Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absen

Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absen

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Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absentminded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,”explains the professor.“People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman"s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures”.
Twenty percent of all errors were “test failures”— primarily due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out
of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. A woman victim reported:“I got into the bath with my socks on.”
The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the
names of people whose faces they knew,went into a room and forgot why they were
there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.
The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from secondtosecond control of a wellpractised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.
1.The purpose of Professor Reason"s research is  _______.
A.to show the difference between men and women in their reasoning
B.to classify and explain some errors in human actions
C.to find the causes which lead to computer failures
D.to compare computer functions with brain workings
2.Which of the following might be grouped under “programme assembly failures”?
A.A woman went into a shop and forgot what to buy.
B.A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.
C.A lady fell as she was concentrating on each step her feet were taking.
D.An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.
3.The word “verifying” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by _______ .
A.improvingB.changingC.checkingD.stopping
4.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to _______ .
A.the destruction of information collecting system
B.the elimination of one"s total memory
C.the temporary loss of part of one"s memory
D.the separation of one"s action from consciousness
答案

1----4     BDCC     
解析

1.这是一道细节题。Professor Reason根据自愿者的日记,把他们心不在焉而做错事的原
因分为:programme assembly failures, test failures,和storage failures等,并对此进行了研究。说明了他的目的是对人们行为错误进行分类和解释。答案为B。
2.这是一道细节推断题。根据因progassembly failures而出现的差错(把耳环当狗食扔给狗,而把狗食戴在自己的耳朵上)可以判断,一位老人穿上鞋子后,又试图再穿自己的袜子属于这种错误类型。答案为D。 
3.这是一道猜义题。第三段第一句话说明人们发生错误的其中一个原因是没有检查自己将要做什么的,所以,verifying(检验,验证)的意思是checking。答案为C。 
4.这是一道猜义题。短文第四段第二句说明这种类型的错误是暂时失去部分记忆。答案为C。 
举一反三

I came to study in the United States a year ago. Yet I did not know the real American society until I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor—and go to court(法庭).
After the accident, my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful
and determined to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $ 200 for what he had done. I was astonished. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my injury, I"d have to have a good lawyer. And only a good doctor can help me get a good lawyer. Now that he had helped me find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.
But every time I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $ 115 each time. The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $ 215.
My lawyer was at all smiles the first time we met. But after that he avoided
seeing me at all. He knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss(解雇) him. And he made mepay him $ 770.
Now I had to act as wn lawyer. Due to my inexperience,I told the insurance company the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time,… and I left without getting a cent.
My experiences taught me two things about America:firstly,in a country like America money is everything. It is more important than friendship,honour or professional morality(职业道德). Secondly, foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America, we should see both its good and bad sides.
1.The author"s roommate offered to help him because
A. he felt sorry for the author.
B. he thought it was a chance to make some money.
C. he knew the doctor was a very good one.
D. he wanted the author to have a good lawyer. 
2.A good doctor is essential for the author to  ________.
A. be properly treated
B. talk with the person responsible for the accident
C. recover before he leaves America
D. eventually get the responsible party to pay for his injury 
3.The word “charge” in this passage means________.
A. be responsible    B. accuse     C. ask as a price        D. claim 
4.Both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very ________.
A. friendly          B. greedy     C. professional         D. busy 
5. What conclusion can you draw from the story?
A. Going to court is something very common in America.
B. One must be very careful while driving a car.
C. There are more bad sides in America than good sides.
D. Money is more important than other things in the US. 
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the least important positions.21  of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility placed upon them at the very  22  of their career.They were  23  to the broom(扫帚), spending the first hours of their business lives   24 the office.
And here is the basic  25  of success, the great secret:  26  your energy, thought, and capital (资本) wholly on the business in which you are  27 .Having begun in one line, determine to fight it out on that  28 , to lead in it, adopt every  29  , have the best machinery, and know the most about it.
The companies which fail are those which have 30  their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains  31  .They have investments in this, or that, or  32  , here, there, and everywhere.“Don"t put all your eggs in one basket” is all  33 , I tell you.“Put all your eggs in one basket, and then  34  that basket”.Look round you and take  35 ; men who do that do not often fail.It is easy to watch and carry the one basket.It is trying to carry too many baskets  36 breaks most eggs in this country.He who  37  three baskets must put one on his  38  , which is likely to fall down.One  39  of the American businessman is lack of concentration.
Remember: put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket. 40  Emerson says, "no one can cheat you out of final success but yourselves."
21.A.None         B.Few              C.All          D.Many
22.A.beginning      B.end           C.point           D.promotion
23.A.ordered        B.promoted           C.introduced            D.stated
24.A.sweeping out   B.taking out      C.bringing out       D.picking out
25.A.inspiration     B.condition            C.plan              D.case
26.A.concentrate    B.devote             C.apply        D.bury
27.A.charged        B.engaged            C.prepared    D.done
28.A.position      B.career           C.row          D.line
29.A.improvement   B.chance           C.learning      D.rise
30.A.gathered    B.forbidden          C.got          D.scattered
31.A.also          B.either            C.neither        D.yet
32.A.one            B.the other          C.others      D.the others
33.A.apparent      B.clear            C.wrong      D.perfect
34.A.notice      B.observe            C.stare         D.watch
35.A.notice        B.comment         C.interest       D.concentration
36.A.what          B.that               C.whoever      D.whichever
37.A.brings         B.takes              C.carries      D.owns
38.A.mind         B.brain              C.head         D.hand
39.A.fault          B.advantage          C.pattern       D.model
40.A.When         B.While              C.Which      D.As
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

Q:
I’d like to know about fluency.What can I do to feel better when I’m talking to other people? Do you have some ways to learn it faster? Please help me!   —Roberto in Brazil
A:
Roberto wants to know how to become more fluent in English, and this is something you want to be able to do “fast”.
First, if you get to meet English speakers much, the important rule is to listen not just to native speakers of English, but also to very good users of English.If you don’t, then listen to the radio, TV or films in English.
The next step is to notice what it is that speakers of English do, which makes them sound fluent.The first trick(诀窍) is to probably have confidence.Some people think they might make mistakes.Don’t worry about that.Your listeners will usually try hard to understand you — a few grammar mistakes aren’t going to worry them.
What you do need to worry about is pronunciation, especially stress(重音).When you learn a new word or expression, learn it with its stress.Notice how a native speaker says it or look it up in a dictionary.
Another good thing that speakers of English do is to have a few tricks up their sleeves(袖子) for when they need to give themselves thinking time.Sometimes they use “filler sounds” like er, um and so on.
It is also useful to know how to bring other speakers into your conversation so that you keep them interested - and this is often done by asking questions like “What do you think?” “How do you feel about this?” and so on.
So, to become a fluent speaker, you’ll need to put into practice all these kinds of things.And there’s the key: practise, practise, practise.             -Susan Fearn
56.Susan first encourages English learners to      .
A.meet English speakers     B.listen to very good speakers
C.talk to English speakers   D.buy a radio or a TV set
57.When mentioning pronunciation, Susan pays special attention to   .
A.stress B.expressions      C.dictionaries      D.words
58.What do the underlined words “to have a few tricks up their sleeves” probably mean?
A.To wear a lot of clothes.                   
B.To have a secret plan or idea.
C.To hide some tricks into their sleeves. 
D.To have sleeves covering their whole arms.
59.What do we know from the passage?
A.One can only learn stress from dictionaries.
B.Grammar mistakes worry one’s listeners a lot.
C.Asking questions can make one’s conversation attractive.
D.One can become fluent if one practises one of the suggestions.
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

The words of Gandhi, Einstein and other great thinkers are to be quoted in service announcements on London’s Underground.
Transport for London has asked Turner Prize-winning artist Jeremy Deller to edit a list of mottos to be used by tube drivers.Gandhi’s “there is more to life than increasing its speed” and the artist Cezanne’s “we live in a rain-bow of chaos” are among the quotes.Deller hopes they will make passengers’ journeys a bit more thought-provoking(发人深省的).
Deller’s original plan was to abolish all public announcements for a day.“It makes me feel annoyed,” he said.“It’s like some psychological warfare(战争 ) on the passengers.”
But his idea was refused by the manager of Transport for London, who instead agreed to the plan of replacing some announcements with something more human and attractive.
Sally Shaw, who is running the scheme for Transport for London, says it is part of an attempt to improve day-to-day interaction and rely less on automated announcements.
“I think everyone has their own little philosophy on their journeys.And if we can get more of that out in the air, that would be great,” she said.
Susy Wells, one of the drivers to test the idea out on the London Underground, is also enthusiastic about it.
She said, “I like to make my own announcements and it’s nice to get passengers to think as well.”
What’s more, some quotes are helpful to the drivers.They help the passengers become more understanding about the drivers’ work.
The quotes such as Thomas Fuller’s “a stumble(绊脚) may prevent a fall” are popular for helping explain why a little inconvenience was sometimes necessary to keep the system safe.
53.The underlined phrase “tube drivers” probably means______.
A.taxi drivers    B.subway drivers            C.truck drivers   D.bus drivers
54.Why did Deller want to abolish all public announcements on the underground?
A.Because they cause a war among passengers.
B.Because the public announcements make Deller tired.
C.Because the public announcements are dull.
D.All public announcements are not suitable for the passengers.
55.The reason why the sayings are to be quoted on London’s Underground is ______.
A.that everyone has their own life motto
B.that sayings are believed to be more human and attractive
C.that sayings can help develop spiritual civilization in London
D.that saying can make drivers think more
56.The best title of this passage would be _____.
A.Changes on London’s Underground
B.Culture on London’s Underground
C.Some Quotes Seen on London’s Underground
D.Introduction to London’s Underground
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

As time goes on, I am no longer young, I have friends whose mothers have passed away.  I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers   1   it was too late to tell them. I am blessed with the dear mother who is still alive. I   2   her more each day. My mother does not change, but I   3  . As I grow older and wiser, I realize   4   an extraordinary" person she is. How   5   that I am unable to speak these words in her   6 , but they flow easily from my pen.
As a daughter, how to thank her mother for life itself?? For the love, patience and just   7   hard work that go into   8  a child? For running after a toddler (学走步的小孩), for understanding a   9   teenager, for tolerating a college student who knows  10 ? For waiting for the day when a daughter   11   how wise her mother really is?
How does a   12   woman thank a mother for   13   to be a mother? For being ready   14   advice when asked or remaining   15   when it is most appreciated? For not saying, “I told you so,” when she could have said these words  16  ? For being  17  herself-loving, thoughtful, patient, and forgiving? I don" t know how, dear God, except to ask you to bless her as richly as she   18   and to help me live up to the example she has   19 . I pray that I will look as good in the eyes of my children as my mother   20   in mine.
1.A.as             B.that           C.until               D.when
2.A.approve        B.appreciate     C.need               D.resemble
3.A.do             B.have           C.did              D.will
4.A.how            B.that          C.who               D.what
5.A.sad             B.glad           C.comic              D tragic
6.A.absence          B.presence       C.appearance         D.existence
7.A.common        B.plain          C.normal            D.usual
8.A.raising          B.rising           C.developing         D.training
9.A.childish         B.energetic      C.fearless            D.moody
10.A.anything       B.something     C.everything          D.nothing
11.A.detects        B.discovers      C.recognizes          D.realizes
12.A.pretty         B.foolish         C.green           D.grown
13.A.failing        B.intending      C.continuing         D.keeping
14.A.by         B.with           C.for                D.on
15.A.silent        B.quiet          C.cool               D.noiseless
16.A.dozen times   B.a dozen of times C.dozens of times   D.dozen of time
17.A.valuably    B.essentially     C.naturally           D.actually
18.A.devotes      B.deserts        C.deserves            D.desires
19.A.set         B.settled          C.placed             D.fixed
20.A.sees        B.finds           C.is                 D.looks
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