Dear Reader，Today I"m going to ask you to support Wikipedia with a donation. Sou
题型：不详难度：来源：
Dear Reader，
Today I"m going to ask you to support Wikipedia with a donation. Sounds unusual: Why does one of the world"s five most popular websites ask for financial support from its users?
Wikipedia is built differently from almost every other top 50.We have a small number of paid staff, just twentythree. Wikipedia content is free to use by anyone for any purpose. Wikipedia is run by the nonprofit Wikipedia Foundation, which I founded in 2003.
Wikipedia"s driven by a global community (群体) of more than 150,000 volunteers, all devoted to sharing knowledge freely. More than 275 million people come to our website every month to access information, free of charge and free of advertising.
Your donation helps us in several ways. Most importantly, you will help us cover the increasing cost of managing global traffic to one of the most popular websites on the Internet. Funds also help us improve the software that runs Wikipedia, making it easier to search, easier to read, and easier to write for. We"re bent on growing the free knowledge movement worldwide, by employing new volunteers, and building strategic (战略的) partnerships with institutes of culture and learning.
Wikipedia is different. It"s the largest encyclopedia (百科全书) in history, all written by volunteers.
Like a national park or a school, we don"t believe advertising should have a place in Wikipedia. We want to keep it free and strong, but we need the support of thousands of people like you, for your donation will help keep Wikipedia free for the whole world.
Thank you!
Jimmy Wales
小题1:In the letter, Jimmy Wales, the founder of Wikimedia Foundation tries to ________.| A．compare some top websites | | B．explain how Wikipedia works | | C．introduce a new website to the readers | | D．appeal to Wikipedia users to make donations |
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE about Wikipedia?| A．Due to its less popularity, Wikipedia is no longer attractive to advertising at all. | | B．Over 275 million people come to Wikipedia to access information for free weekly. | | C．Wikipedia, the world"s most popular website, is run by the Wikipedia Foundation. | | D．Unlike others, Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia in history, is written by volunteers. |
小题3:From the letter we can know donations will help do the following for Wikipedia EXCEPT ________.| A．take on some new volunteers | | B．develop an effective new software | | C．access free knowledge more easily | | D．cover the increasing cost of management |
小题4:It can be inferred from the letter that ________.| A．Wikipedia aims to give free access to the sum of all human knowledge | | B．those donating to Wikipedia will be eventually employed as its volunteers | | C．most websites including Wikipedia rely on financial supports from its users | | D．supported by Wikipedia Foundation, Wikipedia wants to be free from advertisements |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A |
解析
试题分析：本文是一篇倡议信，本文主要向读者介绍 Wikipedia 的情况，告知读者 Wikipedia 是非盈利网站，但为了更新软件，希望得到人们的捐助。
小题1:细节理解题。根据文章第一段Today I"m going to ask you to support Wikipedia with a donation.可知作者是呼吁维基百科的用户捐款，选D
小题2:细节题:从第五段的句子：Wikipedia is different. It"s the largest encyclopedia (百科全书) in history, all written by volunteers.可知和其他网站不同的是Wikipedia 是自愿者写的，选D
小题3:细节题：从第四段的描述：Most importantly, you will help us cover the increasing cost of managing global traffic …Funds also help us improve the software that runs Wikipedia, making it easier to search, easier to read, and easier to write for. ….by employing new volunteers,可知捐赠者可以帮助维基百科雇佣更多的志愿者，更自由的获得知识，付越来越多的管理费用。选B
小题4:细节题：从最后一段的句子：We want to keep it free and strong, but we need the support of thousands of people like you, for your donation will help keep Wikipedia free for the whole world.可知维基百科旨在让人们可以自由获得所有的人类的知识。选A |
举一反三
While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.
The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.
But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.
“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population.” Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, “seven-foot beds would work fine.”
Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.
Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses′ Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.
小题1:What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?| A．To provide better services. | | B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants. | | C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall. | | D．To attract more people to become its members. |
小题2:Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?小题3:What may happen to restaurants with small tables?| A．They may lose some customers. | | B．They may start businesses elsewhere. | | C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables. | | D．They have to provide enough space for the long-legged. |
小题4:What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?| A．Tall people pay more for larger beds. | | B．6′6″beds have taken the place of 6′3″beds. | | C．Special rooms are kept for Americans. | | D．Guest rooms are standardized. |
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The way we do things round here
Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, "Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us." That "quite" saddened me. I thought he was saying "we"re kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else." Then I discovered that in American English "quite" sometimes means "very", while in British English it means "fairly".
So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don"t just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．
Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business.
Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o"clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word "late" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.
小题1:The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______．| A．the American bank didn"t think much of him | | B．the American bank might hire another person | | C．it"s difficult to get used to American culture | | D．it"s easy to misunderstand Americans |
小题2:The word "highlights" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.| A．encourages | B．helps to narrow | | C．increases | D．draws attention to |
小题3:According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?| A．Ask the native people for help. | | B．Understand and accept them. | | C．Do things in our own way. | | D．Do in-depth research. |
小题4:When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are______.| A．Italians | B．Germans | C．Greeks | D．the British |
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Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer．But there is one question that has millions of current answers．That question is “What’s your name?”. Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct．
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents．Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used．Some parents choose the name of a well-known person．A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones．
Some people give their children names that mean good things．Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names．A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road．The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest．
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations．The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals．In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village．Some other occupational names are: Carter ---- a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter ---- a person who made pots and pans．
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native villa．The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture．
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities．When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray．Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman．John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer．
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name．English-speaking people added –s or –son．The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert．Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O．Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell．
小题1:Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?| A．Places where people lived. | | B．People’s characters. | | C．Talents that people possessed. | | D．People’s occupations. |
小题2:According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most
probably ____．| A．owned or drove a cart | | B．made things with metals | | C．made kitchen tools or containers | | D．built houses and furniture |
小题3:Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ____．| A．Beatrice Smith | B．Leonard Carter | | C．George Longstreet | D．Donald Greenwood |
小题4:The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s ____． | A．later generations | B．friends and relatives | | C．colleagues and partners | D．later sponsors |
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Agricultural experts met in Ethiopia last week to discuss ways to help sub-Saharan Africa become a major producer of wheat. The area traditionally produced little wheat, while North Africa was the grain basket.
Wheat production fell sharply in sub-Saharan countries during the 1980s. In the 1960s, attempts were made to grow wheat in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa and Zimbabwe. But those countries found it was less costly to import wheat from Europe and the United States. Another problem is that Africa"s wheat farms were often far from population centers. There also were transportation issues. And some lowlands were not a good place to grow wheat.
Hans Joachim Braun,one of the experts, says now is a good time to increase wheat production. In the last four years we have seen three major price hikes, where the wheat price and other staple process (主食加工）exploded. And that puts a big, big bill on countries which are depending on wheat imports, and Africa is the biggest wheat importer.
He also says demand for wheat in sub-Saharan Africa is growing faster than for any other crop. With higher income people would like to have more diversified(多样化）food. But that is possible not the most important one. The most important one is that there is a tremendous migration(移民）of in particular male labor to the cities. And wheat products are convenient food because you can easily buy it. It"s easy to process and you also can store it for a few days, which is different from some of the maize and rice products.
There are three possible challenges for growing more wheat in Africa： climate change, disease and pests, like insects. Mr. Braun says rising temperatures should not have a major effect on wheat. In fact, he says, it could help wheat grow in areas with high rainfall totals. As for fighting disease and pests, experts suggest growing more resistant crops. In addition, railroads and roads would have to be improved so large amounts of wheat could be moved to large markets.
小题1:What does the word "hikes" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?| A．big changes | B．large increases | C．long trips | D．big bills |
小题2:Wheat price exploding indicates_____.| A．sub-Saharan countries need to increase wheat production badly | | B．sub-Saharan countries have to issue more money | | C．sub-Saharan countries should grow more Corn | | D．importing much wheat is urgent |
小题3:Why is there a higher demand for wheat in sub-Saharan Africa？| A．Because the number ofhungry people there is increasing. | | B．Because higher income people have the diversified need of food. | | C．Because male labor are crowding into the cities. | | D．Because the wheat price is lower. |
小题4:According to Mr. Braun the main challenges for growing more wheat in Africa are_____.| A．climate change and disease | | B．resistant crops and climate change | | C．rising temperatures and disease and pests | | D．disease and pests and inconvenient transportation |
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Most summer camps for teens center around sports, or music and arts, or just for having fun． But some girls in the Washington suburb of Arlington County, Virginia, went to camp to get a taste of what its like to be a firefighter．
This is not a typical summer camp． But Michelle Pawlaw is glad she signed up for it．"Getting to experience the fires hands-on is really cool and something that most people don"t get to do," she said．
Michelle and eight other teenage girls are participating in the three-day camp offered by the Arlington County Fire Department located just outside of Washington．
“The purpose is to try to get young women interested in considering the fire service as a career” said firefighter Clare Burley, who is in charge of the program．
The free of charge, overnight camp is designed to let the girls experience what firefighters do in the line of duty to protect the community．
They take classes and learn how to climb the ladder on a fire truck, operate emergency tools and rescue on injured person． They also do their share of cleaning the firehouse and the equipment Firefighting is still a male-dominated （男性主导） service． Clare joined the department seven years ago, saying "We do everything that the guys do to the same standarD．We are tested to the same standarD．We are expected to operate at the same standard．"
Most of the girls say they had never thought about becoming a firefighter, but the camp was a great learning experience．
"I think it is definitely not a job that only men can do. Women can do it just as well as men can," said Michelle Pawlaw．
"I think I can help other people if they need help and know what to do in case I am at a fire myself," said Kayla Ehrlich．
"I think it"s fantastic; I could consider taking it as a career some day．" said Monica Bartorsh．
And, the girls say, by spending three days together, they also made new friends and had a lot of fun．
小题1:____might become a firefighter in the future．| A．Monica | B．Kayla | | C．Michelle | D．Clare |
小题2:What can be inferred from the text?| A．The camp offers classes on curing the injured | | B．Teenage girls will become volunteer firefighters | | C．Women can perform as well as men in firefighting | | D．Firefighting will soon be a female-dominated service |
小题3:What do we know about Clare Burley from the passage?| A．She has served the department for 7 years | | B．She doesn"t like her career as a firefighter | | C．She is the designer of the camp program | | D．She does better in firefighting than men |
小题4:The purpose of the text is____．| A．to attract more campers | | B．to introduce a new type of camp | | C．to praise women firefighters | | D．to gain support from government |
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