阅读理解。 The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-192
题型：江西省高考真题难度：来源：
England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where
he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed "the
Garden City", almost certainly the source of Howard"s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning
to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the
time, but creating a unique combination of designs.
The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered
economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive:
though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression (萧条) and it offered neither
enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard"s idea was to combine the best of town and country
in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard"s idea was that a group of people should set up a
company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing
cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.
Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They
would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely
farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach
its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus,
over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each
garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by
a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
B. Through the combination of different ideas.
C. By taking other people"s advice.
D. By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.
B. making comments on
C. giving an explanation of
D. giving a description of
B. in the countryside where the land was cheap
C. in the countryside where agriculture was developed
D. near cities where employment opportunities already existed
B. Each one would continue to become larger
C. People would live and work in the same place
D. Each one would contain a certain type of business
B. The Invention of the Garden City
C. A New City in Chicago
D. A Famous Garden City in England
答案
举一反三
century buildings, white boats and noise of passing trams (有轨电车), you will start to understand why it
is called a city of two colors: white and blue.
The sea is always present in Helsinki. When you take a walk over the great open space of the central
square, you will hear seabirds screaming. When you take the tram, suddenly and unexpectedly, you are
faced with a calm, shining blue sea. You may notice that people in Helsinki do not rush about as in other
cities. Instead, they walk along the roads, politely letting other people by.
A usual way to see Helsinki for the first time is to start out by boat. You will walk by the elderly women
selling fish and vegetables in the market square and find yourself in front of a beautiful park. You may enjoy
a pleasant walk in the park for a few hours and then take the tram. Trams are the perfect way to get around
in Helsinki. Watching the old houses, parks, theatres, churches, shops, restaurants and people in the streets,
you may have a slightly sad film feeling to it.
The pale summer nights are another wonder in the city. Following the waterfront (滨水区) of the city
after sunset, you couldn"t help stopping and listening to the sweet silence, interrupted only by the screaming
seabirds and leaving fishing boats.
However, in some way Helsinki is also the most modern city in northern Europe. You will surely want to
visit the white Glass Palace, the modern art museum, and all those extremely popular cafes and design stores.
B. by bus
C. by tram
D. on foot
Helsinki is _____.
B. both quiet and noisy
C. both historical and modern
D. both old and new
B. a geography textbook
C. a research report
D. a travel magazine
B. Ask for information.
C. Listen to.
D. Provide with evidence.
B. interested
C. annoyed
D. worried
B. Raw materials.
C. Human resources.
D. Media support.
B. logical and moving
C. informative and significant
D. interesting and powerful
research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter
addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their "deep and widespread concern"
about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human
remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision
means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural
significance.
"Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether
after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of
archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice," they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so
bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary
extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk,
where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If
human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication
of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and
effectively destroyed.
Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and
historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured
archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.
Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said:"Archaeologists have been extremely
patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot
wait any longer."
The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should
be kept.
B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.
C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.
D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
C. The law on human remains hasn"t changed in recent decades.
D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.
C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.
D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.
broadcasts had found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries
since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard
Received.
Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany"s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether
accent (口音) changers recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. "As far
as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records," he said.
He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper-
class accent over the past years. "Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these
are very, very small and slow changes that we don"t notice from year to year."
"We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes," he told The Daily Telegraph, a British
newspaper. "In 1952 she would have been hears saying "thet men in the bleck het". Now it would be "that
man in the black hat". And "hame" rather than "home". In the 1950s she would have been "lorst", but by the
1970s "lost"."
The Queen"s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the
10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional
turkey lunch. (传统火鸡午餐).
The results were published (发表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
B. she has a less upper-class accent now
C. her speeches are familiar to many people
D. her speeches have been recorded for 50 years
B. "citee"
C. "hame"
D. "lorst"
B. Christmas customs
C. TV broadcasting
D. personal messages
B. The Queen"s Christmas speeches on TV.
C. The changes in a person"s accent.
D. The recent development of the English language.
Franklin, Benjamin"s older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize
today as a real newspaper. He filled his paper with stories of adventure, articles on art, on famous people,
and on all sorts of political subjects.
Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin"s Courant, few believe that newspapers in their present
printed from will remain alive for long. Newspaper companies are losing advertisers (广告商), readers,
market value, and in some cases, their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just
several years ago. The chief editor (主编) of the Times said recently,"At places where they gather, editors
ask one another, "How are you?", as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case. "An article
about the newspaper appeared on the website of the Guandian, under the headline"NOT DEAD YET."
Perhaps not, but the rise of the Internet, which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step
with the world, has brought about a real sense of death. Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their
market value in the past three years. The New York Times Company has seen its stock (股票) drop by 54%
since the end of 2004, with much of the loss coming in the past year. A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested
that stock-holders sell off their Times stock. The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only
by changing part of its business to education; its testing and test-preparation service now brings in at least half
the company"s income.
B. It marks the beginning of the American newspaper.
C. It remains a successful newspaper in America.
D. It carries articles by political leaders.
B. They care a lot about each other"s health.
C. They stop doing business with advertisers.
D. They face great difficulties in their business.
B. The Guardian.
C. The New York Times.
D. New England Courant.
B. Hopeful.
C. Worried.
D. Surprised.
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