Many Americans are turning to Japan, they think, a country of high academic achi

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Many Americans are turning to Japan, they think, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one survey, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese preschools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as determination, concentration, and the ability to work as a member of a group. The huge majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
Like in America, there is diversity (多样性) in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated（一流的） schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing (智能化) in some Japanese kindergartens.
小题1:We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe .

A．Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents

B．Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements

C．Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction

D．Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs

小题2:In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on .

A．preparing children academically	B．developing children’s artistic interests
C．developing children’s potential	D．shaping children’s character

小题3:Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?

A．They can do better in their future studies.

B．They can make more group experience grow there.

C．They can be self-centered when they grow up.

D．They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.

小题4:Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to .

A．broaden children’s knowledge	B．train children’s creativity
C．lighten children’s study load	D．enrich children’s experience

答案

小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:C

解析

略

举一反三

They are among the 250, 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that makes up 40 percent of the nation’s unemployed. A storm of anger boils up at the government-sponsored (政府资助的) youth center, even among those who are continuing their studies.
“We study for jobs that don’t exist,” Nicollets Steggerda, 23, said.
After thirty years of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has reached as much as 11 percent, affecting a total of 12.3 million people, and the number is climbing.
The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Continent. The title of a rock song “No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France.
One form of protest(抗议) tends to put the responsibility for a country’s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity.
Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents. Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation, even the right to a standard of living that they see around them.
“And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the café, and sit and stare,” said Isabella Cault. "There is usually not much conversation. You look for happiness. Sometimes you even find it.”
小题1:Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected _______

A．about 0.6 million people	B．250,000 people
C．1ess than half of the population	D．one million people

小题2:What Nicollete Steggerda said (Para.2) means that ________.

A．what the students learn is more than necessary

B．the students cannot get work after graduation

C．the students’ aim in study is not clear

D．school education is not sufficient

小题3:The underlined word ‘‘it” in the last paragraph most probably refers to ________.

A．material enjoyment	B．a sense of expectation
C．a job	D．happiness

小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．British youths have pity on the unemployed on the Continent．

B．British youths care about unemployment in France and Belgium．

C．British youths show their disappointment over joblessness．

D．British youths have confidence to find work on the Continent．

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China’s Ministry of Culture has recommended 10 cyber games(网络游戏) that are suitable for minors to play as part of its drive to purify the on-line environment for the young.
The 10 cyber games were selected by the ministry’s on-line games censorship committee from scores of games recommended by the Chinese public.l
The games are all domestic products. They include five role playing games (RPG), four recreation and chess games, and one educational game, such as “Warring States Ⅱ Online,” “Rainbow Island Online,” and “Wonderlands of learning and games.”
These games have made their way into the final recommendation list because they are considered “healthy” and can “enhance intelligence,” according to the ministry.
The ministry hoped the list could serve a a guidance for parents to better direct their children in the winter vacation, which usually lasts nearly two months from January to February each year.
This was the third time for the ministry to publish recommended cyber games list. The previous two were made public respectively in January 2006 and August 2005 with a total of 25 games inlisted.
In the past few years, on- line games have become the favorite pastime of young people. However, it is argued that such social problems as game addiction, juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) and perversion among minors by on-line violence and pornography (色情) have come from an inadequately regulated Internet.
About 9.72 percent of Chinese netizens between the ages of 13 and 30 suffer Internet addiction, said a report issued last month by the China Youth Association for Network Development (CYAND).
According to the China Internet Network Information Center (CINIC), the main Internet watchdog, China had 210million Internet users at the end of 2007 and its online population is on course to become the world’s largest at the beginning of this year.
Net users between 18 and 30 accounted for 49.9percent of the total users. Although the CINIC did not give the figure of those below 18, teenagers and youths have obviously taken up more than half of the total number of net users. And the number of users under age 18 increased rapidly last year, the CINIC noted.
小题1:What do you know about the 10cyber games ?

A．They are expected to help parents to better direct their children in the summer vacation.

B．They include five RPG, forty chess games and one educational game.

C．They are suitable for teenagers.

D．They are all foreign products.

小题2:According to the passage, how many teenagers and youths become net users at the end of 2007?

A．Mor than 105 million.

B．Less than 105 million.

C．About 210 million.

D．104.79 million.

小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?

A．A lot of Chinese netizens suffer Internet addition.

B．On-line games can cause a lot of social problems such as game addition, juvenile delinquency.

C．Parents sometimes have trouble in directing their children about on-line games.

D．The ministry has recommended 25 games till now.

小题4:What’s the best title of the passage?

A．How to purify the on-line environment for the young.

B．10 “suitable” cyber games for teenagers.

C．The disadvantages of cyber games.

D．Chinese authority lists 10 “suitable” E-games for teenagers.

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三、阅读理解（40分）
Maps are our oldest literature(文献),older than books.People think a map was the first thing the human ever wrote to communicate each other.Perhaps one million years ago,with a stick in the mud of a lake bed,the earlier human drew some lines to stand for a lake,a river,a thick forest and some good hunting grounds beyond the forest.
It made so much sense that people took it for magic(魔术),they expressed the world in a picture.There was something so real about this new thing called "map" that it helped us believe we could get there.It not only strengthened belief that good hunting existed beyond the forest,but it strongly suggested that the future existed;it was a place we could go to and be there tomorrow.What a comfort.On maps all paths lead somewhere.
41.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Maps can"t be used to communicate each other.
B.Maps have the same long history as books.
C.No matter how hard you study them,maps don"t make any sense.
D.None of the above is true.
42.The earlier human used lines drawn in the mud to express_________.
A.the whole world                              B.real places
C.strong belief                                          D.great comfort
43.Now people regard some lines drawn by the earlier human as _________.
A.the beginning of maps           B.the chanting form of maps
C.real maps                      D.a part of maps
44.It can be concluded that _________.
A.maps are the most useful way of communicating each other
B.the first map showed somewhere far away
C.the first map showed somewhere very near
D.the first map showed all directions

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第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分。）
The government wanted to put _ 36_ a big office building in the capital and had to choose an engineering company to do __37__ work. Several big companies wanted the job , because it would bring _38__ a lot of money __39__ they could get it , but, of course, they could not all have it, so the government had to decide__40_ of them should be the lucky __41__ .So they appointed (任命，派) a government official to __42__ the various companies’ offers , decide which was the most suitable , and then advise the Minister of Works which of them to choose.
After some months, the choice was _43_ and work was about to begin _44__
one of the companies which had not been successful complained(抱怨) to the Minister . They said the official who had been responsible for __45__ him on the choice of a company to do the work had accepted bribes (贿赂)。
The Minister at once ordered an inquiry (调查) into the whole matter, and after a month had __46__ that the official had __47__ taken birbes. He therefore sent for him and asked for __48_ .
The official admitted that he had taken big bribes . “But ,” he said , “I did not just take one from the _49__ to which I recommended（推荐） that you __50___ the work. I took a bribe from each company and promised to give them the work. ”
“Well, then,” said the Minister, “__51___ did you finally make your choice? Did you choose the one that gave you the biggest bribe?”
“Certainly __52___ , sir.” answered the official, deeply    53__ that the Minister should scold him __54___ such dishonesty. “I was very careful to take __55___ the same bribe from each of the companies that were trying to get the job, and then choose the one that I thought would do the work best and most cheaply, of course.”
36. A. down        B. out           C. up              D.forward
37. A. a            B. the            C. any             D. x
38. A. that          B. it             C. them            D.what
39. A.because       B. if             C.as               D.before
40. A.one           B. some          C. any             D.which
41. A. job           B. work           C. one            D.companies
42. A.see          B. go over         C. look             D.examine
43. A. made        B. done           C. taken            D. chosen
44. A.when        B. while          C. as               D. before
45. A.asking       B. advising         C.persuading       D.suggesting
46. A. proof        B. question        C.result             D. problem
47. A.probably       B.indeed           C.in fact          D.possibly
48. A. a study     B. a discussion    C.an explanation     D.an examination
49. A. company      B.office             C.official            D.building
50. A. should give    B.would give     C.should have given       D.gave
51. A. Why          B.How             C.What               D.When
52. A. no            B.so               C.yes                 D.not
53. A. thought       B.regarded          C.noticed             D.felt
54. A. for           B.with              C.at                  D.of
55. A. greatly        B.exactly            C.nearly              D.not

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“When one of the doctors criticizes(批评) me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I’m not wrong,” says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction（反应） to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism.
Try to be objective(客观的).When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol’s reaction was to feel sorry for himself. “I had put everything I had into making that sale,” Sol says. “And I felt that I had failed as a person.I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure.”
Take time to cool down. Rather than react at once to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person’s position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.
Take positive（积极的） action. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be “nothing”. “I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there ,” says Sheila. “His criticisms didn’t really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them.” In Sheila’s case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job However, that’s an extreme(极端的) reaction.
You may simply explain your opinion without expecting an in-depth（深入的） discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn’t worth fighting this time. The key, in any case , is to have a reasonable plan.
64. When Sol was criticized by his employer, he________.
A. argued bitterly with his employer
B. was angry and gave up his job
C. was sorry for what he did
D. was sad and self-pitying
65. According to the writer, you should take time to think about criticism because ________.
A. people may have a mistaken idea of what you did
B. you should welcome other people’s opinions
C. people may discuss it with you in depth
D. you need time to understand yourself
66. When the writer says that “The best answer may be ‘ nothing’ ”,he means you may
decide _________.
A. to take no notice of the criticism          B. to argue with your boss
C. you need to change your job             D. you’ve done nothing wrong
67.The writer thinks Sheila might decide to leave her job because her boss______.
A.didn’t like her appearance         B. refused to change his opinion
C.made an unreasonable critcism    D.refused to talk to her about the criticism

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