Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the v

Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the v

题型:不详难度:来源:
Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought.
Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors, I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans.
It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions —actions which might otherwise appear “strange,”“ confusing,” or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective (aspect) of the foreigner"s own society and its values.
The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter (meet) an action, or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.
小题1: An ordinary American can"t tell you his / her value system because______.
A.this is something an American lives by
B.everyone will have his/her own system
C.he/she has never thought about it
D.values are something often in their thought
小题2: The author lists 13 values in his booklet to_____.
A.invite foreigners to visit America
B.look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors
C.describe the confusing actions of most Americans
D.help international visitors understand Americans
小题3:The underlined word “ingrained” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
A.rooted in the minds B.found in the grains
C.planted for foodD.prepared with grain
小题4: Visitors sometimes find Americans behave in a strange, confusing or unbelievable way, probably because___.
A.Americans are hard to understand
B.Americans have values which are entirely different from their own
C.they view Americans according to the values in their own society
D.it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them

答案

小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析

试题分析:文章讲述了作者总结了13种美国人的价值观,如果理解了这些就能够更好的理解美国人,而之所以会感到困惑是因为很多外国人只是用自己的价值观来看待美国人。
小题1:细节题。从文章They have never given the matter any thought.可知一个普通的美国人不能告诉你他的价值观,因为他们根本都没有考虑过这个问题,故选C
小题2:细节题。从文章I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans.可知作者是为了能够帮助不同国家的旅行者们更加了解美国人,故选D
小题3:推断题。从文章It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions 可知,这13种价值观是在美国人中非常普遍的,了解了这些,也就能理解95%的美国人行为,故这里应该是根深蒂固的,故选A
小题4:细节题。从文章actions which might otherwise appear “strange,”“ confusing,” or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective (aspect) of the foreigner"s own society and its values.可知,很多的人是用他们自己社会文化来看待美国人的行为,所以他们觉得困惑,故选C
点评:对于此类题,可以通过文章结构中所提的问题来迅速的理解全文,对整体段落的概括也相对容易。答题过程中在结合题目在文章中准确定位,相信每个题目都在文章中能找到相应的地方,把握好作者的意思准确作答。
举一反三
Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870, it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted many people. Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. These jobs didn′t pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known an the tango(探戈舞)came into being
At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It was danced in the bars and streets. At that time there many fewer women than men, so if a man didn′t want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.
In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning
The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris. Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞)to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters of the Paris theaters. After tango dances from Argentina arrive in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public an they performed their exiting dance in cafes, Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.
The popularity(流行)Of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America, It reached Japan in 1926, and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act an a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.
小题1:The origin of the tango is associated with
A Belly dances B. American soldiers
C. Spanish city D. the capital of Argentina
小题2: Which of the following is true about the tango?
A.It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.
B.People of the upper classes loved the tango most
C.It was often danced by two male in the beginning
D.A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.
小题3:Before World War I, the tango spread to 
A.AmericaB.Japan
C.FranceD.South Korea
小题4:What can be the best title for the text?
A.How to Dance the TangoB.The History of the Tango
C.How to Promote the TangoD.The Modern Tango Boom

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, grind the wheat for his flour, or cut his trees into boards. He also did not make the plows(犁), the work boots, or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good  plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this primitive form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.
小题1:What probably led to the start of advertisement?
A.The discovery of iron.B.The specialization of labor.
C.The appearance of new jobs.D.The development of farming techniques.
小题2:To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright__________.
A.praised his plows in publicB.placed a sign outside the shop
C.hung an arrow pointing to the shopD.showed his products to the customers
小题3:The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to___________.
A.explain the origin of advertisingB.predict the future of advertising
C.expose problems in advertisingD.provide suggestions for advertising
小题4:In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who_______________.
A.owned a ship
B.had the loudest voice
C.ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D.functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial
小题5:The last two paragraphs are mainly about_____________.
A.the history of advertisingB.the benefits of advertising
C.the early forms of advertisingD.the basic design of advertising

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From the beginning of human history, wild animals provided food, clothing and sometimes medicine. We may not depend so much on wild animals now. But we hear about them every day. Americans use the names of animals in many ways. Automobile manufacturers (制造商) and gasoline companies especially like to use big cats to sell their products. They like lions, tigers and wildcats. When Americans say wildcat, they usually mean a lynx, an ocelot or a bobcat. All these cats attack quickly and fiercely. So wildcats represent something fast and fierce.
An early American use of the word wildcat was quite different. It was used to describe members of Congress who declared war on Britain in 1812. A magazine of that year said the wildcat congressmen went home. It said they were unable to face the responsibility of having involved their country in an unnecessary war.
Wildcat also has been used as a name for money. At that time, some states permitted banks to make their own money. One bank in the state of Michigan offered paper money with a picture of a wildcat on it. Some banks, however, did not have enough gold to support all the paper money they offered. So the money had little or no value. It was called a wildcat bill or a wildcat bank note.
The banks which offered this money were called wildcat banks. A newspaper of the time said those were the days of wildcat money. It said a man might be rich in the morning and poor by night.
Wildcat then was used for an oil well or gold mine that had almost no oil or gold in it. Dishonest developers would buy such property. Then they would sell it and leave town with the money. The buyers were left with worthless holes in the ground. Today, wildcat oil wells are in areas that are not known to have oil.
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Wildcats and their stories. B.Wildcats and their characters.
C.Varieties of animal species.D.Relationship between animals and humans.
小题2:From the passage we can know that ______.
A.wildcats represent the state of Michigan.
B.the use of wildcats was not always the same
C.wildcats are the best friend of human beings
D.honest developers never buy wildcat oil wells
小题3:The underlined words “a lynx, an ocelot or a bobcat”in Paragraph 1 may refer to ______.
A.gasoline companiesB.automobile manufacturers
C.names of wildcatsD.brands of automobile
小题4:It can be inferred that during the days of wildcat money ______.
A.people couldn’t buy anything with the money
B.people didn’t know how to save money
C.the rich invested too much on oil wells
D.people complained and suffered a lot

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The USA is a land of immigrants. Between 1815 and 1914, the world witnessed the greatest peaceful migration in its history: 35 million people, mostly Europeans, left their homelands to start new lives in America. Why did these people risk everything by leaving their homes and families?
First, what forced emigrants to make the decision to leave? One major cause for European farmers to leave was the rise in population which in turn led to land hunger. Another was politics. There was an increased taxation(税收) and the growth of armies, and many young men fled eastern Europe to avoid being forced to join the army.
Physical hunger provided another pressing reason. Following the collapse (衰退)of the economy of southern Italy in the 1860s, hundreds of thousands decided to start a new life in America. Religion also encouraged millions to leave the Old World.
In short, people chose to leave their homes for social, economic and religious reasons. As a result, by 1890 among a total population of 63 million, there were more than nine million foreign-born Americans.
But what were the attractions? First of all, there was the promise of land which was so scarce in Europe. Next, factories were calling for workers, and pay conditions were much better than back home. Men were needed to open up the West and build the long railroads, and new towns needed settlers to live in and to develop business. There was the space for religious people to practice their faith in peace.
This immigration meant that by around the 1850s Americans of non-English had started to be more than those of English. As we know, there were losers. To start with, there were those unwilling immigrants, the slaves who had been used as a source of cheap labour. Nor should we forget the equally unlucky American Indians. By 1860 there were 27 million free whites, four million slaves and a mere 488,000 free blacks.
Nowadays, the USA is still seen by millions as the Promised Land. As always, it remains an attractive place to those who think it will offer them a second chance.
小题1:What is not the cause for people to leave their homeland?
A.The search for religious freedom.
B.The search for adventure.
C.Unwillingness to join the army.
D.Economics.
小题2:Why was life of the 19th Century European farmers difficult?
A.There was no land.
B.There was no peace.
C.The population had gone down.
D.There were too many of them.
小题3: Which of the following was not an attraction of the USA?
A.EmploymentB.A healthy life
C.freedom of religionD.Business opportunities
小题4:What is the topic of this passage?
A.The USA is still seen by millions as the Promised Land.
B.The USA is a land of immigrants.
C.Religion encouraged millions to leave the Old World.
D.About one-eighth of non-native born Americans live in the USA in 1890.
小题5: The American Indians __________.
A.were as fortunate as the slaves
B.were more unfortunate than the slaves
C.were the most unfortunate
D.were as unfortunate as the slaves

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Surtsey Was born in  1963.  Scientists  saw the birth of this island.  It began at 7.30 a.m.  on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain"s (船长) feet.He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch it. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967. It was 175 metres high and 2 kilometres long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.
小题1: Surtsey is_______.
A.an island not far from IcelandB.a new volcano
C.a fishing boatD.a place in Iceland
小题2: Scientists flew there_________.
A.to stop the birth of the islandB.to save the fishing boat
C.to learn about the islandD.to build a house
小题3: When did scientists fly to Surtsey?
A.Before the volcano broke out
B.As soon as the volcano broke out.
C.About four days after the volcano broke out
D.After the volcano stopped rushing up.
小题4:The best title of this article probably is______.
A.A New IslandB.The Birth of an Island
C.A New WorldD.Scientists Discovered Surtsey

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