阅读理解。 Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. - 高中英语试题 - 超级试练试题库

阅读理解。     Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America
and Australia are mobile and very open, people here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result,
they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time. So it"s normal to have friendly conversations
with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.
     On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are
more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person will want to get to know you very well before he
or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much
deeper than it would in a mobile society.
     To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger
from a less mobile society put it, it"s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all
about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don"t want to answer.
     Cross-cultural differences aren"t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All
flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different place to place. This can be
seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.
     Some societies have "universalist" cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every
person and situation in basically the same way. "Particularist" societies, on the other hand, also have rules,
but they are less important than the society"s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular
situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the
importance of the person.
     This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a
flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage,
but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for
his family. He expects that the check-in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for
him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn"t be fair to
the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don"t have his
problem. 1. Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians ____. A. like traveling better
B. easy to communicate with
C. difficult to make real friends
D. have a long-term relationship with their neighbors 2. A person from a less mobile society will feel it _____ when a stranger keeps talking to him or
    her, and asking him or her questions. A. boring
B. friendly
C. normal
D. rough 3. In "particularist societies", ______. A. they have no rules for people to obey
B. people obey the society"s rules completely
C. no one obeys the society"s rules though they have
D. the society"s rules can be changed with different persons or situations 4. The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules
    because of different ______. A. interests
B. cultures
C. habits and customs
D. ways of life

1-4: BADB

阅读理解。     Christmas Day, the birthday of Jesus Christ, is the most important festival in Britain and some other
countries. On Christmas Eve, people usually tell their children to put their stockings at the end of their
beds before they go to sleep. Children believe Santa Claus, with the other name of Father Christmas,
will come during the night and fill their stockings with Christmas presents. 　　
     Actually (实际上), Father Christmas is children"s father. He dresses up in a red coat and waits until
children fall asleep. Then he goes into children"s bedrooms, and puts small presents in their stockings.
When children are no longer young, they know who Father Christmas really is. 　　
     Not only children but also their parents enjoy Christmas stockings. They also have stockings. Early
on the morning of Christmas Day, children wake their parents up and say "Merry Christmas". Then they
help their parents open their stockings. Everybody likes presents. But it is better to give than to receive. 1. Christmas Day is______. 　　A. the birthday of Jesus Christ 　　
B. the only day for giving presents 　　
C. the only day for receiving presents 　　
D. the day for playing games2. What do all the British children do on Christmas Eve in the story? 　　A. They talk all the night. 　　
B. They sing and dance. 　　
C. They put their stockings at the end of their beds. 　　
D. They won"t sleep until Father Christmas comes. 3. Santa Clausis another way of saying _______. 　　A. Christmas Day 　　
B. Christmas presents 　　
C. Christmas Eve 　　
D. Father Christmas4. From the story we know that on Christmas Day children feel very happy because they can receive _______. 　　A. red clothes 　　
B. stockings 　　
C. presents
D. food

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完形填空。     Most of the foods we eat today were at one time or another not known to man. One by one they were
   1 and became a part of our everyday   2  .Very often the person,who was the first to   3 these foods,
however, had to be a person of   4  .Who. for   5 , ate the first crab and who, the first mushroom?
     When   6 and coffee were first introduced to 7   in the eighteenth century, there were many   8 for
and against their use. Some people claimed that they were   9 , and that, if drunk over long periods of time,
they would kill  10 . In Sweden,King Gustav III decided to find out whether these   11 were true or false.
It  12  happened that there were two brothers who were in   13 at the time; they were twins and were almost
exactly alike in every 14 . They had also been sentenced to 15 .The king decided to let them live if one of
them   16 to drink several cups of   17 each day.
     Both brothers lived many years without any  18  of any kind. At last one brother who   19 to drink tea
every day died at the age of 74 and  20  died a few years later. Because of the way the experiment had used,
Sweden is today one of the countries in the world where much tea and coffee are drunk.

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阅读理解。
The capital of Switzerland, Bern, is a beautiful city. It was founded in 1191 and has a lot of attractions and historic sites as well as an active cultural life. It is here that Albert Einstein once worked. The city of Bern was built with local sandstone in Gothic style (哥特式) with more arcades (拱廊) than any other city in Europe. It is one of the most attractive old towns in Europe,and is famous for its great sandstone buildings,historical towers and eleven famous fountains. Over the centuries,the city has been protected very well,and in 1 983 the UNESC0 (联合国科教文组织) claimed Bern a World Heritage Site. One house after the other and shop after shop,rows of shops are connected by ong sandstone arcades. Rain or shine, it is a pleasure to walk along one of the longest shopping streets. Bern has Switzerland"s tallest Gothic cathedral (大教堂). The Münster-Terrasse,a square in front of the cathedral,has been a famous meeting place for centuries. The wonderful Clock Tower has puppets (木偶) that come out before the hour and perform a 1ittle short play. The Center Paul Klee shows the largest collection in the world of one of the world"s greatest 20th century artists. The Swiss Alpine Museum displays a history of the Swiss Alps (阿尔卑斯山). Bern"s shining green river,Aare,winds its way alongside the old town and is lined with a number of scenic spots. Only a few minutes" walk from the station will take you to its tree-lined banks surrounded by nature. The Aare attracts people of all ages,especially in summer when the clean water invites you to iump into the river. It is during this time that mahy of the people in Bern enjoy swimming.
1. According to the passage,which of the following does Bern NOT have?
A. A long history. B. Tower Bridge. C. Puppet performances. D. Historic sites.
2. You may find the passage on a ______.
A. city magazine B. travel poster C. school newsletter D. company notice board
3. The UNESCO claimed Bern as a World Heritage Site because _______.
A. it has the tallest Gothic cathedral of Switzerland B. the attractions are well protected C. people living there have an active country life D. it is the place that"Albert Einstein onee worked in
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Bern is a capital city with a lot of places of interest in the world. B. The river Aare is a beautiful place attracting people of different ages. C. Paul Klee is one of the most famous artists in the World. D. Many of the people in Bern enjoy swimming in summer.
阅读理解。
Culture shock has many stages. Each stage can appear only at certain times. Culture begins with the " honeymoon". This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. This honeymoon stage can last for quite a long time. Afterwards, the second stage presents itself. A person may encounter some difficult times in daily life. This period of culture adjustment (调整) can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting the new culture. This"rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits, such as smoking, drinking too much. The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced. And you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor! This is called the"adjustment stage". The fourth stage can be called" at ease at last". Now you feel quite comfortable in your new environment. You can deal with most problems. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. If you meet someone from your country who has just arrived, you can be the expert on life in the new culture and help them to deal with their culture shock. The fifth stage is the stage that is called the"re-entry shock." This occurs when a return to the country of origin is made. One may find that things are no longer the same. For example, some of the newly learned customs are not in use in the old culture.
1. What could be the best title of the passage?
A. How to Fight Cultural Shock B. Stages of Cultural Shock C. Origin of Cultural Shock D. How to Adjust to New Cultural
2. In which stage may people miss their friends and relatives and feel homesick most?
A. The "honeymoon stage" B. The "rejection stage" C. The "adjustment stage" D. The "re-entry shock"
3. Why do people experience the "re-entry shock"?
A. The place is not the same as before B. The old customs have changes over the years C. They are not used to the local customs. D. They are no longer what they used to be.
阅读理解。
If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like "Shakespeare," "Samuel Johnson," and "Webster," but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn"t even speak English -William the Conqueror. Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language,and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic.In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons,and other Germanic and Nordic people,who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English ), a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German. But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England.For about a century,French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result,English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases,modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words.We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more "foreign" than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does.Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man"s ambition.
1. The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 were _____.
A. Welsh and Scottish B. Nordic and Germanic C. Celtic and Old English D. Anglo-Saxon and Germanic
2. Which of the following groups of words are,by inference,rooted in French?
A. president, lawyer, beef B. president, bread, water C. bread, field, sheep D. folk, field, cow
3. Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe?
A. Most advertisements in France appear in English. B. They know little of the history of the English language. C. Many French words are similar to English ones. D. They know French better than German.
4. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The history of Great Britain. B. The similarity between English and French C. The rule of England by William the Conqueror. D. The French influences on the English language.