Every day, about one-quarter of American adults eat at fast-food restaurants. Ch

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Every day, about one-quarter of American adults eat at fast-food restaurants. Cheap, tasty, and convenient, fast food is rich in fat and calories, and it’s low in fiber and nutrients. Thanks in large part to fast food, half of America’s adults and one-quarter of its children are fat, double the rate of a generation ago. In the past two decades, eating habits have changed as people pay more attention to their health. However, many Americans continue to eat red meat (beef in particular) as well as pork, chicken and other foods. Although beer and wine are popular in most areas, many Americans abstain from alcohol, because they think they will become healthier without drinking it. Various kinds of mineral water are commonly available.
Eating styles and habits vary between people of different backgrounds, but Americans generally eat with the fork in the hand with which they write. A knife is used for cutting and spreading; otherwise, it is laid on the plate or table. Fast foods, such as chips, fried chicken, hamburgers, and pizza, tend to be eaten with the fingers. There is an obvious difference between what people may do at home or in a fast-food restaurant, and how they act in a more formal restaurant. Because both parents often work outside the home, some Americans are less likely to sit down as a family to eat once the children are older and able to prepare their own food or serve themselves.
小题1:How many adults became fat after eating fast foods a generation ago?

A．12.5% of them	B．25% of them
C．50% of them	D．75% of them

小题2:American have changed their eating habits in the past twenty years because ______.

A．they want to keep healthy

B．economy develops faster

C．they have different backgrounds

D．they have to work outside

小题3:The underlined phrase “abstain from” in Para. 1 probably means ______.

A．feel like

B．get close to

C．suffer from

D．get rid of

小题4:We can infer from the passage ______.

A．some fast foods aren’ t eaten with tools in America

B．Americans always eat fried chicken with a knife

C．Americans prefer to eat outside than at home

D．Americans always go home having meals as a family

小题5:Which would be the best title of the passage?

A．Fast foods in the US.

B．Various cultures of the US.

C．Diet and eating in America.

D．Changes about Americans eating.

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:C

解析

文章是关于美国的饮食习惯变化。
小题1:计算题。根据第一段第3,4行half of America’s adults and one-quarter of its children are fat, double the rate of a generation ago.现在是百分之50.是a generation ago的两倍，说明当时是百分之12.5.
小题2:细节题。根据第一段第五行as people pay more attention to their health.
小题3:猜测词义题。根据下文they think they will become healthier without drinking it.很多人认为不喝酒会更健康，可以推断出很多人戒酒了。
小题4:细节题。根据第二段3,4行Fast foods, such as chips, fried chicken, hamburgers, and pizza, tend to be eaten with the fingers
小题5:主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章是关于美国的饮食习惯变化。

举一反三

People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on earth. And they celebrate them in many different ways.
In China and in Japan, for example, the arrival of New Year is more important than a person’s birthday. So everyone adds a year to celebrate their ages on New Year’s Day, instead of on their birthdays,
In Brazil, the special birthday food isn’t cake, but special candles. In China, it’s long noodles—for long life. In Iceland, people have pancakes with candies rolled inside them on birthdays.
In Britain, a birthday is an all-day celebration. At school, the birthday child is lifted up and “bumped” by his classmates. This means the child is lifted by the feet and arms and bumped to the ground, once for each year once for good growth. In Israel, the same custom is followed, except the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair.
In Holland, children not only get presents, but also give things out. They give cakes, cookies and candles to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays.
In Mexico, it’s good luck to give birthday greetings as early in the day as possible. So it’s usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by fiends singing birthday songs.
In India, birthday celebrations also begin before dawn. Prayers and blessings must be said before morning comes.
In Thailand, two tall candles are lighted the night before the birthday. One is as tall as the birthday person. If it goes out early, it’s bad luck. Another customs of Thailand is that they buy live fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person frees the animals, and it brings good luck.
In Nigeria, people in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together, on a certain day.
In many countries birthday customs are changing. Old customs are giving way to western style of birthdays, with candle topped cakes. But one thing never changes—birthdays are special days for everyone!
小题1:It’s a custom to lift and lower the birthday person in a chair in _____.

A．Britain	B．Israel
C．Britain and Israel	D．Israel and Thailand

小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．In Thailand people give fish and birds to the birthday person as presents.

B．In Holland people give presents to unbirthday persons on their birthdays.

C．In Nigeria people who were born in the same period may celebrate their birthdays on the same day.

D．In Thailand a candle will be lighted on the birthday night.

小题3:What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Different countries have different birthdays.

B．Celebrating birthdays is exciting.

C．Different ways of celebrating the birthday in different countries.

D．Everyone likes celebrating his or her birthday.

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The World’s Most Impressive subways

小题1:Which of the following gives the passengers the best visual enjoyment?

A．The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines．	B．The Moscow Metro．
C．The London Metro．	D．The Hong Kong MTR．

小题2:According to the passage, the only subway that can bring more financial gains is ______．

A．the Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines	B．the Moscow Metro
C．the London Metro	D．the Hong Kong MTR

小题3:We can learn from the passage that Shanghai Metro ______．

A．is the busiest system in the world

B．carries the most people each day

C．may be larger than the Chicago Subway in the future

D．has become the world"s largest subway since it opened

小题4:The purpose of the passage is to _____．

A．give us a brief introduction to some subway systems

B．introduce the working system of some railways station

C．tell the general background of world-wide transportation

D．show the historical development of underground system

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Machu Picchu is considered to be a truly extraordinary archaeological(考古学的) discovery and is one of South America’s largest tourist sites. As many as one thousand visitors visit the ancient Incan（印加文化的） ruins daily. What draws vacationers and adventurers to this remote location high in the Andes Mountains of Peru（秘鲁）? A large part of the attraction is the mysteries that surround Machu Picchu. For example, Machu Picchu is considered “the lost city” of the Incas because it was never found by Spanish invaders and was known to only a few local peasants for almost four hundred years.
The “city in the clouds”, Machu Picchu’s lasting beauty comes from the careful blending of its striking architecture with its mountaintop environment. Its greatest skill shows are in the stone structures, which equals that of the ancient Egyptians. The stone blocks were so appropriately cut that they fit together without the need for mud. The largest stones at Machu Picchu weigh as much as fifteen tons! It has been difficult to explain how the huge blocks were transported. The buildings, including many that have survived lots of earthquakes, contain stones which interlock so perfectly that a knife cannot be forced between them. When compared to other ancient civilizations, it is difficult to understand how Machu Picchu could have been missed by the Spanish and lost from history for four hundred years.
For many of the mysteries of Machu Picchu being unsolved, it is clear why Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins in all of South America”.
小题1:Which of the followings is NOT a mystery of Machu Picchu?

A．Machu Picchu is called the “city in the clouds”.

B．Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins of South America”.

C．Machu Picchu is “the lost city” of the Incas.

D．Machu Picchu is the largest stone city of the world.

小题2:The underlined word “interlock” probably means _________

A．put

B．fit

C．meet

D．lie

小题3:From the passage we can learn that __________.

A．Machu Picchu has gone through lots of earthquakes

B．all of the mysteries of Machu Picchu have been solved

C．the city has never been discovered by people outside

D．Machu Picchu is the most valuable ruins in history.

小题4:The purpose of writing the passage is to __________.

A．ask us to pay a visit to Machu Picchu

B．show us the beauty of Machu Picchu

C．introduce Machu Picchu’s mysteries

D．make the ancient Incan ruins known

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Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
小题1:John Sauven holds that_____.

A．many people value nature too much

B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities

D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

小题2:What is the main idea of Para. 3?

A．The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

B．Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

C．Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

D．All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

小题3:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?

A．Objective.	B．Disapproving.
C．Sceptical.	D．Optimistic.

小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A．	B．
C．	D．

CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion

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Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects" hard outer shells. The material"s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp ("虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called "shrilk." It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic"s toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and "60s. Decades later, however, plastic"s very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they"re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They"re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They"re even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
小题1:Paragraph I of the passage is mainly about shritk"s_____.

A．remarkable design	B．interesting name
C．major features	D．basic elements

小题2:What has become a concern about plastic?

A．Using it properly.

B．Producing it cheaply.

C．Developing its properties quickly.

D．Evaluating its contributions fairly.

小题3:According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_____.

A．it can help plastic degrade

B．it can be found in living things

C．its mass production has been realized

D．its raw materials are abundant in mature

小题4:What are the inventors doing in the lab?

A．Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.

B．Testing ahrilk"s use in wet conditions.

C．Making shrilk out of used household goods.

D．Improving shrilk"s flexibility for medical purposes.

小题5:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A．Recent Progress in Environmental Protection

B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research

C．The Harm of One-time Products

D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic

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