阅读理解。 "Who made your T-shirt?" A Geo letown University student raised that q
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阅读理解。 |
"Who made your T-shirt?" A Geo letown University student raised that question. Pietra Rivoli, a professor of business, wanted to find the answer. A few weeks later, she bought a T-shirt and began to follow its path from Texas cotton. rim to Chinese factory to charity bin (慈善捐赠箱). The result is an interesting new book. The trat " s of a T-shirt in the Global Economy (经济). Following a T-shirt around the world in a way to make her point more interesting, but it also frees Rivoli from the usual arguments over global trade. She goes wherever the T-shirt goes, and there are surprises around every corner. In China, Rivoli shows why a clothing factory, even with its poor conditions, means a step toward a better are for the people who word there. In the colorful used-clothing markets of Tanzania, she realizes that "it is only in this final stage of life that the T-shirt will meet a real market," where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color. Rivoli " s book is full of me able people and scenes, like the noise, the bad air and the"muddy-sweet smell (泥土香味) of the cotton." She says, "Here in the factory, Shanghai smells like Shallo water Texas." Rivoli is her best when making those sorts of unexpected connections, She even finds one between the free traders and those who are against globalization. The chances opened up by trade are vast, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check. True economic progress needs them both. |
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1. What do we learn about Professor Rivoli? |
A. She used to work on a cotton farm. B. She wrote a book about world trade. C. She wants to give up her teaching job. D. She wears a T-shirt wherever she goes. |
2. By saying T-shirts "meet a real market", Rivoli means in Tanzania _____. |
A. cheaper T-shirts are needed B. used T-shirts are hard to sell C. prices of T-shirts rise and fall frequently D. prices of T-shirts are usually reasonable |
3. What does the word"them" underlined in the last paragraph refer to? |
A. Free markets. B. Price changes. C. Unexpected connections. D. Chances opened up by trade. |
4. What would be the best title for the text? |
A. What T-shirts Can Do to Help Cotton Farms B. How T-shirts Are Made in Shanghai C. How T-shirts Are Sold in Tanzania D. What T-shirts Can Teach Us |
答案
1-4: BCAD |
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阅读理解。 |
As societies develop, their members start to see things not so much according to what they need, but according to what they want. When people have enough money, these wants become demands. Now, it" s important for the managers in a company to understand what their customers want if they are going to develop effective marketing strategies (策略). There are various ways of doing this. One way at supermarkets (超市), for example, is to interview (采访) customers while they" re doing their shopping. They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied. This provides information on which to base future marketing strategies. It"s also quite normal for top managers from department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing freely with the public, as if they were ordinary customers, to get an idea of how customers act. Another way to get information from customers is to give them something. For example, some fast food restaurants give away tickets in magazines or on the street that permit customers to get part of their meal for nothing. As well as being a good way of attracting customers into the restaurants to spend their money, it also allows the managers to get a feel for where to attract customers and which age-groups to attract. Another strategy used at some well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their work, touting the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like that. This provides them with a perfect chance to examine the scene and watch the customers without being noticed. |
1. The text is designed for _____. |
A. mangers B. salesmen C. researchers D. customers |
2. Which of the following can help managers get useful information? |
A. Visiting customers themselves. B. Giving customers free food on the street. C. Visiting parks as ordinary customers. D. Asking customers questions at supermarkets. |
3. What does the word "this" underlined in the last sentence refer to? |
A. Visiting Disneyland. B. Wearing attractive clothes. C. Acting Mickey Mouse. D. Dressing up and walking around. |
4. The main idea of the text is _____. |
A. how to do market research B. how to develop marketing strategies C. how to find out customers" social needs D. how to encourage customers to spend more money |
阅读理解。 |
Last year more than one million Filipinos worked abroad as servants, nurses, sailors and in other difficult but low-paid jobs. Southeast Asians leave their poorer countries for their richer neighbours. Many of these wage-earners return in the end. In the meantime, they send home huge amounts of money- in the Philippines" case, over 10% of its GDP. Between January and November, the amount was up 18% on the same period of 2005, Poverty and unemployment are still high in the Philippines and other labour-exporting (劳务输出) countries. They would be far worse but for this outflow of bodies and inflow of dollars. As for those Asian countries that import (输入) labour, as in Europe, falling birth rates mean they are going to need more foreign workers. On January 13th leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed an agreement to help migrant (流动的) workers-with the realization that the flow of labour between their countries is a growing problem that they cannot blame on outsiders. A 2005 study showed that 8.4 million Southeast Asians worked outside their home countries, but this did not include the huge numbers of Indonesians doing so without papers. So the true total is probably rather higher. Of the ten ASEAN countries, the Philippines, Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos export labour, Singapore and Brunei import it, and Thailand and Malaysia do both. Sziraczki of the UN"s International Labour Organization points out that, in the next ten years, the total labour force of the worker exporting countries should grow by about a third. It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. People in the receiving countries seem to be worried about competition for their jobs. Most Thais said their government should admit (准入) no more foreign workers, and a few thought otherwise. Even in Singapore, just over ball of people are against admitting more foreign workers. Malaysians think that the increase in foreign workers has worsened crime rates (犯罪率). |
1. It can be inferred from the case of the Philippines that _____. |
A. the country is Asia"s main source of migrant workers B. labour exports lead to a 10% growth of its GDP C. the outflow of labour helps solve its social problems D. the country both exports and imports labour force |
2. The flow of labour is a growing problem because _____. |
A. there is a greater flow of labour than reported B. more Indonesians work abroad without papers C. some countries suffer from low birth rates D. the ASEAN is against admitting foreign workers |
3. For the labour-importing countries, the flow of labour may lead to _____. |
A. higher birth rates B. lower crime rates C. greater money inflows D. stronger job competition |
4. The writer of the text seems to _____. |
A. support the flow of labour between countries B. report fairly on the question of labour flow C. express his worries over the ASEAN"s decision D. regard the outflow of labour as a serious problem |
阅读理解。 |
Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed. IP rights protect the artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/ she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing. But today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who creative music, art and literature. In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, form a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights. |
1. According to the writer, in the beginning, If rights were mainly of use to ______. |
A. those creating music, art and literature B. novelists C. engineers and inventors D. those not receiving financial reward for their work |
2. What do we know about the internet according to the passage? |
A. It makes IP rights harder to protect. B. It sells songs and films. C. It does not affect the way we understand IP rights. D. It prevents the production of artwork. |
3. According to paragraph 2, what has "taken the world by storm"? |
A. Intellectual property rights. B. The Internet. C. Free downloading. D. The large number of songs, films and books. |
4. A possible title for this passage could be ______. |
A. A History of IP Rights B. Ways to Protect Your IP Rights. C. The Present and the Future Of IP D. IP Rights and Our Attitudes |
Reading comprehension. |
Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week. The bad news: Stamp prices are expected to rise 2 cents in May to 41 cents, the Postal Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news: With the introduction of a "forever stamp", it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or 3-cent stamps to make up postage differences. Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the regular rate of a first-class stamp. As the name implies, "forever stamps" will keep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up. The new "forever stamp" is the United States Postal Service"s (USPS) answer to the complaints about frequent rate increases. The May increase will be the fifth in a decade. Postal rates have risen because of inflation (通货膨胀), competition from online bill paying, and the rising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a spokesman for USPS. The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the "forever stamp" and the savings from not printing as many 2-or 3-cent stamps. "It"s not your grandfather"s stamp," says Mr. Saunders. "It could be your great-grandchildren"s stamp." Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps. Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, says he"s interested in the public"s reaction. "This is an entirely new class of stamps," Mr. Schilling says. He adds that he will buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make him rich-the volume printed will be too large for collectors. "We won"t be able to send our kids to college on these," he says, laughing. The USPS board of governors has yet to accept the Postal Regulatory Commission"s decision, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps. |
1. The main purpose of introducing a "forever stamp" is _____. |
A. to reduce the cost of printing 2-or 3-cent stamps B. to help save the consumers" cost on first-class mailing C. to respond to the complaints about rising postal rates D. to compete with online bill paying |
2. By saying "It could be your great-grandchildren"s stamp", Mr. Saunders means that forever stamps _____. |
A. could be collected by one"s great-grandchildren B. might be very precious in great-grandchildren"s hands C. might have been inherited from one"s great-grandfathers D. could be used by one"s great-grandchildren even decades later |
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? |
A. The investment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward. B. America will be the first country to issue forever stamps. C. The design of the "forever stamps" remains to be revealed. D. 2-or 3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future. |
4. What can be concluded from the passage? |
A. With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes. B. Postal workers will benefit most from the sales of forever stamps. C. The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps. D. New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps. |
Reading comprehension. |
Holiday Inns and McDonald"s, both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another direct business operation-franchising (特许经营). These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a successful retail (零售) business. At it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name. The parent company"s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right. The parent company supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees. For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages and disadvantages are different. By extending a "proven" marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee"s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company"s reputation spreads, the value of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, brings into play the economies of scale (规模经济). Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40. The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one. Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in franchises, through, probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent"s freedom to drop supplies at will. Of course the factory"s costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits. If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the franchisee won"t thoughtlessly destroy it. Franchising may give you the idea that as a franchisor, you need only relax in the rocking chair. Franchising, however, has problems to be solved. |
1. Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company _____. |
A. sells name-brand goods to a private investor B. rents proven ideas and techniques for investment C. sells the right, the guidance to a business under its name D. takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors |
2. The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT _____. |
A. an immediate investment return B. the ownership of additional retail stores C. the profit from the sale of supplies D. the possibility of profitable advertising |
3. The passage mainly tells the reader _____. |
A. the advantages and disadvantages of franchising B. the benefits of franchising to the franchisor C. the unmatched economic growth in the 1960"s D. some regional and national business operation |
4. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph? |
A. More advantages of franchising. B. Risks of investment besides franchising. C. The standard of consumer acceptance. D. Negative aspects related to franchising |
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