In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of

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In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts say the ___1___ is to make jobs more varied(多样的). But do more varied jobs ___2___ greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that ___3___variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it doesn’t ___4___ make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, ___5___ is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker___6___ to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The ___7___ is that this kind of freedom can’t easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated(复杂的) machinery which must be used in a ___8___ way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to ___9___ it.
Another important ___10___ is how much each worker ___11___ to the product he is making. In most factories the worker ___12___ only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now ___13___ with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his___14___. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor ___15___ it is one we can do something about.
To what___16___ does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is ___17___. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. ___18___ just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A ___19___ argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we ___20___ making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
1. A. answer   B. course C. attempt      D. system
2. A. run across      B. lead to       C. result from D. pick up
3. A. because  B. as       C. while  D. as though
4. A. mentally B. physically   C. carefully    D. actually
5. A. variety  B. relaxation C. creativity    D. machinery
6. A. judgement     B. freedom     C. direction    D. comfort
7. A. secret     B. skill    C. problem     D. strength
8. A. amusing B. dull    C. changeable D. fixed
9. A. use  B. create  C. supply D. fear
10. A. measure       B. invention    C. consideration     D. work
11. A. lies       B. sticks  C. objects       D. contributes
12. A. likes     B. equips C. transports   D. sees
13. A. tired    B. pleased      C. worrying       D. experimenting
14. A. own     B. will    C. line     D. hand
15. A. but       B. and     C. so       D. however
16. A. extent   B. quality       C. store   D. difference
17. A. natural  B. important   C. worrying    D. unbelievable
18. A. Rest     B. Sports C. Money       D. Playing
19. A. complete      B. friendly      C. given  D. similar
20. A. advise   B. succeed in  C. object to     D. are tried of

答案

1-5ABCDA 6-10BCDBC 11-15DDDCA 16-20ABCDB

解析

本文主要是围绕如何提高工人的生产力展开的。
1. A。前面说“许多国家面临这种问题，就是如何才能使工人生产力高”，一些专家说“该问题的答案就是使工作多样性”。
2. B。作者发出质疑，“工作多样性就能导致更大的生产力吗”。lead to“导致”。
3. C。由句子it doesn’t ___4___ make him work harder可知前面的连词表示“尽管”之意。
4. D。本句话意思是“有迹象表明尽管多样性能够使工人的生活更具有享受性，但实际上它并不能使工人们更努力地工作”。actually“实际上”。
5. A。上面介绍了“多样性”这个话题，所以现在予以总结“多样性不是重要的因素”。
6. B。由后面的解释to do his job in his own way，可知“这是一种自由的表现形式”。
7. C。本句话中that从句中的内容是存在的一个“问题”。
8. D。复杂的机械有一套“固定的”使用方法。fixed“固定的”。
9. B。根据意思“尽管选择的自由可能重要，通常不能有为选择它做什么。”create“做”。
10. C。上文提到“给工人们更多的自由”，这是专家所考虑的一个方案，所以推断是“另外一个重要的考虑”。
11. D。本句话意思是“另外一个重要的考虑就是每个工人对他生产的产品贡献了多少”。
12. D。每个工人只负责产品的某一个环节，所以认为“工人只能看到产品的一个部分”。
13. D。提到的作法只不过是一些汽车厂家的实验。
14. C。由句子Some car factories are now __13___ with having many small production lines rather than one large one可知，所填词表示“生产线”比较恰当。
15. A。本句话为not only…but (also)结构。
16. A。作者再次提出问题“更多的钱能够带来更大的生产率究竟到什么程度”。extent“程度”。
17. B。工人工作主要是为了赚钱，故推断“他们认为上面的提法很重要”。
18. C。由句子But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. 推测。
19. D。“用增加钱的方法来提高生产力”与“要求缩短工作时间来提高生产力”具有“相似”之处。
20. B。从“他们既不多要钱，也不想缩短工作时间”，可以推测“是在我们能够把工作变得更有趣的前提下”。succeed in“成功做某事”。