In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was

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　　In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was

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　　In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple cameras. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.
　　The next important date in the history! of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another French, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre"s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
　　In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to cary lots of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
　　Mathew Brady was a well - known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life - like and full of personality （个性）.
　　Brady was also the first preson to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
　　In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography... Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls（卷）. So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.
　　With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures" snapshot".
　　Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.
　　Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
　　小题1:The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the inventoin of cameras
B．a kind of new art - photography
C．the development of photography
D．the important dates in the history of photography
　　　小题2:The first pictures of a war were taken by________.
A．a French photographer in the 1840s
B．an American photographer in the 1860s
C．a German reporter in the 1880s
D．a French artist in the 1890s
　　小题3:Photography can also be an art form because artists can ________.
A．take anything they like
B．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famous
D．show ideas and feeling in pictures

答案
　
　小题1:C
　小题2:B
　小题3:D
解析

　小题1:本文是关于照像技术的发展史，故答案为C。
　　　小题2:本文第六段为答案。
　　　小题3:最后一段即为答案。
举一反三
When in 1789，George Washington became the first president of the United States，there was no permanent(永久的)capital in which to house the government.During the Revolutionary War seven different cities had served as the national capital.In addition，members of congress(国会)could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located.Some officials wanted it in the north，others wanted it in the south.Each of the states hoped that the capital might lie within its own state lines.At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section(区域)by itself，separate from any of the states.The place chosen was situated on the Potomas River.The land belonged originally(原先地) to the state of Maryland，but Maryland agreed to the national government.The section was named the District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus.The city itself was named Washington，after George Washington.Work was begun on the new capital in 1791.In the year 1799 Congress occupied the new capital building at the same time the White House was opened as the home of all future presidents.
小题1:Before the year 1800，the capital of America had been located in_________.
A．MarylandB．WashingtonC．New YorkD．several cities
小题2:Why was it decided that the capital should be separated from any of the states?Because_________.
A．the District of Columbia was on the borders(边境) of several states
B．the District of Columbia was in the center of America
C．Maryland insisted that the capital lie in its own state
D．each of the states wanted the capital might lie within its own state
小题3:Presidents of the United States live in_________.
A.the capital building           C.Maryland           C.New York           D.the White House
小题4:Which of the following statements is true?
A．Capital is the place for presidents to live in.
B．Capital should be the largest city in the country.
C．It took nine years to build the capital of Washington.
D．Since 1791，Washington has been the capital of the United States.

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Shundagarh is a village on India"s east-facing coast.It is a village of simple mud and grass houses built on the beach just above the waterline.The Khadra Hills rise immediately behind the village,to a height of one hundred and fifty meters.A simple,good-hearted old man,whose name was Jalpur,farmed two small fields on the very edge of these hills.From his fields he could see the fishing boats that travelled up and down the coast.He could see the children playing on the sands;their mothers washing clothes on the flat stones where the Shiva River flowed into the sea;and their fathers landing the latest catch or repairing nets and telling stories that had no end.
All Jalpur owned in the world were the clothes he wore day in and day out,the miserable hut(小屋) that he slept in at night,a few tools and cooking pots—and his fields.The corn that he grew was all that made life possible.If the weather was kind and the harvest was good,Jalpur could live happily enough—not well,but happily.When the sun was fierce,and there was little or no rain,then he came close to the line between life and death.
Last year the weather had been so kind,and the harvest promised to be so good,that Jalpur had been wondering whether he could sell all that he had and live with his son farther up the coast.He had been thinking about doing this for some years.It was his dearest wish to spend his last days with his son and his wife.But he would go only if he could give;he would not go if it meant taking food out of the mouths of his grandchildren.He would rather die hungry than do this.
On the day when Jalpur decided that he would harvest his corn,sell it,and move up the coast,he looked out to sea and saw a huge wave,several kilometers out,advancing on the coast and on the village of Shundagarh.Within ten minutes everyone in Shundagarh would be drowned.Jalpur would have shouted,but the people were too far away to hear.He would have run down the hill,but he was too old to run.He was prepared to do anything to save the people of Shundagarh,so he did the only thing that he could do: he set fire to his corn.In a matter of seconds the flames were rising high and smoke was rising higher.Within a minute the people of Shundagarh were racing up the hill to see what had happened.There,in the middle of his blackened cornfield,they found Jalpur;and there they buried him.
On his grave,they wrote the words: Here lies Jalpur,a man who gave,living: a man who died,giving.
小题1:Which of the following could Jalpur NOT see from his Fields?
A．Mothers washing clothes.
B．Fathers taking their corn to market.
C．Fishing boats traveling on the sea.
D．Children playing on the sands.
小题2:Why didn"t Jalpur live well?
A．He didn"t work hard.
B．He had too many children to feed.
C．He only depended on good weather and harvest for survival.
D．The villagers kept taking his corn.
小题3:Jalpur"s dearest wish was to _________.
A．move away from his son
B．take a vacation up the coast
C．make a great deal of money in order to live an easy life
D．spend his last days with his son and his wife
小题4:What did Jalpur do when he saw the huge wave?
A．He set his corn on fire so the people of Shundagarh would leave the beach.
B．He screamed loudly to get the villagers" attention.
C．He ran down the hill to tell the people.
D．He stood still,not knowing what to do.

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Over a hundred years ago people in London were surprised to see a very unusual boat come sailing up the Thames River.The boat was eighty feet long flat-bottomed,with big wooden eyes on both sides in the front and was colorfully painted at the back.
People came to know that it was a sailing boat from Fuzhou in distant China.The boat had sailed round the Cape of Good Hope(好望角) up the western coast of Africa,and finally to England.It had covered fifteen thousand miles—more than half of the distance round the world.
Although it was unexpected,the Chinese were warmly welcomed.The boat carried goods such as silk and tea as well as a number of gifts from the Emperor of China for the Queen of England.
People had always mistakenly thought of the Chinese as a people not used to sea.However,from centuries of trading and sailing in dangerous seas,the Chinese had learned how to build good boats and sailed them well.The coming of this sailing boat to London proved once again that the Chinese could sail to distant countries in the world.
小题1:The boat was considered unusual because _________.
A．it was a small wooden boat
B．it carried Chinese silk and tea
C．it had traveled fifteen thousand miles
D．it looked strange in several ways
小题2:According to this article,which of the following is TRUE?
A．The distance round the earth measures less than thirty thousand miles.
B．The Chinese Emperor gave silk and tea to the English Queen as gifts.
C．The Chinese boat came to London by accident.
D．The Chinese people were not good at sailing in dangerous seas.
小题3:The boat reached London by sailing _________.
A．round the southern end of Africa
B．up the west coast of England
C．through the Arctic Ocean
D．round Asia and Europe
小题4:.The writer wants to prove that a long time ago the Chinese _________.
A．carried silk,tea and other goods to England
B．could reach many parts of the world by sea
C．could sail along the Thames River
D．surprised Londoners with an unusual boat

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Americans have contributed to many art forms,but jazz,a type of music,is one of the art forms that was started in the United States.Black Americans,who sang and played the music of their homeland,created jazz.
Jazz is a mixture of the music of Africa,the work songs the slaves sang,and religious（宗教）music.Improvisation is an important part of jazz.This means that the musicians make the music up as they go along,or create the music on the spot.This is why a jazz song might sound a little different each time it is played.
Jazz bands formed in the late 1800s.They played in bars and clubs in many towns and cities of the South,especially New Orleans.New Orleans is an international seaport,and people from all over the world come to New Orleans to hear jazz.
Jazz became more and more popular.By the 1920s,jazz was popular all over the United States.By the 1940s,you could hear jazz not only in clubs and bars,but in concert halls as well.Today,people from all over the world play jazz.Jazz musicians from the United States,Asia,Africa,South America,and Europe meet and share their music at festivals on every continent.In this way jazz continues to grow and change.
小题1:What can be the best title of the passage?
A．American Art FormsB．The Development of Jazz
C．The Music of Black AmericansD．The Birthplace of Jazz
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Jazz is now popular all over the world.
B．Jazz is now a kind of religious music.
C．Jazz is now played only in bars and clubs.
D．Jazz is now played a little differently sometimes.
小题3:From the text it can be inferred that_________.
A．New Orleans is the place where jazz was first produced
B．the American people are all jazz lovers
C．jazz is merely sung by the black when working
D．jazz may become more popular as time goes on
小题4:It took about _________ years to make jazz popular in the United States.
A．200B．120C．80D．40

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The basic flag of the United States is one of the world’s oldest national flags. Only the basic flags of Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzer land are older.
During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States, the flags of various European nations were flown over the land, as symbols of possession. Later, in the Colonial and Revolutionary War periods, flags representing famous persons, places, and events were flown in the American Colonise.
The first official flag of the United States was created by Congress on June 14, 1777. It consisted of 13 alternate red and white stripes and 13 white stars in a field of blue, representing the 13 colonies that had declared their independence in 1776. Congress adopted a new flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes in 1795, to give representation to the two new states admitted into the Union, Vermont and Kentucky.
By 1817, there were 20 states in the Union, and it became apparent that adding one stripe for each new state would destroy the shape of the flag. As a result, Congress in 1818 restored the original design of 13 stripes and provided that each state was to be represented by one star. In 1921 Preside William H. Taft made the first official provision for the arrangement of the stars. He ordered that there be six even rows of eight stars each. Previously the arrangement of the stars had been left to the flag- maker’s fancy.
The evolution of the stars and stripes reflects the growth of the United States. After the admission of Hawaii into the Union in 1959, the flag was official changed for the 26th time since its creation.
There are many government flags flown in the United States in addition to the national flag. Among them are the president’s and vice- president’s flags and those of the federal departments and some federal agencies. Each state in the Union has an official flag. The United States Navy uses special flags for signaling.
小题1: The basic flag of the United States is _______.
A．the oldest national flag in the world
B．one of the world’ s oldest flags
C．the most beautiful flag in the West
D．as old as the basic flags of some European nations
小题2: Before the War of Independence the flags of various European nations flown over the land were symbols of _______.
A．self- ruleB．occupation
C．peace and friendshipD．independence
小题3: The first official flag of the United States was adopted ________.
A．before the Independence War
B．right after the Independence War
C．when independence was declared in 1776
D．during the War of Independence which ended in 1783
小题4:The 13 red and white stripes and 13 white stars represent _______.
A．13 independent states
B．the colonies that declared independence in 1776.
C．the U. S. Congress
D．13 famous figures in the American colonies
小题5:How many states were represented on the new flag adopted in 1795?
A．13.B．15.
C．20.D．2.

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