Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships wi
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Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
小题1:William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.| A．social life provides an effective cure for illness | | B．being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life | | C．women benefit more than men from marriage | | D．marriage contributes a great deal to longevity |
小题2:Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.| A．older men should quit smoking to stay healthy | | B．marriage can help make up for ill health | | C．the married are happier than the unmarried | | D．unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life |
小题3:It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________.| A．the disadvantages of being married | | B．the emotional problems arising from marriage | | C．the responsibility of taking care of one’s family | | D．the consequence of a broken marriage |
小题4: What does the author say about social networks?| A．They have effects similar to those of a marriage. | | B．They help develop people’s community spirit. | | C．They provide timely support for those in need. | | D．They help relieve people of their life’s burdens. |
小题5:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?| A．It’s important that we develop a social network when young. | | B．To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. | | C．Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. | | D．We should share our social networks with each other. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题1:B
小题1:A
小题1:A
小题1:B |
解析
1. 第一段提到“but the biggest longevity boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship.”紧接着就说到“The effect was first noted in 1958 by William Farr,…”。句中的boost和选项D中的contribute有相近的意思，故选择D。
2. Linda Waite举例子说到一个有心脏病的已婚男人可以比未婚但是健康的男人多活4年。因此，婚姻可以弥补身体不健康带来的不利因素，故选B。
3. flip side的愿意是唱片的另一面，在这里前面已经分析过婚姻的好处，这里指的就是婚姻的反面，故选A。
4. 第二段最后一句…how all kinds of social networks have similar effects. 故选择A。
5. 最后一段提到如果想生活的更长久到100岁，就要发展自己的社交网络，故选B。 |
举一反三
In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”— feeling important and worthwhile — and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”— finding life enjoyable — are not always the same．Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children — what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.
Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects．One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression．Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity．Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism．It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life．The two are independent of each other．A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）．For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.
The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes．In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being．But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important．And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work．In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.
A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple roles．At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles — marriages, motherhood, and employment — were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.
小题1:It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.| A．for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure” | | B．for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery” | | C．women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time | | D．a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women |
小题2:The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.| A．negative | B．positive | | C．indifferent | D．realistic |
小题3:One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ________.| A．it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain | | B．she will be more successful in her career | | C．her chances of getting promoted will be greater | | D．her life will be richer and more meaningful |
小题4:Which of the following can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?| A．Family life | B．Multiple roles in society | | C．Regular employment | D．Freedom from anxiety |
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Internet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the Internet．Basically, Internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person first．
The first thing to do it you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile （简介） which can include your hobbies, hopes for the future, and so on．A photograph is optional, but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile．Many Internet dating sites will charge a one-lime registration fee to use their services.
Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world．You can even narrow the search down to your area by zip code．Another advantage is that you can communicate by e-mail before you meet in person．Thousands of people have met, fallen in love, and married through Internet dating．It is an excellent way for shy people to meet．It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others, and an easy way to meet people who share your interests．
Just as in traditional dating and love, there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Internet dating．The person you have been talking to on the Net may not be who they say they are, Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details, such as marital status, income, and so on, for their own reasons．It would not be the first time that someone has been taken in, and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time．Nevertheless, taking a few simple precautions should help ensure that your Internet dating experience is fun．
小题1:The purpose of writing the passage is to _____．| A．persuade readers to go dating on the Internet | | B．inform us how to date on the Internet | | C．warn readers against web love | | D．introduce Internet dating to us |
小题2:Which of the following is a must to make an Internet dating possible?| A．A photo． | B．A profile． | C．Money． | D．Business experience． |
小题3:One advantage of Internet dating is that _____．| A．you can avoid a face-to-face meeting in the beginning | | B．you’re sure to find a partner with the same interests | | C．you’ll find absolutely dependable information of others | | D．you’ll gain fame and money overnight |
小题4:What is probably talked about following the last paragraph?| A．Traditional dating． | B．Hidden advantages． | | C．Safety measures． | D．Romantic love． |
小题5:The underlined word "pitfalls" in Paragraph 4 most probably means ______| A．rules | B．trends | C．problems | D．skills |
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Faced with a tough job market, fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead．But a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just that—dreams．
The Shanghai Municipal Employment Promotion Center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city, released last Friday, showed 59．78 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a company or at least a small store． "But they just stop at the ’thinking’ stage," it stated．
Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunity．They also listed lack of business experience and social networks, the need tor advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their way．
More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road．
Guo Bing, a senior student in Shanghai International Studies University majoring in English, decided he wanted to be his own boss last year．But he is looking for a job first． "If I fail to find a satisfying job, I would like to establish a company in exhibition services," Guo said．
The Shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plant．With their help, Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures(小册子） at a relatively low price．He is also confident that his English language skills can help him do well in the industry．
"Social networking is an important factor leading to business success," Guo said． Guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduation．
Jiang said the university sets up a business guide learn made of government officials and professionals．They regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own business．The parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone, the survey showed．"Once you win the support of your family, you have won half the battle," Guo added．
小题1:Which of the following can be the best title?
A．A Tough Job Market B．Graduates Dream of Being Boss
C．The Ambitious Fresh Graduates D, The Story ot Guo Bing
小题2:Which of the following does NOT stop fresh graduates realizing their dreams of being bosses?| A．The lack of business opportunity and investment． | | B．The shortage of business experience. | | C．Less skilled English language． | | D．Their family members’ objections． |
小题3:In the view of Guo Bing, what ’is the key factor -that makes fresh graduates dream of being boss soon after graduation?| A．Their family don’t support them． | B．Their social networking is not good． | | C．There are not enough graduate jobs． | D．They want to achieve greater success． |
小题4:All the following statements are true about Guo Bing EXCEPT _____．| A．He has started his own business with the help of his relatives． | | B．English is his major in the university． | | C．He is trying to find a job which can satisfies him． | | D．He is a Shanghai native． |
小题5:Who is this article mostly intended for?| A．The parents whose child goes to university soon. | | B．Those who will graduate from university． | | C．Those who want to be bosses． | | D．The officials who work in the government． |
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An idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.
In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hongkong.
In Chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.
The only problem arose in New York , where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy
And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.
Ultimately, as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.
小题1:What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?| A．To invite authors to guide readers. | | B．To encourage people to read and share. | | C．To involve people in community service. | | D．To promote the friendship between cities. |
小题2:Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?| A．They had little interest in reading. | | B．They were too busy to read a book. | | C．They came from many different backgrounds | | D．T hey lacked support from the local government |
小题3:According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?| A．In large communities with little sense of unity | | B．In large cities where libraries are far from home | | C．In medium-sized cities with a diverse population | | D．In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached |
小题4: The underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 5 probably mean | A．exchanged ideas with each other | | B．discussed the meaning of a word | | C．gained life experience | | D．used the same language |
小题5: According to Nancy, the degree of students of the project is judged by________| A．the careful selection of a proper book | | B．the growing popularity of the writers | | C．the number of people who benefit from reading. | | D．the number of books that each person reads. |
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There are many older people in the world and there will be many more. A little-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.
It is a surprising fact that the population aging is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the rate of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.
What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk? One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability. Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state.
Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African countries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge. Yet traditions are fading away daily, which does not make sure the continued high regard of older people. As society changes, attitudes will change.
Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country’s development.
Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.
小题1:The rate of older people________.
A. is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries
B. B. is one-seventh of the population in developing countries
C. C. will increase much faster in China than in France
D. D. will be sixty percent in developing countries by 2020
2.According to passage, which of the following are governments most worried
About______.
A. The diseases and disability of older people.
B. The longer life and good health of people.
C. The loss of taxes on older people.
D. The increasing respect for older people.
小题2: It is stated directly in the passage that older people should ________.| A．be treated differently in different cultures | | B．enjoy a similar lifestyle | | C．be ignored as society changes | | D．be valued by the younger generations |
小题3:Which of the following measure is NOT mentioned to solve the population aging problem?| A．Getting rid of age discrimination in employment. | | B．Supplying life-long learning programs to older people. | | C．Making sure adequate income protection for older people. | | D．Providing free health care for sick older people. |
小题4:The author concludes in the last paragraph that ________.| A．governments have spent lots of time in solving the aging problem | | B．population aging is a hard problem, but it needs to be solved urgently | | C．people are too busy to solve the population aging problem | | D．much time and effort will be lost in solving the aging problem |
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