” said Wang. “精神疾病患者往往遭受歧视，”王绍礼说，“所以，他们不愿意去医院就医，往往独自承受痛苦，而这只会令病情加重。”故选B。
小题4:这是细节理解题。根据According to Wang, depression can be treated with medicine and early psychological consultation. 王绍礼表示，抑郁症可以通过药物以及早期心理咨询来进行治疗。故选C。
点评：细节题为阅读考题的重头戏，所占比例很高，相对而言较简单，因为这类题虽然要求理解准确，但基本上限于字面意义的理解，范围也限于局部，因此是我们可望得高分的部分。细节题绝大部分体现“中心思想是解”这一原理。本文都是细节理解题，在文中比较容易找到答案。 |
举一反三
As the new term starts, freshmen around the world are asking the same question: how can I make the best of four years at college? The New York Times received suggestions recently from PhD students and seniors at some of the top universities . Here is their advice.
“Many young people today are raised in a protective cocoon(茧)”, wrote Tim Novikoff, a PhD student at Comell. “College is a time to explore the world beyond and a chance to learn new things about yourself. Take classes in different subjects. Try lots of different clubs and activities.”
Remember also to take some time away from campus, suggested Willie Lin, a student at Washington University. “If you spend all of your time in school, then it becomes too easy to let criticism from an unkind professor or a conflict with a roommate take up large proportions.”
Try to find work assisting a researcher or a professor---this is the advice from Aman Singh Gill, a PhD student at Stony Brook University. And he also said, “With a window into the world of research, you will find yourself thinking more critically, accepting fewer states at face value and perhaps developing a brave sense of what you can accomplish.”
Many young people can’t imagine even a single day without devices such as computers and cell phones. But try to keep yourself off them, cautioned Christine Smallwood, a PhD student at Columbia University.
Start by scheduling a few Internet-free hours each day, with your phone turned off. It’s the only way you’ll be able to read anything serious. “This will also have the benefit of making you harder to reach, and thus more mysterious and fascinating to new friends and acquaintances(熟人),” she suggested.
小题1:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 means we should _________.| A．spend more time at school | B．take some time out of school | | C．listen to criticism more | D．not argue with roommates |
小题2:Who thinks it is important to consider something critically?| A．Aman Singh Gill | B．Christine Smallwood | | C．Tim Novikoff | D．Willlie Lin |
小题3:As for modern information devices, the last two paragraphs mean to tell us ________.| A．to keep ourselves off them forever not to use them | | B．to turn them off | | C．to make a schedule to use them | | D．not to use them |
小题4:This passage is mainly about _________.| A．tips from some students for college life | | B．ways to read something serious regularly | | C．days without cell-phones and computers | | D．chances to go to university you really like |
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The English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed (声言) that living on an island 36 from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the 37 are, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has 38 many attitudes and habits which make them 39 from other nationalities.
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a 40 , shy and reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he 41 well. In the 42 of strangers or foreigners he often seems embarrassed. You have only to walk around a city any morning or evening to 43 the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit 44 their newspapers or have a light sleep in a corner with no one speaking. 45 , to do so would seem most unusual to many foreigners. An Englishman pretending to be giving 46 to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway carriage, shake hands with all the passengers”. Obviously , he was not being 47 . There is an unwritten 48 clearly understood code (规则) of behaviour which, if 49 , makes the person immediately suspect(怀疑).
In many parts of the world it is quite 50 to show openly their enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc. The Englishman is somewhat 51 . Of course, an Englishman lacks no deep feelings, in fact , no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his 52 far less. This is reflected in his use of 53 . Imagine a man making a comment on the great 54 of a young girl. A more emotional man might 55 her as “extremely beautiful,” “precious”, however, an Englishman might just say, “Um, she is all right.” The girl who heard this should not be angry because "not bad" and " all right" very often have the same meaning as "first class" " excellent" and this unique style of language use is common in England.
| 小题1: | | A．divided | B．separated | C．parted | D．broke |
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| 小题2: | | A．problems | B．arrangements | C．reasons | D．differences |
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| 小题3: | | A．developed | B．got | C．created | D．made |
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| 小题4: | | A．differ | B．separate | C．suffer | D．vary |
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| 小题5: | | A．noisy | B．rude | C．noble | D．quiet |
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| 小题6: | | A．recognizes | B．knows | C．sees | D．likes |
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| 小题7: | | A．front | B．absence | C．lack | D．presence |
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| 小题8: | | A．look at | B．find out | C．tell | D．keep |
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| 小题9: | | A．publishing | B．selling | C．reading | D．showing |
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| 小题10: | | A．In other words | B．On the contrary | | C．On the whole | D．In fact |
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| 小题11: | | A．advice | B．performances | C．speeches | D．way |
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| 小题12: | | A．funny | B．great | C．serious | D．careful |
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| 小题13: | | A．as well as | B．or | C．and | D．but |
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| 小题14: | | A．broken | B．made | C．explained | D．followed |
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| 小题15: | | A．enough | B．right | C．normal | D．impossible |
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| 小题16: | | A．proud | B．kind | C．hard | D．different |
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| 小题17: | | A．feelings | B．talents | C．gifts | D．behaviors |
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| 小题18: | | A．action | B．language | C．time | D．life |
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| 小题19: | | A．speech | B．mark | C．beauty | D．intelligence |
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| 小题20: | | A．speak | B．describe | C．take | D．treat |
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A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”
小题1:What does the passage mainly tell us?| A．Four categories of heavy drinkers. | | B．Heavy drinking affects college students. | | C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making. | | D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers. |
小题2:Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice? | A．Low binge drinkers | B．moderate binge drinkers | | C．Increasing binge drinkers | D．Stable binge drinkers |
小题3:Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.| A．adolescent students were not suitable for drinking | | B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain | | C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescence | | D．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices |
小题4:What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______. | A．he is quite clear about what the important issue is | | B．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect | | C．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making | | D．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected |
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On Jan. 3, a netizen（网民）nicknamed “Programmer Humor”published a short story on his micro-blog. It said that there was an old lady who swept nearly every inch of his Internet company. When she passed by a programmer, she took a look at the codes on the programmer’s computer and kindly reminded him, “Be careful, the stack is overfilled!”
Certainly, it is a casual and fictitious（虚构的）story made up by the micro-blogger. However, no one would have guessed that the short blog would eventually cause the first great Internet meme（网络快速爆红现象） of 2011 in China. Suddenly, the mysterious “Sweeping Old Lady” is showing up nearly everywhere and reminding professionals of their mistakes. From 8 a. m. on Jan. 5, some netizens collected stories of the “Sweeping Old Lady” and found she had appeared to give advice in 150 kinds of careers. A netizen even said he had met with a similar situation in real life.
Actually, the “Sweeping Old Lady” is not new figure, but is based on the “sweeping monk （和尚）”in Louis Cha’s famous Kung fu novel of “Tian Long Ba Bu”. The “sweeping monk” is an old monk and does the lowest class of work in Shaolin Temple, but he is actually the No. 1 master in the noel both in Kung fu and in the study of Buddhism.
The “Sweeping Old Lady” is also a great modest master. Lots of netizens wish that they could have such a lady beside them to give them precious suggestions at a key time.
Although there may be 1,000 “Sweeping Old Ladies” in 1,000 people’s minds, it cannot prevent the “Sweeping Old Lady” from becoming the most popular figure on the Internet.
“Programmer Humor” said he is just a programmer in the real world and once he saw the story about the “Sweeping Old Lady,” he wrote it down in his micro-blog because it was funny. He never knew who the original writer of the story was and never thought the story could be so popular.
小题1:What quality does the “Sweeping Old Lady” have?| A．Honest and knowledgeable. | B．Modest and patient. | | C．Modest and knowledgeable. | D．Honest and patient. |
小题2:Which description about the “Sweeping Old Lady” is right?| A．She is an old lady good at sweeping the Internet. | | B．She is just an imaginary figure created by a netizen. | | C．She is well-know as the old “sweeping monk.” | | D．She likes to give instructions everywhere. |
小题3:What can we infer from the text?| A．The sweeping old lady is always looking down on the people around her. | | B．We should ask sweeping old lady for advice when meeting with difficulties. | | C．People want to have a “Sweeping Old Lady” nearby to do the cleaning. | | D．We shouldn’t judge a person by his or her appearance and we’d better respect everyone. |
小题4:What does the author think of the “Sweeping Old Lady”?| A．She should be praised and respected. | | B．She shouldn’t mind others’ business. | | C．She should go in for network. | | D．She shouldn’t show off before professionals. |
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Most people have heard the sound of bees among flowers. Bees live almost everywhere in the world except in the Arctic areas.
Many kinds of agriculture depend on these small, social insects. Without bees, fruit and nut growers as well as many other farmers would not have a crop.
There are more than 20,000 kinds of bees. But only honey bees make enough honey for people to use. Honeybees are highly-organized social insects. They work together in a group, called a colony（群体）. Each colony lives in a hive（蜂房）. It contains one queen bee -- she lays all the eggs from which the members of the colony come. Each colony has only a few hundred males, called drones. The majority of all bees in a colony are workers, which are all females.
Bees even have a special stomach, called a honey stomach, which is used to store sweet fluid that the bees gather from flowers. Bees also have long hairs on their body and legs. These hairs capture pollen（花粉） as bees go from flower to flower. Some of the pollen is taken back to the hive. Some, however, is passed to the next flower. This is how many plants are fertilized. Pollen is the reproductive material of plants. Many important agricultural crops depend on bees for fertilization.
Inside their hives, bees store sweet liquid from flowers and pollen as well. They may even gather sweet liquid from some other kinds of insects. These kinds of sweet liquid are also stored in the hive.
Bees make honey through a process. They add liquid from their own mouths to sweet liquid into simple sugar. As the honey is stored, it dries. It becomes thicker and darker.
Although bees are often thought of as honey makers, they provide a surprising number of products. Also, their greatest economic value is in fertilizing crops-not in making honey.
小题1:The passage is mainly about .| A．bees and their colony | | B．the way for bees to pass pollen | | C．bees and agriculture | | D．the process for bees to make honey |
小题2:Honeybees are social insects because .| A．they work in groups | B．there is queen bee in every colony | | C．they live in a hive | D．each of them does the same job |
小题3:The most valuable thing honeybees do for people is in .| A．making honey | B．fertilizing crops | | C．making flowers grow better | D．producing pollen |
小题4:The word “fertilize” in the sentence “This is how many plants are fertilized” probably means “ ”.| A．to make plants strong and productive | | B．to make soil rich for plants | | C．to start the development of young flowers | | D．to introduce pollen into plants |
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