[1] Scientist proves better busy than doing nothing, research has found. Keeping
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[1] Scientist proves better busy than doing nothing, research has found. Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negativeemotions, the study found.
[2] However, the bad news is that humans seem born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christopher Hsee, a behavioural scientist at Chicago University.
[3] In a study 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever choice they chose, they received a chocolate bar. Two-thirds (68 per cent) chose to take a shortcut. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put. Prof Hsee concluded __________________ helped keep people happy.
[4] He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy guidance. "Governments may increase the happiness of idle（闲散的）citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless", he suggested.
[5] At the individual level, he advised: "Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it." He added, "By the way, thinking deeply or busy with self-reflection counts as keeping busy, too. You do not need to be running around—you just need to be busy, either physically or mentally."
小题1:What is the purpose of the text? (no more than 8 words)
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小题2:Why did two-thirds (68 per cent) choose to take a shortcut? (no more than 8 words)
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小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 2 words)
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小题4:What does the word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to? ( no more than 2 words)
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小题5:What is the main idea of the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
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答案
小题1:To persuade / advise / tell us to keep busy / busier.
To tell us the busier, the happier.
小题2:Because humans seem born to be lazy.
小题3:keeping busy/being busy
小题4:doing things/doing something/being busy/keeping busy
小题5: We need to be busy, either physically or mentally. (答对逗号前部分，只得1分) |
解析
试题分析：本文主要讲述的是一些研究报告显示无论在什么时候，我们都要让自己一直很忙碌，因为忙碌对我们的身体有很大的好处。
小题1:To persuade / advise / tell us to keep busy / busier.
To tell us the busier, the happier.
根据文章第一段内容可知让自己忙碌总比什么也不做好，对我们的健康有很大的好处。故本文是为了说服我们不要懒惰，要忙碌起来。
小题2:Because humans seem born to be lazy.
细节题。根据第二段第一行the bad news is that humans seem born to be lazy in order to save energy。
小题3:keeping busy/being busy
根据前句Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put.可知那些选择步行的人感觉更快乐。故这里应该填写keep busy让自己忙碌。
小题4:doing things/doing something/being busy/keeping busy
推理题。根据Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it." He added,说明这里的it就是指前面的让自己做一些事情，即使有些事情没有意义。
小题5: We need to be busy, either physically or mentally. (答对逗号前部分，只得1分)
段落大意题。根据本段最后一句You do not need to be running around—you just need to be busy, either physically or mentally."可知要让自己无论是精神上还是在身体上都忙碌起来，这样才充实。
点评：本文主要讲述的是一些研究报告显示无论在什么时候，我们都要让自己一直很忙碌，因为忙碌对我们的身体有很大的好处。本文所设试题主要考察细节查找，对于文章中的细节题，要注意文本内容的理解。关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。 |
举一反三
Lack of exercise is considered a risk factor for cancer. There is considerable evidence that inactivity is connected with increased risk for lung cancer, breast cancer, etc.
In the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, more than 32,000 people (25,000 men and 7,000 women) were given a preventive medical examination that included a machine exercise test to measure physical fitness. They were given a physical fitness score, with one being the lowest and five being the highest fitness level. Then these people were followed for an average of 8 years. During this time, 179 men and 44 women died of cancer.
Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study show people have lower rates of cancer with higher levels of physical fitness. Studies from the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas suggest that men with high fitness levels are less likely to die of cancer.
The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study also found that fitness level was more important than weight in predicting longevity (长寿). While results showed that fitness and normal weight are the ideal combination, researchers found that men who were fat but performed well in the machine performance had just a slightly increased all-cause death rate, including cancer, compared to the more slim men. The fat, but fit, men particularly lived longer than the slim, but flabby (肌肉松弛的), men.
These statistics called for a warning to the overweight: The first health goal for the overweight should be to become as fit as possible at their current weight.
67. 小题1:The text mainly talks about________.| A．the effect of exercise on reducing chances of cancer | | B．how to lose weight effectively | | C．different ways to keep slim | | D．fat men live longer than slim ones |
68. 小题2:What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?| A．The study on the life of the overweight. | | B．The study on the relationship between taking exercise and cancer. | | C．The study on the ways of losing weight. | | D．The study on the effects of machine exercise. |
69. 小题3:Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?| A．Fitness levels have more effects than weight on people’s longevity. | | B．A man who is fit and has normal weight is most likely to live longer. | | C．Slim men are more likely to live longer. | | D．Fat people who like exercising are also likely to live longer. |
70. 小题4:The author thinks the most important thing for the overweight is to ______.| A．increase their fitness levels | B．choose to eat vegetables | | C．be on a diet | D．ask for help from doctors |
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I know what you’re thinking: pizza? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the morning if you want to.
I know lots of women who don’t have breakfast, and they have many different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re “saving” calories（卡路里）, still others just don’t like breakfast food.
But eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers found that those who don’t have breakfast have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,”I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it…you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
小题1:The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means __________. | A．pizza topped with fruit | B．things left undone | | C．food remaining after a meal | D．meals made of vegetables |
小题2:According to the last paragraph, it is important to__________. | A．be careful about what you eat | B．eat something for breakfast | | C．heat up food before eating it | D．eat calorie-controlled food |
小题3:What can we infer from the text?| A．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast. | | B．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. | | C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. | | D．Eating vegetables helps save energy. |
小题4:The text is written mainly for those__________.| A．who go to work early | B．who go to bed late | | C．who eat before sleep | D．who want to lose weight |
小题5:What does the author advise the readers to do?| A．Better eat up all the food at dinner in the night. | | B．Better eat less in the night. | | C．Better eat leftovers in the morning. | | D．Better get up late and eat nothing in the morning in order to burn more calories. |
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When you run, you put force that is equal to three times your body weight on your feet. The human foot contains twenty muscles. This means that there is a lot that can go wrong when you run.
Most sports have some kind of running or jumping So experts at many shoe companies work hard to design good sport shoes. First, a designer enters a plan for a shoe into a computer .Engineers then improve the design. A second computer designs a model for the shoe. Then a few pairs are made. Next, the shoe is tested.
Different kinds of sports shoes are made for different uses. Some are made to help marathon(马拉松) runners save energy during a race. Some are made for the stop-and-go kind of running tennis players. But all sport shoes have one thing in common: they are designed to help people’s feet comfortable during sports. Today, nearly every sport has its own special shoe designed for just the kind of running that sport needs.
小题1:The first in making a new shoe is to ________.| A．make a computer | B．put a design plan into a computer | | C．design a shoe model | D．test several pairs |
小题2:Why are good sport shoes welcome to people?| A．Because they are comfortable to wear. | | B．Because they help to develop leg muscles. | | C．Because they help to change body weight. | | D．Because they are both good and cheap. |
小题3:What is not talked about in the passage?| A．The number of the bones of human muscles. | | B．The design for a shoe model. | | C．The materials of sport shoes. | | D．The effect of shoes upon sports. |
小题4:How many steps are there in the making of a shoe?小题5:Different kinds of sport shoes ________.| A．are made in different shoe companies | | B．are designed for people of the different weight | | C．are of the same price | | D．meet the needs of different sportsmen |
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What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can"t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is "similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury", like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小题1:The passage is most probably a______.| A．news report | B．research report | | C．story for soccer players | D．text for doctors |
小题2:In which way can we find the structural changes in the brain?| A．Computerized test. | B．Questionnaire.. | | C．Scanning. | D．M.R.I. technique. |
小题3:From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have_____.| A．significant effect on brain | B．little effect on one"s brain | | C．nothing to do with the brain injury | D．one"s memory improved |
小题4:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?| A．Playing soccer frequently. | B．Tests of their memory. | | C．White matter loss. | D．Information processing. |
小题5:The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to______.| A．remembering | B．misunderstanding | | C．recalling | D．missing |
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Europe’s deadly outbreak of a rare form of E. coli bacteria (大肠杆菌) has brought new attention to food safety issues. One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick?
Of course, one way to avoid these medical mysteries is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This is easier said than done, but scientists keep looking for new ways.
Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. These can be sources of E. coli. E. coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E. coli are harmless but some can make people sick.
The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.
Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research center in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.
MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to detect contamination in produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”
The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit.
Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.
MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”
The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.
小题1:What is the main topic of the text?| A．Bacteria. | B．A high-tech scanner. | C．A camera | D．Food safety. |
小题2:E. coli bacteria ______.| A．broke out all over the world | B．comes from soil or animal waste | | C．is extremely harmful to health | D．does not cause illness |
小题3:The high-tech scanner ______.| A．can help to sort out different fruits | | B．make the produce appeal to shoppers | | C．can only capture images of the whole apple | | D．can identify the presence of contaminants |
小题4:What can be inferred from the text?| A．The scanner needs to be improved. | | B．The scanner will be available in the next several years. | | C．Moon Kim is unwilling to develop the scanner. | | D．The scanner is connected to a sorting machine. |
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