The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the
题型：不详难度：来源：
The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be____36___. Solitude can be hard to discover ___37____it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have ___38____our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ___39____as we’ve known it. People have become so ___40____in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted ____41___they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our ___42____, but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become ___43____on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not ___44____it would make them an outsider. ___45____, many jobs and careers require people to be ___46____. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a ___47____to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who ___48____wants it. Computers can be shut ___49____and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected”and “ on”has many ___50____, as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ___51____on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel ___52____and forced to answer unwanted calls or___53____to unwanted texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society ___54____ across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like ___55____daily advancements in technology.
| 小题1: | | A．updated | B．received | C．shared | D．collected |
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| 小题2: | | A．though | B．until | C．once | D．before |
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| 小题3: | | A．respected | B．shaped | C．ignored | D．preserved |
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| 小题4: | | A．edge | B．stage | C．end | D．balance |
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| 小题5: | | A．sensitive | B．intelligent | C．considerate | D．reachable |
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| 小题6: | | A．even if | B．only if | C．as if | D．if only |
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| 小题7: | | A．media | B．computers | C．databases | D．monitors |
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| 小题8: | | A．bent | B．hard | C．keen | D．dependent |
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| 小题9: | | A．finding | B．using | C．protecting | D．changing |
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| 小题10: | | A．Also | B．Instead | C．Otherwise | D．Somehow |
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| 小题11: | | A．connected | B．trained | C．recommended | D．interested |
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| 小题12: | | A．pleasure | B．benefit | C．burden | D．disappointment |
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| 小题13: | | A．slightly | B．hardly | C．merely | D．really |
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| 小题15: | | A．aspects | B．weaknesses | C．advantages | D．exceptions |
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| 小题16: | | A．hidden | B．lost | C．relaxed | D．deserted |
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| 小题17: | | A．trapped | B．excited | C．confused | D．amused |
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| 小题18: | | A．turn | B．submit | C．object | D．reply |
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| 小题19: | | A．vary | B．arise | C．spread | D．exist |
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| 小题20: | | A．beyond | B．within | C．despite | D．without |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:C
小题5:D
小题6:A
小题7:B
小题8:D
小题9:B
小题10:A
小题11:A
小题12:C
小题13:D
小题14:B
小题15:C
小题16:B
小题17:A
小题18:D
小题19:A
小题20:D |
解析
这是一篇议论文。独处理念在当今数码世界几乎不复存在，新技术使我们连接成了一个社会，并塑造了我们的文化。能够被连接在一起既有优势也有弊端。不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。
小题1:考查动词。根据上一句可知，独处理念在数码世界几乎不存在，因此信息的意义在于分享。update“更新”；receive“接收”；share“分享”；collect“收集”。
小题2:考查连词。句意：“独处一旦被放弃就很难发现。”though“尽管”，表让步；until“直到”，表时间；once“一旦”，表条件；before“在……之前”，表时间。
小题3:考查动词。句意：“从这方面来说，新技术塑造了我们的文化。”respect“尊重”；shape“塑造”（跟46空后changed一致）；ignore“忽视”；preserve“保存”。
小题4:考查名词。句意：“被联系的渴望使独处消亡。”edge“边缘”；stage“舞台，阶段”；end“结束”，bring an end to“使……结束”；balance“平衡”。
小题5:考查形容词。句意“在网络交织的世界里，人们已经变得如此随处可及。”sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“有才智的”；considerate“体贴的”；reachable“可到达的”。
小题6:考查连词。句意：“即使他们不情愿也能经常被联系上。”even if“即使”，表让步；only if“只要，只有”，表条件；as if“似乎，好像”，表方式；if only“要是….就好了”，表虚拟。
小题7:考查名词。句意：“今天，我们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机谈话，编辑短信，发邮件，聊天和写博客。”media“媒体”（包括手机，种属矛盾）；computer“电脑”（与手机并列）；database“数据库”；monitor“监视器”。
小题8:考查形容词。句意：“大多数发达国家已经依赖于数码技术，仅仅因为习惯于此。”be bent on“热衷于，专心致志于……”；be hard on“对……苛刻”；be keen on“热衷于，喜欢……”be dependent on“对……依赖”。
小题9:考查动名词。句意：“这个时候，不使用数码技术将会使他们成为局外人。”find“发现”；use“使用”；protect“保护”；change“保护”。
小题10:考查副词。句意：“而且，许多工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。”also“而且”；instead“相反”；otherwise“否则”；somehow“不知何故，不知怎地”。
小题11:考查动词。句意同上。connect“连接，联系”；train“训练”；recommend“推荐”；interest“使感兴趣”。
小题12:考查名词。句意：“对那些可能不想总是能够被联系上的人来说，随处可及可能感觉像个负担”。pleasure“乐事”；benefit“益事”；burden“负担”；disappointment“令人失望的事”。
小题13:考查副词。句意：“我认为，积极的一面是—对任何真的想要独处的人来说仍然是可能的。”slightly“稍微低”；hardly“几乎不”；merely“仅仅”；really“真正地”。
小题14:考查副词。句意：“电脑可以被关机，手机也是。”shut out“把......关在外面”shut down“关闭”（与该空后turn off一致）；shut up“使闭嘴”；shut in“围住”
小题15:考查名词。句意：“能够被联系上既有优势也有弊端”。aspect“方面”；weakness“弱点”；advantage“优势”（与该空后disadvantage相对）；exception“例外”。
小题16:考查分词。句意“旅行者最后迷失在大山上，手机挽救了无数的生命。”hidden“藏起来”；lost“迷路”；relaxed“放松的”；deserted“被遗弃，空无一人的”。end up done/adj/doing“以……告终（为结局）”。
小题17:考查分词。句意：“手机也会使人们感到受限制……”trapped“被困的，受限制的”；excited“激动兴奋的”；confused“困惑的”；amused“愉快的，开心的”。
小题18:考查名词。句意：“……被迫接***扰电话，回复***扰短信。”turn to“转向”；submit to“屈从于”；object to“反对”；reply to“回复”。
小题19:考查动词。句意：“对于我们被连接成一个社会，不同代的人态度不一。”vary“变化，呈多样化”；arise“（问题）出现”；spread“散步，蔓延”；exist“存在”。
小题20:考查介词。句意：“不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。”beyond“超出”；within“在……范围内”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”。 |
举一反三
Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across America’s farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country’s farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.
Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America’s farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.
“There couldn’t be anything that’s more incorrect,” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren’t enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.”
In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.
“I truly believe we’re at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,” said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.”
The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers’ Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.
Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21-year-old Best hopes his message—that this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in.”
小题1:What is the new challenge to American agriculture?| A．Fewer and older farmers. | B．Higher fuel prices. | | C．More natural disasters. | D．Lower agricultural output. |
小题2:Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?| A．To draw federal agriculture officials’ attention. | | B．To select qualified agriculture graduates. | | C．To clarify a recent blog posting. | | D．To talk more students into farming careers. |
小题3:According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people
because__________..| A．the government will cover production costs | | B．global food supplies will be even lower | | C．investment in agriculture will be profitable | | D．America will increase its food export |
小题4:What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean?| A．To re-analyze the result of the national census. | | B．To increase agricultural production. | | C．To bring down the average age of farmers. | | D．To invest more in agriculture. |
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As the Internet’s influence grows, the potential for danger also escalates (逐步上升). One of these dangers is from cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying (网络欺凌) is repeatedly hurting someone else through the use of technology. It consists of sending or posting cruel messages, photos, or videos on the Internet or other electronic media with the intent of damaging the reputation of the target. Imagine being a 13-year-old girl discovering a cell phone picture of her changing clothes for gym class has been sent to all her classmates. Or imagine being an 11-year-old boy who is scared to go to school because an unknown bully sent him an instant message saying that he is so fat that he should kill himself. Cases such as these are happening every day, leading kids to be depressed and unable to concentrate.
Worse yet, parents are oblivious (忽视的) to what is happening. Only 15 percent of parents even know what cyber-bullying is. And anyone who thinks that their child is not a victim or a bully is probably wrong. 90 percent of middle school students have had their feelings hurt online and 75 percent have admitted to visiting a website attacking another student.
Unlike traditional schoolyard bullying, where a bully has a name and a face, cyber-bullying gets much of its power from anonymity (匿名). A cyber bully might design a website posting cruel remarks about a classmate and never tell anyone that he or she was the creator. The cyber-bullying also gets its power from the scope (范围) of its audience. Within seconds, a cyber bully can send an e-mail to everyone he or she knows, inviting them to take part in an online poll (民意测验) of who is the ugliest kid in their class. Victims can be picked on day and night from any place.
The good news is that you can help stop cyber-bullying. By making parents and educators aware of what is going on and encouraging them to take quick and strong action when cyber-bullying cases happen, you can help make technology constructive, not destructive, for young people.
小题1:What can we learn from the second paragraph?| A．Not many students have known of cyber-bullying. | | B．Parents may not know their child is a victim of cyber-bullying. | | C．Parents know a lot of cyber-bullying. | | D．Most of the students have not been hurt by cyber-bullying. |
小题2:What does the author think of the cyber-bullying?| A．It is not as harmful as people think. | | B．It is too complex a problem to settle. | | C．It will not affect the relationship between classmates. | | D．It can be stopped through our efforts. |
小题3:What will probably be discussed in the following passage?| A．How to prevent cyber-bullying. | | B．What parents and educators think of cyber-bullying. | | C．How to make parents aware of cyber-bullying. | | D．How to make good use of technology. |
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There are four types of persons who go to work part-time. These include retirees who want a bit more income or socialization, parents who want to spend more time with their children, college and high school students and temporary agency workers who want more experience. Many people enjoy the advantages of working part-time, but benefits are rarely offered to part-time employees.
Most people are hoping for health insurance and retirement benefits when taking a job. Traditionally, companies only offer benefits to employees who work 30 hours or more a week. This is only a 25% reduction in hours, so it doesn’t free up a lot of time for the employee who needs part-time hours. Even when a part-timer is offered health benefits, he is rarely offered paid time off and retirement benefits. Dental benefits are almost never offered to part-time employees.
Many businesses hire part-time employees for the simple reason of saving money. If they work less than a certain number of hours, the employers don’t need to pay for benefits. There are companies, however, that are beginning to offer benefits to part-time employees. This includes benefits for health, paid time off and retirement plans. Some companies have begun to offer this in order to take in high quality, trained professionals who just want part-time hours. If a company wants a qualified employee, it will have to compete with other companies. People who may only want to work part-time may be forced to take a full-time job to get the benefits. Companies who offer benefits to part-timers have an advantage by offering more choices to their employees in terms of hours.
Conducting an Internet search is probably the quickest way to find companies that provide benefits for part-time employees. Many large corporations like Starbucks, Barnes & Noble and Whole Foods offer benefits to part-time employees among other things. Look for companies that offer a team approach to their employees. Employees are given choices and part of decision-making in the business. Businesses that allow employee input are more likely to offer benefits to part-timers.
小题1:People prefer to work part-time mainly because they __________.| A．don’t want to spend more time on work | | B．have so many household and social affairs | | C．hope to have more money, time and experience | | D．only expect to make more friends |
小题2:From the second paragraph we can learn that part-timers _______.| A．can enjoy as many benefits as full-timers | | B．prefer retirement benefits to health insurance | | C．often retire without enjoying any benefit | | D．often enjoy fewer benefits than full-timers |
小题3:What’s the advantage of hiring part-time employees?| A．They don’t need the insurance. | | B．They can save employers some money. | | C．They have no choice but to work hard. | | D．They can be also changed into full-timers. |
小题4:We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.| A．it’s easy to find companies providing benefits | | B．companies not allowing employee input don’t offer any benefit to part-timers | | C．Starbucks in England doesn’t provide benefits to full-timers | | D．employees are often forced to choose their jobs |
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The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
小题1:What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?| A．To seek help for Nauru’s problems. | | B．To give a warning to other countries | | C．To show the importance of money | | D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. |
小题2:What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?| A．Rich and powerful | B．Modern and open | | C．Peaceful and attractive | D．Greedy and aggressive |
小题3:The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______. | A．soil pollution | B．phosphate overmining | | C．farming activity | D．whale hunting |
小题4:Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem?| A．Its leaders misused the money | | B．It spent too much repairing the island | | C．Its phosphate mining cost much money | | D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. |
小题5:What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?| A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair. | | B．The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously. | | C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans | | D．The phosphate mines were destroyed |
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Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship．It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7-17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.
Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.
A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self-respect, confidence and life direction.
Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well-known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.
Emily and Sarah have been matched since 2008. Emily is a 10-year-old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. “ I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.”
Emily’s mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self-worth.
Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. “I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it is all work and no play.”
Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!
小题1:What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?| A．To offer students public services． | | B．To help students improve their grades． | | C．To organize sport activities for young people． | | D．To provide partnership and fun for young people． |
小题2:A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least______．| A．24 hours | B．36 hours | C．48 hours | D．72 hours |
小题3:According to Emily’s mother, this program may provide Emily with______．| A．advice from her teachers | | B．a new way to assess herself | | C．a new way to judge her schoolmates | | D．more comments from her schoolmates |
小题4:Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?| A．She used to be a volunteer. | | B．She needed a part-time job. | | C．She felt a bit bored with her life. | | D．She wanted to get a challenging job. |
小题5:According to the passage, “vulnerable young people” are probably those who are _________.| A．popular at school | B．rather weak physically | | C．easily hurt emotionally | D．confident in themselves |
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