What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer b

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What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can"t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is "similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury", like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小题1:The passage is most probably a______.

A．news report	B．research report
C．story for soccer players	D．text for doctors

小题2:In which way can we find the structural changes in the brain?

A．Computerized test.	B．Questionnaire..
C．Scanning.	D．M.R.I. technique.

小题3:From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have_____.

A．significant effect on brain	B．little effect on one"s brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injury	D．one"s memory improved

小题4:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?

A．Playing soccer frequently.	B．Tests of their memory.
C．White matter loss.	D．Information processing.

小题5:The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to______.

A．remembering	B．misunderstanding
C．recalling	D．missing

答案

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:D

解析

试题分析：这篇文章主要讲了研究表明用头顶足球，可造成脑部白质的缺失，从而影响记忆、注意力以及视力。
小题1:这篇文章主要讲了用头顶足球，对脑部造成的伤害，所以这是一篇研究报告，故选B。
小题2:根据using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can"t be seen during most scans，故选D。
小题3:根据the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.所以答案为A。
小题4:根据loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times，因此选C。
小题5:根据the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.可猜出"fumbling"意思是丢失的，因此选D。
点评：要想答好题目，重在理解全文意思。这篇文章比较难，先看问题，再带着问题读短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文内容，总结全文中心，然后再回到问题上来，很容易选出正确答案。多了解一些常识性知识有利于阅读理解。如果对文章的相关背景有所了解，读起文章一定既省时又省力。因此，在学习过程中，了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的。