Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absen

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Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absentminded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,”explains the professor.“People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman"s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures”.
Twenty percent of all errors were “test failures”— primarily due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out
of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. A woman victim reported:“I got into the bath with my socks on.”
The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the
names of people whose faces they knew,went into a room and forgot why they were
there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.
The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from secondtosecond control of a wellpractised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.
1.The purpose of Professor Reason"s research is  _______.
A.to show the difference between men and women in their reasoning
B.to classify and explain some errors in human actions
C.to find the causes which lead to computer failures
D.to compare computer functions with brain workings
2.Which of the following might be grouped under “programme assembly failures”?
A.A woman went into a shop and forgot what to buy.
B.A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.
C.A lady fell as she was concentrating on each step her feet were taking.
D.An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.
3.The word “verifying” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by _______ .
A.improvingB.changingC.checkingD.stopping
4.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to _______ .
A.the destruction of information collecting system
B.the elimination of one"s total memory
C.the temporary loss of part of one"s memory
D.the separation of one"s action from consciousness

答案

1----4     BDCC     

解析

1.这是一道细节题。Professor Reason根据自愿者的日记，把他们心不在焉而做错事的原
因分为：programme assembly failures, test failures,和storage failures等，并对此进行了研究。说明了他的目的是对人们行为错误进行分类和解释。答案为B。
2.这是一道细节推断题。根据因progassembly failures而出现的差错(把耳环当狗食扔给狗，而把狗食戴在自己的耳朵上)可以判断，一位老人穿上鞋子后，又试图再穿自己的袜子属于这种错误类型。答案为D。 
3.这是一道猜义题。第三段第一句话说明人们发生错误的其中一个原因是没有检查自己将要做什么的，所以，verifying(检验，验证)的意思是checking。答案为C。 
4.这是一道猜义题。短文第四段第二句说明这种类型的错误是暂时失去部分记忆。答案为C。