Many businesses today use conferences as a means of discussing new plans of the

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Many businesses today use conferences as a means of discussing new plans of the company. As people are paying more attention to the environment and green problems, more businesses are looking for ways to reduce their negative effect on the environment. Many businesses do this by using Web conferencing.
Web conferencing is a technology that allows people to communicate more effectively over the Internet. It’s an easy way of hosting and attending conferences without having to leave the office. Each of the people involved in a Web conference will be posted an invitation to the conference with the time and date of the Web conference on it. When the conference is ready to begin, all participants (参与者) must sit at their computers and they will be connected over the Internet.
With Web conferencing all participants attend conference from the comfort of their own desks. Obviously, in doing this no fuel is used in traveling to and from a conference, and less work is taken up in attending a conference.
Any material to be used during Web conference is simply e-mailed to all the participants before the conference. Participants can then either choose to print material or read it on screen. This not only saves paper but also greatly reduces mailing costs for the business.
As a conference hall or business center isn’t being used, it means that the only power that is used is the power that is used by the participants’ personal computers. Similarly, conference organizers don’t have to arrange for food or overnight accommodation. All this means that less energy is used.
Often in business some companies actively choose to do business with other companies that do many things to reduce their negative impact on the environment. And Web conferencing helps you show other businesses that you are willing to work hard for the green cause.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?

A．Ways of protecting the environment

B．Green benefits of Web conferencing

C．Ways of hosting a Web conference

D．Impact of Web conferencing on costs

小题2:According to paragraph 1, many companies use Web conferencing because they ______.

A．are interested in using any new technology.

B．believe that Web conferencing is more convenient.

C．want to do something to protect the environment .

D．haven’t enough money to hold a traditional conference.

小题3:The participants of a Web conference _____.

A．will be e-mailed an invitation before the conference.

B．are required to sit in an office together.

C．will receive many paper materials.

D．must have access to the Internet.

小题4:Which of the following words best describes the author’s opinion about a Web conference?

A．Useless	B．Environmentally friendly
C．Inconvenient	D．Money-consuming

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B

解析

全文讲述了网络会议的好处。
小题1:主旨大意题。通读全文可知讲述了网络会议的好处。
小题2:细节题。根据第一段第三行more businesses are looking for ways to reduce their negative effect on the environment.
小题3:细节题。根据第二段最后一句they will be connected over the Internet.
小题4:细节题。根据倒数第二段最后一句All this means that less energy is used.可知网络会议少用资源，自然就是环保的。

举一反三

Every day, about one-quarter of American adults eat at fast-food restaurants. Cheap, tasty, and convenient, fast food is rich in fat and calories, and it’s low in fiber and nutrients. Thanks in large part to fast food, half of America’s adults and one-quarter of its children are fat, double the rate of a generation ago. In the past two decades, eating habits have changed as people pay more attention to their health. However, many Americans continue to eat red meat (beef in particular) as well as pork, chicken and other foods. Although beer and wine are popular in most areas, many Americans abstain from alcohol, because they think they will become healthier without drinking it. Various kinds of mineral water are commonly available.
Eating styles and habits vary between people of different backgrounds, but Americans generally eat with the fork in the hand with which they write. A knife is used for cutting and spreading; otherwise, it is laid on the plate or table. Fast foods, such as chips, fried chicken, hamburgers, and pizza, tend to be eaten with the fingers. There is an obvious difference between what people may do at home or in a fast-food restaurant, and how they act in a more formal restaurant. Because both parents often work outside the home, some Americans are less likely to sit down as a family to eat once the children are older and able to prepare their own food or serve themselves.
小题1:How many adults became fat after eating fast foods a generation ago?

A．12.5% of them	B．25% of them
C．50% of them	D．75% of them

小题2:American have changed their eating habits in the past twenty years because ______.

A．they want to keep healthy

B．economy develops faster

C．they have different backgrounds

D．they have to work outside

小题3:The underlined phrase “abstain from” in Para. 1 probably means ______.

A．feel like

B．get close to

C．suffer from

D．get rid of

小题4:We can infer from the passage ______.

A．some fast foods aren’ t eaten with tools in America

B．Americans always eat fried chicken with a knife

C．Americans prefer to eat outside than at home

D．Americans always go home having meals as a family

小题5:Which would be the best title of the passage?

A．Fast foods in the US.

B．Various cultures of the US.

C．Diet and eating in America.

D．Changes about Americans eating.

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People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on earth. And they celebrate them in many different ways.
In China and in Japan, for example, the arrival of New Year is more important than a person’s birthday. So everyone adds a year to celebrate their ages on New Year’s Day, instead of on their birthdays,
In Brazil, the special birthday food isn’t cake, but special candles. In China, it’s long noodles—for long life. In Iceland, people have pancakes with candies rolled inside them on birthdays.
In Britain, a birthday is an all-day celebration. At school, the birthday child is lifted up and “bumped” by his classmates. This means the child is lifted by the feet and arms and bumped to the ground, once for each year once for good growth. In Israel, the same custom is followed, except the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair.
In Holland, children not only get presents, but also give things out. They give cakes, cookies and candles to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays.
In Mexico, it’s good luck to give birthday greetings as early in the day as possible. So it’s usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by fiends singing birthday songs.
In India, birthday celebrations also begin before dawn. Prayers and blessings must be said before morning comes.
In Thailand, two tall candles are lighted the night before the birthday. One is as tall as the birthday person. If it goes out early, it’s bad luck. Another customs of Thailand is that they buy live fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person frees the animals, and it brings good luck.
In Nigeria, people in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together, on a certain day.
In many countries birthday customs are changing. Old customs are giving way to western style of birthdays, with candle topped cakes. But one thing never changes—birthdays are special days for everyone!
小题1:It’s a custom to lift and lower the birthday person in a chair in _____.

A．Britain	B．Israel
C．Britain and Israel	D．Israel and Thailand

小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．In Thailand people give fish and birds to the birthday person as presents.

B．In Holland people give presents to unbirthday persons on their birthdays.

C．In Nigeria people who were born in the same period may celebrate their birthdays on the same day.

D．In Thailand a candle will be lighted on the birthday night.

小题3:What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Different countries have different birthdays.

B．Celebrating birthdays is exciting.

C．Different ways of celebrating the birthday in different countries.

D．Everyone likes celebrating his or her birthday.

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The World’s Most Impressive subways

小题1:Which of the following gives the passengers the best visual enjoyment?

A．The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines．	B．The Moscow Metro．
C．The London Metro．	D．The Hong Kong MTR．

小题2:According to the passage, the only subway that can bring more financial gains is ______．

A．the Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines	B．the Moscow Metro
C．the London Metro	D．the Hong Kong MTR

小题3:We can learn from the passage that Shanghai Metro ______．

A．is the busiest system in the world

B．carries the most people each day

C．may be larger than the Chicago Subway in the future

D．has become the world"s largest subway since it opened

小题4:The purpose of the passage is to _____．

A．give us a brief introduction to some subway systems

B．introduce the working system of some railways station

C．tell the general background of world-wide transportation

D．show the historical development of underground system

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Machu Picchu is considered to be a truly extraordinary archaeological(考古学的) discovery and is one of South America’s largest tourist sites. As many as one thousand visitors visit the ancient Incan（印加文化的） ruins daily. What draws vacationers and adventurers to this remote location high in the Andes Mountains of Peru（秘鲁）? A large part of the attraction is the mysteries that surround Machu Picchu. For example, Machu Picchu is considered “the lost city” of the Incas because it was never found by Spanish invaders and was known to only a few local peasants for almost four hundred years.
The “city in the clouds”, Machu Picchu’s lasting beauty comes from the careful blending of its striking architecture with its mountaintop environment. Its greatest skill shows are in the stone structures, which equals that of the ancient Egyptians. The stone blocks were so appropriately cut that they fit together without the need for mud. The largest stones at Machu Picchu weigh as much as fifteen tons! It has been difficult to explain how the huge blocks were transported. The buildings, including many that have survived lots of earthquakes, contain stones which interlock so perfectly that a knife cannot be forced between them. When compared to other ancient civilizations, it is difficult to understand how Machu Picchu could have been missed by the Spanish and lost from history for four hundred years.
For many of the mysteries of Machu Picchu being unsolved, it is clear why Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins in all of South America”.
小题1:Which of the followings is NOT a mystery of Machu Picchu?

A．Machu Picchu is called the “city in the clouds”.

B．Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins of South America”.

C．Machu Picchu is “the lost city” of the Incas.

D．Machu Picchu is the largest stone city of the world.

小题2:The underlined word “interlock” probably means _________

A．put

B．fit

C．meet

D．lie

小题3:From the passage we can learn that __________.

A．Machu Picchu has gone through lots of earthquakes

B．all of the mysteries of Machu Picchu have been solved

C．the city has never been discovered by people outside

D．Machu Picchu is the most valuable ruins in history.

小题4:The purpose of writing the passage is to __________.

A．ask us to pay a visit to Machu Picchu

B．show us the beauty of Machu Picchu

C．introduce Machu Picchu’s mysteries

D．make the ancient Incan ruins known

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Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
小题1:John Sauven holds that_____.

A．many people value nature too much

B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities

D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

小题2:What is the main idea of Para. 3?

A．The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

B．Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

C．Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

D．All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

小题3:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?

A．Objective.	B．Disapproving.
C．Sceptical.	D．Optimistic.

小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A．	B．
C．	D．

CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion

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