Although in the 17th century in the United States fine art and folk art had simi
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Although in the 17th century in the United States fine art and folk art had similar qualities, a difference between them began to appear as time went on in the 18th and 19th centuries artists with ambition studied abroad and came back to paint portraits(肖像) of upper-class families in American society. The less ambitious or less fortunate artists traveled around their own areas and created pictures of countryside society. Anyway, artists got trained and those simple creations improved a lot.
Around 1930，folk art began to take on a new meaning and was considered as an expression of a small cultural class. Folk art is never the product of art movements, but comes out of craft traditions. This art is based not on measurements or calculations and rarely goes with the standards of realism. It goes straight to the bases of art which the folk artists feel naturally.
The period 1930~ 1960 was the time when folk artists began to receive recognition. They often began their art careers late in life and used art as an outlet（出口） for their energy. Their materials were cheap and simple, their subjects were different, but their creativity flowed. Doing their own things became the norm（标准）, and was what made folk art so desirable.
Although it is hard to define folk art, one thing is certain --- it touches us in a special way because the artists show us how he or she brought beauty into their everyday life. Since folk artists come from all walks of life, each piece of art created is one of a kind, emphasizing color, simplicity of line and brave, simple form. Most importantly, it exemplifies（作为…的例子） the history of American life.
小题1:What similar qualities did folk art and fine art probably have in the 17th century?| A．They were both simple creations. | | B．The artists of both focused on family life. | | C．The artists of both came from the lower class. | | D．They were both gifted creations by trained artists. |
小题2: What was folk art around 1930 based on according to the second paragraph?| A．The traditions of the upper class. | | B．The progress of art in that period. | | C．The standards of realism. | | D．The feelings of the artists. |
小题3:Which of the following statements can be used to describe the works of folk artists?| A．They are difficult to understand. | | B．They help artists let out their energy. | | C．They show pictures of unreal life. | | D．They are similar to one another. |
小题4:Why did folk art become popular during the period from 1930 to 1960?| A．It offered artists the freedom of expression. | | B．Artists didn’t need to spend much on materials. | | C．Other kinds of art couldn’t express the beauty of life. | | D．Artists could express their dissatisfaction towards society. |
小题5:The author’s purpose in writing the text is to ___________. | A．speak highly of folk art | | B．compare folk art and fine art | | C．explain the history and characteristics of folk art in America | | D．explain the development and changes of American art |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍民间艺术的历史和特点。民间艺术家的作品来自艺术家的感觉，民间艺术受欢迎是因为它们提供艺术家展示的空间。
小题1:推理题：从第一段的句子：Anyway, artists got trained and those simple creations improved a lot.可知在17世纪，民间艺术和美术的创作都很简单，选A
小题2:细节题：从第二段的句子：It goes straight to the bases of art which the folk artists feel naturally.可知民间艺术家的作品来自艺术家的感觉，选D
小题3:细节题：从第三段的句子：They often began their art careers late in life and used art as an outlet（出口） for their energy.可知民间艺术帮助艺术家释放精力，选B
小题4:细节题：从第三段的句子：Their materials were cheap and simple, their subjects were different, but their creativity flowed. Doing their own things became the norm（标准）, and was what made folk art so desirable.可知20世纪30-60年代民间艺术受欢迎是因为它们提供艺术家展示的空间。选A
小题5:主旨题：文章第一段比较民间艺术和美术之间的差别，后面几段重点讲的是民间艺术的历史和特点。选C |
举一反三
Every country has its own culture.
Even though each country uses doors. Doors many have_ __functions and purposes which lead to ___ _ differences.
When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different__ ___ and they had distinct(不同的) functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to_ ____the building. This was new to me, because we use the ___ __ door in south Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.
The way of using school bus doors was also ____ __ to me .I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, ___ _who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on __ _ . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I___ ____tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_ _,and my face went red.
| 小题1: | | A．different | B．important | C．practical | D．unusual |
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| 小题2: | | A．national | B．embarrassing | C．cultural | D．amazing |
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| 小题3: | | A．exits | B．entrances | C．signs | D．doors |
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| 小题4: | | A．enter | B．leave | C．open | D．close |
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| 小题5: | | A．main | B．same | C．front | D．back |
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| 小题6: | | A．annoying | B．hard | C．satisfying | D．strange |
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| 小题7: | | A．parents | B．students | C．teachers | D．drivers |
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| 小题8: | | A．sooner | B．later | C．faster | D．earlier |
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| 小题9: | | A．politely | B．patiently | C．unconsciously | D．slowly |
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| 小题10: | | A．embarrassed | B．annoyed | C．unsatisfied | D．excited |
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When you walk along a street in a big city in the United States， you may see clocks in most stores. Radio announcers give the correct time during the day. People there think that it is important to know the time. Most Americans have watches. They want to do certain things at certain times. They do not want to be late. Not all people all over the world value time. Suppose you visit a certain country in South America. You would find that people living there do not like to rush. If you had an appointment（约会）with someone， he would probably be late. He would not care for arriving on time. In some countries in South America， even the radio programs may not begin right on time， nor do the radio announcers think it important to announce the right time. Many people regard a clock as a machine. It seems to them that a person who does everything on time is controlled（控制）by a machine. They do not want a clock or any machine to have that much power over their lives.
小题1:There are clocks in most stores in the US cities because ______.| A．people in the stores want to sell these clocks | | B．people think it important to know the time | | C．bosses want to make their stores beautiful | | D．they needn"t wear watches when they are away from home |
小题2:The underlined word “rush” in the passage most probably means ______.| A．“run” | B．“race” | C．“move” | D．“hurry” |
小题3:If you had an appointment with someone in some place in South America,he might not arrive on time，and this is because ______.| A．he didn"t have a watch with him | | B．he didn"t think it important to arrive on time | | C．he forgot to have a look at a watch or a clock | | D．he didn"t like an appointment with someone |
小题4:In some countries in South America ______.| A．the radio programs many start a bit early or late | | B．the radio announcers do think it important to announce the exact time | | C．many people think a clock has much power | | D．most people do not want to be controlled by others |
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Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship．Before you start a discussion，however，make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboo（禁忌）in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art and customs．You may expect questions about your family，and be sure to show pictures of your children．You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends．The French think of conversation as an art form，and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them，arguments can be interesting and they can cover pretty much or any topic ---- as long as they occur in are respectful and intelligent manner．
In the United States，business people like to discuss a wide range of topics，including opinions about work，family，hobbies，and politics. In Japan，China，and Korea，however，people are much more private．They do not share much about their thoughts，feelings，or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious business relationship they’re trying to build．Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters．It is considered rude，for example，to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children．
As a general rule，it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends．This can get you into trouble，even in the United States，where people hold different religious views．In addition，discussing one’s salary is usually considered unsuitable．Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world，although be careful not to criticize national sport．Instead，be friendly and praise your host’s team．
小题1:The author considers politics and religion ___________.| A．cheerful topics | | B．taboo | | C．rude topics | | D．topics that can never be talked about |
小题2:Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author？| A．Sports． | B．Children． | | C．Personal feelings． | D．Families． |
小题3:Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others？| A．They don’t want to talk much with others． | | B．They don’t want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation。 | | C．They are afraid to argue with their colleagues． | | D．They want to keep their feelings to themselves． |
小题4:What shouldn’t you do when talking about sports with colleagues from another country？| A．Praising your own country’s sports． | | B．Criticizing your own country’s sports． | | C．Praising the sports of your colleagues’ country． | | D．Criticizing the sports of your colleagues’ country． |
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A new report says African governments are ill prepared to handle the growing number of people over age 65. The population in Africa as in other parts of the world, is getting older. Currently, there are 36 million people on the continent 65 years and above. which is 3.6 percent of the population. up from 3.3 percent 10 years ago. That could rise to 4.5 percent by 2030 and 10 percent by 2050. The African development Bank is raising concerns over the shortage of health insurance and pensions (养老金).
The African Development Bank says. "Aging is highly linked with long-term physical and mental disability and a number of long-term chronic (慢性的) conditions."
"Africa is not well prepared to care for its aging population right now. And it needs to prepare for this fact." said Professor Mthuli Ncube. the African Development Bank"s chief economist. African nations spend far less on healthcare than developed nations do___ about $26per person per year. Not so many countries have well developed medical aid plans for the elderly, whether they are privately provided plans or indeed government plans. If you look at the pension plans, you will find the pension industries are not well developed in some of the countries.
Professor Mthuli Ncube said African governments failed to take action on health insurance
and pensions because they were busy with economic reforms.
Another challenge for Africa is the worsening of informal systems of social protection. That is cash and support from both the extended family and community sources.
. The African Development Bank recommends governments help carry out health insurance and pension plans. Ncube said African governments didn"t have to handle the health insurance burden alone. "It is not only a must but also an opportunity for private companies to add their bit in this regard", he said. The report also recommends that African governments consider providing ways of free health services. medications and long-term health care facilities for the elderly.
小题1: From the first paragraph we know the facts except that ____| A．the speed of people aging is becoming quicker | | B．Africa has the largest aging population | | C．African governments are not well prepared to deal with the aging population | | D．the shortage of health insurance and pensions adds to African governments" difficulty in dealing With the aging population |
小题2:Which is not highly linked with the aging according to the passage?| A．Long-term physical disability. | B．Long-term mental disability. | | C．Long-term chronic illnesses. | D．Long-term shortage of care and love. |
小题3: What got in the way of developing health insurance and pensions in Africa?| A．The economic reforms. | B．Too many old people. | | C．The shortage of land. | D．The development of the economy. |
小题4:How can the aging problem be solved in Africa according to Ncube?| A．African governments should spend as much money on healthcare as developed countries | | B．African people should save enough money to insure their health. | | C．African governments should combine with private companies to finish health insurance and pension pains. | | D．Private sources should take the main responsibility to help the elderly. |
小题5:The article is most likely to be seen____| A．in a story book | B．in a newspaper | C．on a TV program | D．in a textbook |
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Ever since he got into the Hong Kong film industry in 1994 with He’s a Woman, She’s a Man, Hong Kong director, Peter Chan has been one of the industry’s most powerful voices. Later in 1996, another milestone Comrades: Almost a Love Story came into being. Chan’s latest film, American Dreams in China is a carefully-calculated film with an eye toward opening the mainland cinema market.
American Dreams in China is a film purely for Chinese audiences, but how it plays there remains to be seen. It sends the right messages, but whether that’s enough to make it a hit is everyone’s guess. Mainland audiences aren’t quite that easy to “speak” to.
The film began during the period of economic reforms in China in the 1980s. The bookish farm boy Cheng Dongqing (Huang Xiaoming), the ambitious and confident boy Meng Xiaojun (Deng Chao) and the poetic Wang Yang(Tong Dawei), were three friends at university in Beijing and preparing for American visa interviews. Wang was the first to be granted the visa but he gave it up for his western girlfriend, and Cheng was repeatedly denied. Only Meng actually got a study visa. As he was leaving, he told his friends that he wouldn’t come back.
Several years later, Cheng and Wang built a successful school, New Dream, from the ashes of Cheng’s misfortune(his girlfriend got a visa too, and Cheng lost his university teaching job) and Wang’s ability to connect with students often through Hollywood movies. In America, Meng suffered a lot. Disappointed, he went home and joined his friends at New Dream. Later, the three friends’ relationship became worsened, but finally was improved under the weight of their common goals.
小题1:Which of the following films made Peter Chan a most influential director in Hong Kong?| A．American Dreams in China | | B．Comrades: Almost a Love Story | | C．New Dream | | D．He’s a Woman, She’s a Man |
小题2:The underlined word “granted” (in paragraph 3) probably means “_________”. | A．prepared | B．given | C．involved | D．permitted |
小题3:When the three men made preparations for American visa interviews, how many was/were offered a visa?| A．None | B．One. | C．Three. | D．Two |
小题4:What led Cheng and Wang to start a business? | A．The connection with Hollywood movies. | | B．The weight of their common goals. | | C．Cheng’s misfortune and Wang’s ability. | | D．Meng’s disappointment and sufferings. |
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