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题型：期末题难度：来源：
（注意：每空格填1个单词，不得用文章中的单词。）
reduce the drawbacks (缺点) least
Hosting the Olympics successfully is, perhaps, the greatest glory for a city. However, before turning the
dream into reality, the benefits and drawbacks of hosting the Olympics should be considered carefully.
Hosting the Olympics surely would bring about much gain to a city. Boom (繁荣) of the local economy,
more jobs, and the possibrlity ofmore income all sound very attractive to the govemment. At the same time,
better infrastructure (基础设施), cleaner environment, enjoying the wonderful game with hundreds of sports
elites (精英)and entertainment stars, and the chance of contacting people from all over the world also seem
exciting to the citizens. Besides, the hosting will certainly promote the patriotic (爱国的) emotion and pride,
as well as the moral behavior in local people. In most cases, hosting the Olympics is well supported by both
the pubiic and the central government.
But this is not the entire view of the pretty picture. If we look from another angle, the Olympic hosting
might bring about some side-effects to a city.
First, the environmental impacts, including the increasing exhaust (排气) smoke of cars, more pressure
on water resources, huge amount of wasted leaflets and other materials used for public activities, are most
probably neglected. In order to broaden the streets, some trees may have to be cut. Near the construction
site, the tiny dust may float in the air for a long time. Reduction of farmland may be caused by the need of
setting up new sports centre or accommodation facilities. These environmental consequences (后果) can be
especially serious in a resource-limited and thickly-populated city in a third-world country. Second, if we talk
about the economic benefit, it should not be forgotten that a quick increase may lead to bubble (泡沫) growth,
which may easily crash. If not well managed and organized, the big event may not be so profitable, and the
new facilities may be forever empty after the games. Yes, there have been cases that host cities ended up with
enormous debts.
No one stops eating merely because too much food might hurt his stomach and make him ill. Since we
have bid for it,what we can do is to make the benefits most and reduce the drawbacks least.
1______ 2______ 3______ 4______ 5______ 6______ 7______ 8______ 9______ 10______
答案
6. touch/contact 7. proud 8. pollution/problems 9. deserted/useless 10. possible/hidden
举一反三
countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that
international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is
probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support
the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the terrible incident (事件)
with the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by those incidents caused mainly by minor
national contests.
One country received its second-place medal with great anger after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There
had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They
were certain that one of their goals should not have been dismissed and that the opposite side"s victory
was unfair. Their manager was angry when he said:"This wasn"t hockey. Hockey and the Intemational
Hockey Society are finished." The president of the society said later that such words could result in the
pause of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not give away first place to Russia, after
a fighting end to their contest. The game had ended in quarrel. It was thought at first that the United States
had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian
player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player beat it into the basket.
It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The judges discussed the matter
for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then
decided not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played for honors or money rather than for the
love of the game. The suggestion that sportsmen should compete as individuals (个人), or in non-national
teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too
much that encourages dangerous nationalism.
B. made only false national pride
C. hardly showed any international friendship
D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
B. Hockey and the society are both ruined by the unfair decisions.
C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the society.
D. The society should be dismissed.
B. that sport men have been more troublesome than they used to be
C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship
D. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.
C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.
D. International contests lead to misunderstanding between nations.
The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population
in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless
population. and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place
to call home. According to the Coalition"s studies, of over two hundred million people living in th U?ited States,
up to three million are homeless and the number is still growing since the late 1970s, fast rising house prices,
large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession have made it impossible for
many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave
their homes and or unable to find new affordable homes. According to another research, families with children
appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, making up 39% of it. The old idea of a
homeless person, that of the single man who gets drunk all the time, is no longer true. A much larger part of
the population now finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it
impossible to find a job, since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home
address on a job application.
B. deal with
C. fight for
D. write to
A. 39% of the population.
B. 200 million people.
C. About 3 million people.
D. About one-fifth of the population.
B. they mostly have a drinking problem
C. they aren"t supported by government programs
D. they often don"t have enough work experience
B. The fast growth of family size.
C. The slow construction of houses.
D. The ever-rising price of housing.
speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The
difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fear of losing their competitive
advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.
In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended
with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on
the right track, What"s more, the firms that "slowed down to speed up" improved their top and bottom lines,
averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period.
How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing
better? They thought differently about what "slower "and "faster" mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand
the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to
deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the
speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and
services.
In our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary.
They became more open to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed
time to look and learn. By contrast (相比而言). Performance suffered at firms that moved felt all the among
their employer, and had little time thinking about changes.
Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather
than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must
come from the top.
B. Get an advantage.
C. Reach the limit.
D. Set a goal
B. spending more time and performing better
C. spending less time and performing worse
D. spending less time and performing better
B. How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.
C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.
D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.
B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.
C. Reduce time? Move faster.
D. Need speed? Slow down.
than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants,
and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family"s old farm house has become a chicken bourse, its
residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much
larger because, she said, "The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so
it"s a win-win situation all around."
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy
(经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing
gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say no since the 1970s have there been such an increase in interest
in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country hacek been sold out for several months. In
Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.
George C. Ball Jr, owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last
year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building
for the last few years. The big one is striking use in me cost on food like bread and milk, together with the
increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving
less, taking fewer vacations, so there more time to garden.
B. tomatoes
C. gardens
D. people
B. The price of oil is lower than before.
C. There"s a growing need for fruits.
D. The cost of living is on the rise.
B. Banking on Gardening
C. A Belt-tightening Move
D. Gardening as a Hobby
satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and
increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers
receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people; those treated badly tell
tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled
fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through
telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest (投资) a lot
of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"-caused by
delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
"Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr, Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City
University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to
establish instant and good relationship with then. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and
that you can trust them-the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their
local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying
that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product
immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers;
and always returning calls, even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised,
disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of
why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"),
and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced
them at that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer
anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems.
For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of
calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a
"we are here to help" attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure
that information is available instantly on screen.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught
to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as
"we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of
disappointment.
B. unsatisfied customers receive better service
C. satisfied customers catch more attention
D. well-treated customers promote business
B. people still prefer to buy goods online
C. customer care becomes more demanding
D. customers rely on their phones to obtain services
B. Gibing a "thank you"note.
C. Delivering a quicker service.
D. Promising more gifts.
B. "I appreciate your understanding."
C. "I"m sorry for the delay."
D. "I know it"s our fault."
B. they are more likely to meet with complaints
C. the services cost them a lot of money
D. the policies can be applied to their staff
B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.
C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.
D. Customer delight is more important for air lines then for banks.
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