Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a trad
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Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly pubs can be dangerous places of potential gaffes (失礼) for the newcomers. A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown customs of British pubs-starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters-you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.
Pub culture is designed to promote sociability (社交) in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior. “If you haven"t been to a pub, you haven"t been to Britain.” This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists" Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers" rule of conduct for those wanting to sample “a central part of British life and culture”．
The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
小题1: The underlined word “sample” in the first paragraph probably means “________”． | A．taste | B．experience | C．test | D．record ． |
小题2:The culture of pub in Britain is so developed to ______. | A．encourage people to communicate with each other | | B．encourage more people to consume drinks | | C．attract more tourists to the pubs | | D．form its own character of culture |
小题3:If you don"t follow the local rules in a pub, ________. | A．you won"t buy good local drinks | | B．you may annoy the regular customers and bar staff | | C．you may fail to feel the local culture | | D．you might get into a dangerous place |
小题4:What may be the best title for the passage?| A．Self-service Pubs in Britain | B．British Local Pubs: Special Chat Places | | C．Local Pub Culture in Britain | D．Manners in British Local Pubs |
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答案
小题1:B
小题1:A
小题1:C
小题1:C |
解析
小题1:文章第一段讲的是对初来者来说酒吧是体验当地文化的最好地方，故 ample 意为 experience。
小题1:根据文章第 3 段前三句可知 A 项正确。
小题1:根据文章第四段第 1 句可知 C 项正确。
小题1:文章主要讲述的就是英国当地的酒吧文化，故 C 项正确。 |
举一反三
There were quite a lot of things that the philosophers of the old times got right and one of those things was that there is a very strong need for lawyers and government in a society. The government looks to protect and help you in times of need and the lawyers are there to fight for your case if you a re treated unfairly. Just like then, there is still a need for government to help people when they need help now in today’s world. This sort of help can come from when people need social security benefits because they become disabled after some sort of accident.
If you have become disabled in recent days, then you certainly have rights go to find out whether you are qualified to receive the social security disability benefits. The social security disability is for those who have become disabled or are disabled due to some sort of accident that may have happened and that forces you to be out of work. This can be very frustrating because being out of work means that you cannot make money that you need in order to provide for yourself and those you are possible taking care of. This is where the government comes into play. The government will help you out with this and possibly give you money in order to keep yourself from ending up on the streets.
They understand that accidents do happen and that there needs to be some sort of help for those who get into accidents and cannot provide for themselves. If you are sure that you have a disability, get in touch with the social security department for more information. Meyers Law Firm can help you get the social security disability benefits you have rights to gain.
小题1:This passage talks mainly about .| A．suggestions for you to contact related department | B．the disabled need protection from lawyers. | | C．how you ask for help when having an accident | D．the government helps the disabled people |
小题2: If you are disabled the author suggests you .| A．find out whether you can get the money | B．go to the related department to treat | | C．ask your family members to give a hand | D．provide evidence for the social department |
小题3:When having an accident and becoming disabled people need to .| A．ask the lawyers for help | B．turn to the government for help | | C．fight for their benefits | D．seeking money from the accident |
小题4:What does the underlined part mean in the 2nd paragraph?| A．Make you homeless. | B．Get you to live a happier life. | | C．Stop you wandering in the street. | D．End your poor life. |
小题5:The social security disability is given to those who .| A．are out of work making no money | B．have a deadly illness in the hospital | | C．become disabled after an accident | D．have the disabled in their family |
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People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why．
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes．
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said．“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth．”
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral．They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies．
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did．“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said．“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less．”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion．From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion．Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation．
小题1:The discovery shows that Westerners _______.| A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth | | B．consider facial expressions universally reliable | | C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways | | D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions |
小题2:What were the people asked to do in the study?| A．To make a face at each other． | B．To get their faces impressive． | | C．To classify some face pictures． | D．To observe the researchers’ faces． |
小题3:What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 5 refer to?| A．The participants in the study． | B．The researchers of the study． | | C．The errors made during the study． | D．The data collected from the study． |
小题4:In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________.| A．do translation more successfully | B．study the mouth more frequently | | C．examine the eyes more attentively | D．read facial expressions more correctly |
小题5:What can be the best title for the passage?| A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul | | B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions | | C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills | | D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding |
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In some countries，people eat rice every day．36 they eat it two or three times a day，for breakfast， lunch and supper． They can 37 it， fry（煎）it or 38 it into rice noodles．They usually eat it 39 meat，fish and vegetables．
Some people do not eat some kind of 40． Muslins，for example，do not eat pork，and Hindus do not eat beef．
The Japanese eat a lot of fish．Japan is an island and its 41 go all over the Pacific looking for fish to 42．The Japanese sometimes eat uncooked fish，and they also eat a lot of rice．
In 43 such as Britain，Australia and the United States，the most important food is 44 or potatoes． People there usually make their bread from wheat flour． They 45 potatoes in different ways． They can boil them，fry them and roast（烤）them．
In Africa，maize（玉米）is the most important food．46 rice and wheat，maize is a kind of cereal（谷物）． African people make the maize 47 flour． From this flour they make 48 kinds of bread and cakes．Many Africans are very 49 and they can’t afford to eat much 50 with their cereal．
Cereals are a very important kind of food 51 we also need plenty of vegetables and lots of fresh 52．
Some people eat 53 fruit and vegetables． They do not eat meat or fish or54 that comes from animals． They eat only food from 55． Some people say that food from plants is better for us than meat．
| 小题1: | | A．Sometimes | B．Sometime | C．Some time | D．Some times |
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| 小题3: | | A．make | B．turn | C．change | D．eat |
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| 小题4: | | A．as | B．like | C．with | D．together |
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| 小题5: | | A．apples | B．fish | C．meat | D．vegetables |
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| 小题6: | | A．trains | B．planes | C．fishing boats | D．life boats |
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| 小题7: | | A．buy | B．weigh | C．hold | D．catcj |
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| 小题8: | | A．the world | B．countries | | C．the east | D．developing countries |
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| 小题9: | | A．bread | B．cake | C．flour | D．vegetables |
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| 小题13: | | A．the same | B．different | C．every | D．each |
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| 小题14: | | A．rich | B．poor | C．strong | D．weak |
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| 小题15: | | A．meat | B．maize | C．flour | D．bread |
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| 小题17: | | A．rice | B．cakes | C．fruit | D．potatoes |
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| 小题18: | | A．not only | B．only | C．besides | D．except |
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| 小题19: | | A．something | B．anything | C．pork | D．beef |
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| 小题20: | | A．plants | B．apples | C．pigs | D．fish |
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People smile at times. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and amusement, but it can also show embarrassment.
People in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other in order to show they are open and friendly. However，in China, smiling is not only an expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid being embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer（嘲笑）. For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, which is a kind of gentle encouragement and not a kind of impolite laugh.
When a person from the United States might blush（脸红）with embarrassment or become offensive(冒犯的), a Chinese might blush with smile. To avoid serious misunderstanding, people who engage in intercultural communication should be able to understand the meaning of smiling properly.
小题1: We can use smile to express all of the following feelings except _________,| A．joy and happiness | B．amusement | C．embarrassment | D．fear |
小题2: People often smile at each other in the United States because _________.| A．they are very happy | | B．they want to show they are friendly | | C．they want to hide their true feelings | | D．they want to avoid embarrassment |
小题3: In China, seeing a child falls off a bike, an adult will smile in order to _______.| A．laugh at him | | B．avoid his own embarrassment | | C．avoid embarrassment and encourage the boy | | D．show his politeness |
小题4: What is mainly talked about in the passage? | A．People smile at times. | | B．Smiling can express different feelings depending on different cultures. | | C．Americans are more open and friendly than Chinese people. | | D．The Chinese people often hide their true feelings. |
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Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare（仪式上用的短曲）; there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted (赤脚的); and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.
Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment.
The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet （花束）enters last with her father who will "give her away ". The bridegroom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar, the bride and bridegroom exchange vows (誓言). It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part ". Following the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.
After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the new couple . The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and bridegroom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (鸣汽车喇叭)and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.
小题1:This passage is written mainly to let us know something about _______ . | A．health and lifestyle | B．science and technology | | C．culture and custom | D．education and entertainment |
小题2:Why do the wedding guests throw a lot of rice at the bride and bridegroom when they run to the car ? | A．To wish them good luck . | B．To make fun of them. | | C．Not mentioned . | D．To draw attention to them . |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE of American weddings ? | A．They are always held in churches whoever they are . | | B．The bride’s father is usually present to lead his daughter to the bridegroom and give her to him . | | C．Only bridegrooms send rings to brides . | | D．Brides needn’t make vows before bridegrooms . |
小题4:Which of the following is the correct order in which the following events happen ?
a. sending invitation b. going on honeymoon
c. attending the wedding d. giving a reception
e. getting engaged| A．e-b-c-d-a | B．e-c-d-a-b | C．b-c-d-a-e | D．e-a-c-d-b |
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