Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) mater

Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) mater

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Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects" hard outer shells. The material"s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp ("虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called "shrilk." It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic"s toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and "60s. Decades later, however, plastic"s very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they"re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They"re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They"re even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
小题1:Paragraph I of the passage is mainly about shritk"s_____.
A.remarkable designB.interesting name
C.major featuresD.basic elements
小题2:What has become a concern about plastic?
A.Using it properly.
B.Producing it cheaply.
C.Developing its properties quickly.
D.Evaluating its contributions fairly.
小题3:According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_____.
A.it can help plastic degrade
B.it can be found in living things
C.its mass production has been realized
D.its raw materials are abundant in mature
小题4:What are the inventors doing in the lab?
A.Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.
B.Testing ahrilk"s use in wet conditions.
C.Making shrilk out of used household goods.
D.Improving shrilk"s flexibility for medical purposes.
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
B.Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C.The Harm of One-time Products
D.A Possible Alternative to Plastic

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:D
解析
这是一篇新闻报道,事物类说明文,讲述的主题是"shrilk.",哈佛大学的研究人员仿照昆虫外壳研制出了一种既坚硬又廉价的物质。这种物质由虾壳和蚕丝提取物制作而成,可降解,非常环保。
小题1:段落大意题。第一段第一句介绍了shrilk的主要特征即tough, low-cost, biodegradable,而本句是本段的主题句。
小题2:细节考查题。由第二段的第二句Decades later, however, plastic’s very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.可知之。
小题3:细节考查题。由第四段的第二句可知之。
小题4:细节考查题。由第二段的第二句中的so they are exploring ways to use it in wet environment可知之。
小题5:主旨大意题。本文是新闻报道,主要介绍的是一种新环保材料shrilk。
举一反三

Death Valley, one of America’s great national parks, is a place of strange and silent beauty. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes. There are mountains that reach more than 3,000 meters into the sky. There is a place called Badwater that is the lowest area of land in the Western Hemisphere. If there were water there, it would be 86 meters below the level of the ocean.
Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can produce sudden flooding on the floor of the Valley. The air temperature during the summer has been as high as 57℃. The sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as 74℃. The extreme heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past. It will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive those who are not careful.
Death Valley is a good example of the violence of nature. It contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions. Evidence of one of these explosions is called Ubehebe Crater. The explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide.
In many areas of Death Valley it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This movement has created unusual and beautiful rock formations. Some are red. Others are dark brown, gray, yellow or black. Other areas of rock look as if some huge creature violently broke and twisted the Earth to create unusual, sometimes frightening shapes.
In other parts of Death Valley there are lines in the rock that show clearly that this area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years. Much of the Valley is flat and extremely dry. In fact, scientists believe it is the driest place in the United States.
Death Valley, part of the Great Mojave Desert, is a huge place. It extends more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California, and across the border with Nevada.
小题1:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The water in Badwater is 86 meters below the level of the ocean.
B.The highest air temperature in summer can reach as high as 74℃.
C.The ground has been pushed up violently by explosions of volcanoes.
D.There might have been marine lives living in Death Valley.
小题2:Why were some people killed by Death Valley?
A.Because they didn’t respect Death Valley and thus they were punished.
B.Because it is extremely hot in summer and dangerously cold in winter.
C.Because they were not careful enough to take with them what they needed.
D.Because several volcanoes erupted and caused huge explosions.
小题3:The underlined word “twisted” in Paragraph 4 most possibly mean ______.
A.bent and turnedB.created and developed
C.built and shapedD.changed and ruined
小题4:The purpose of the article is to _______.
A.encourage people to visit Death Valley, a beautiful national park in America
B.warn people not to visit Death Valley because it is quite dangerous there
C.introduce to us readers a special national park in America, Death Valley
D.raise money for the protection of Death Valley because it is in danger now

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The crisis at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear energy center caused by the terrible earthquake has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry. Arjun is president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in the United States. He says the disaster in Japan is historic.
This week, the chairman of America’s nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmful radiation(辐射) from Japan could reach the United States. Gregory also said America has a strong program in place to deal with earthquake threats. No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since 1979. That was when America’s worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy. At present, about twenty percent of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear energy.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would close seven nuclear power centers for the time being while energy policy is reconsidered. The European Union is planning to test all centers in its twenty-seven member nations.
Developing nations are less willing to slow down the development of nuclear. China says it will continue with plans to build about twenty-five new nuclear reactors(核反应堆). And India, under a cooperation agreement with the United States, plans to spend billions on new centers in the coming years.
Nuclear reactors supply fourteen percent of global electricity. Nuclear energy is a clean resource, producing no carbon gases. But radioactive waste is a serious problem to be solved. So is the presence of nuclear power centers in earthquake areas like the one near Bushehr, lran.
小题1:We can learn from the text that America ________.
A.experienced a terrible nuclear accident 32 years ago
B.has a strong program to deal with radiation danger
C.depends heavily on nuclear energy to produce electricity
D.will check all the reactors before cooperating with India
小题2:According to the text, which country will be most likely to have a similar disaster?
A.German.B.IranC.India.D.China.
小题3:How does the author seem to feel about the future of nuclear energy?
A.Satisfied.B.Pleased.C.Worried.D.Surprised.
小题4:The best title of the text is ______.
A.Various Opinions on Japan’s Nuclear Disaster
B.Japan’s Disaster is Likely to Run Out of Control
C.America Shows Great Concern for Japan’s Nuclear Crisis
D.Japan’s Disaster Throws Doubt on Nuclear Energy Industry

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The Voice of America began during the World War II. When Germany was broadcasting a radio program to get international  36  , American officials believed they should  37  the German broadcast with words that they thought were the facts of world events. The first VOA news report began with words in 38  . “The 39  may be good or bad, but we shall tell you the truth.” Within a week, other VOA 40  were broadcasting in Italian, French and English.
After the World War II ended in 1945, some Americans felt VOA’s 41  had to be changed, 42  the Soviet Union became enemy of America. They wanted to 43  Soviet listeners. Then VOA began broadcasting in Russian.
In the early years VOA began adding something new to its broadcast that was 44  “ Music USA”. Another new idea came along in 1959. VOA knew that many listeners did not know 45  English to completely understand its 46  English broadcast. So VOA 47  a simpler kind of English, 48  uses about 1,500 words and is spoken 49  of course, it is special English.
In the 50  of most VOA listeners, the most 51  program is the news report. News from around the world 52  into the VOA news rooms in Washington 24 hours a day. It comes from VOA reporters in 53 cities and also from other 54  like BBC. VOA writers and editors use these materials to 55  news reports, which are being broadcast in 43 languages.
小题1:
A.businessB.cultureC.supportD.information
小题2:
A.replyB.answerC.joinD.interrupt
小题3:
A.sameB.shortC.EnglishD.German
小题4:
A.newsB.problemsC.effectsD.opinions
小题5:
A.stationsB.newsC.announcersD.officials
小题6:
A.homeB.positionC.purposeD.results
小题7:
A.ifB.supposingC.consideringD.in order that
小题8:
A.reachB.satisfyC.attackD.support
小题9:
A.knownB.reportedC.calledD.printed
小题10:
A.AmericanB.BritishC.standardD.enough
小题11:
A.normalB.fastC.goodD.exact
小题12:
A.inventedB.discoveredC.taughtD.stopped
小题13:
A.itB.whoC.whichD.that
小题14:
A.pleasureB.courseC.opinionD.advice
小题15:
A.pleasureB.courseC.opinionD.advice
小题16:
A.difficultB.importantC.variousD.common
小题17:
A.fliesB.sendsC.deliversD.pasts
小题18:
A.allB.majorC.AmericanD.news
小题19:
A.broadcastsB.formsC.newspapersD.countries
小题20:
A.broadcastB.announceC.translateD.prepare


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How much do you want to pay for a CD by your favorite singer Jay Chou? Five Yuan for a pirated(盗版的) one, or more for a real one? Wang Ye, 14, said she would like the real one although the pirated one is cheaper.” A real one is worth keeping for years.” said the girl from No.1 middle school in Wu Han, Anhui. “Real CDs always sound better to me.”
What can we do? People want to do more to help those like Wang to get real CDs.
This week the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry asked many countries to act against piracy(盗版行为).
In many places in China, the government is checking audio and video products. Pirated ones are broken into pieces.
Piracy is in your daily life. Don’t believe it? A study by 21st Century Teens found that more than 75 percent of juniors had listened to pirated music. They say this is because pirated products are usually much cheaper than the real ones.
Why are real CDs so expensive? When a music company makes music, it needs to pay the song writers and singers. It costs a lot of money! This makes the price of the CDs go up. Piracy like stealing. People who make pirated copies of CDs take away the writers’ and singers’ work without paying them. They even don’t ask them if they can.
So next time you’d better keep your eyes brightened when you see cheap CDs. Remember you’re helping someone to do something wrong if you buy them.
How do you know what’s real.
Already made up your mind to buy real ones? Well, you should get to know what real CDs look like. A real CD has the name and trademark(商标) of the music company on the cover. The company’s address, telephone number and fax number are on it.
If you open the CD box you"ll see the singer"s name and the album title. Most important of all, a real CD has a number from the IFPI on it.
But people who make pirated CDs only need the real CD and disks to copy them. That’s why some CDs are only five Yuan, but some many sell for 150 Yuan.
小题1:Real CDs are more expensive because ______.
A.it takes longer to make them
B.more people are needed to make them
C.a lot of money is paid to singers and writers.
D.better ways are used to make them
小题2:Buying pirated CDs is just like _______.
A.stealing
B.robbing
C.helping someone to do something wrong
D.helping someone
小题3:From the passage we get to know that some pirated company are_______.
A.moved away B.doing something wrong C.broken D.made smaller

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Nowroz: Iranian New Year or Nowroz is celebrated on the first day of spring sometime in March. People sing, dance and parade as in a carnival through the streets with drums and trumpets to spread the news of the coming new year.
Rosh Hashanah: The Jewish New Year is called “Rosh Hashanah”, and is celebrated in the month of September. It is a holy (神圣的) time when people think of the things they have done wrong in the past, and promise to do better in the future. Special prayers are held, and an instrument called a Shofar is played. Children are given new clothes, and New Year loaves are baked and fruits are served to remind people of harvest time.
Shogatsu: In Japan, the New Year (Shogatsu) celebrations are from January 1 to January 3 and most Japanese don’t work during these days. In Japan, the New Year is a fresh start. This means that in December all duties should be completed. Parties are held to forget the worries and troubles of the old year. Homes and cars are decorated. On New Year’s Eve, most people spend their time with their families.
Bahai New Year: The Bahai people have their own calendar consisting of nineteen months of nineteen days plus a couple of extra days between the eighteenth and nineteenth months. They have, however, adopted the Iranian custom of beginning the New Year in the spring equinox (春分). The New Year celebrations are held on the evening of March 20th.
小题1:During the Jewish New Year,        .
A.people don’t mention things they have done wrong
B.children often wear new clothes
C.loaves and fruits are often not allowed to be served
D.Shofar is their favourite food
小题2:Which of the following festivals are celebrated in the same month?
A.Nowroz and Shogatsu.
B.Rosh Hashanah and Shogatsu.
C.Nowroz and Rosh Hashanah.
D.Nowroz and the Bahai New Year.
小题3:What can we learn from the text?
A. Japanese families often stay together to celebrate Shogatsu.
B. The Bahai people usually hold a carnival to celebrate the New Year.
C. The Jewish harvest fruits to celebrate Rosh Hashanah.
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