The inventor of the world wide web,Tim Berners­Lee,has won an important award wh

The inventor of the world wide web,Tim Berners­Lee,has won an important award wh

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The inventor of the world wide web,Tim Berners­Lee,has won an important award which comes with a prize bag of one million euros (£671,000).The “Father of the Web” was named as the first winner of the Millennium Technology Prize by the Finnish Technology Award Foundation.He said he had just been “in the right place at the right time” and did not want his photo taken.
In 1991,he came up with a system to organize,link and browse(浏览) Net pages which revolutionized the Internet.The British scientist was knighted(封爵) for his pioneering work in 2003.
Sir Tim created his program while he was at the particle physics institute,Cern,in Geneva.The computer code he came up with let scientists easily share research findings across a computer network.In the early 1990s,it was called the “world wide web,” and is still the basis of the web as we know it.
The famous man never went on to commercialize his work.Instead he worked on expanding the use of the Net as a channel for free expression and cooperation.
“The web is encouraging new types of social networks and opening up new ways for information management and business development.The web has significantly improved many people’s ability to obtain information central to their lives,”said Pekka Tarjanne,chairman of the Millennium Technology Prize award committee.
Just under 80 people from 22 countries were nominated(提名) for the prize for their work in the areas of health,communication,new materials and the environment.
The Millennium Technology Prize was set up by the Finnish Technology Award Foundation,an independent body backed by the public and private money which aims to recognize outstanding creations.
Sir Tim currently heads up the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston,where he is now based as an academic.
小题1:It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that ________.
A.it is Tim Berners­Lee that invented the Internet
B.no one was able to surf the Net before the world wide web was invented
C.the Internet can’t be used so widely without Tim Berners­Lee’s invention
D.the Millennium Technology Prize was set up for Tim Berners­Lee
小题2:After inventing the world wide web,Tim Berners­Lee ________.
A.became the first person to receive the Millennium Technology Prize
B.became the first person to be knighted by the Queen of England
C.began to cooperate with many scientists in other areas
D.was given over one million pounds for his great contribution
小题3:Which of the following best describes Tim Berners­Lee?
A.Optimistic.B.Modest.
C.Ambitious.D.Careful.
小题4:What would be the best title for the text?
A.The Millennium Technology Prize
B.Tim Berners­Lee
C.The World Wide Web
D.New Honor for the Web’s Inventor

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D
解析

小题1: C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...he came up with a system to organize,link and browse(浏览) Net pages which revolutionized the Internet.”可推断,伯纳斯­李创造了万维网,使人们能够轻松地浏览网页、获取各种信息资源,所以互联网才能广泛地被人们使用。
小题2: A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The ‘Father of the Web’ was named as the first winner of the Millennium Technology Prize...”可知伯纳斯­李是获得千年技术奖的第一人。
小题3: B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He said he had just been ‘in the right place at the right time’ and did not want his photo taken.”可知伯纳斯­李是一个谦虚的人。
小题4: D
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍互联网之父伯纳斯­李获得的千年技术奖,文章包含两方面的内容,一个是他的发明,第二个是因为该发明获得新荣誉,二者结合,选项D最能概括全文的内容。
举一反三
It was a village in India.The people were poor.However,they were not unhappy.After all,their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day,some visitors from the city arrived.They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs.However,they did not have enough frogs of their own,and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing.There were millions of frogs in the fields around,and they were no use to the villagers.All they had to do was catch them.Agreement was reached,and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs.Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money.For the first time,the people were able to dream of a better future.But the dream didn’t last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first,but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well.More worrying was that the children fell ill more often,and,there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn’t just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak.They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(***虫剂) and medicines.Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening.It was the frog.They hadn’t been useless.They had been doing an important job—eating insects.Now with so many frogs killed,the insects were increasing more rapidly.They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now,the people are still poor.But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs.These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
(2010·辽宁,A)
小题1:From Paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers ________.
A.worked very hard for centuries
B.dreamed of having a better life
C.were poor but somewhat content
D.lived a different life from their forefathers
小题2:Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?
A.The frogs were easy money.
B.They needed money to buy medicine.
C.They wanted to please the visitors.
D.The frogs made too much noise.
小题3:What might be the cause of the children’s sickness?
A.The crops didn’t do well.
B.There were too many insects.
C.The visitors brought in diseases.
D.The pesticides were overused.
小题4:What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?
A.Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
B.Health is more important than money.
C.The harmony between man and nature is important.
D.Good old days will never be forgotten.

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Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn"t forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin"s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be. The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise(巨型海龟), which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.
小题1: What do we know about Darwin"s visit to the islands?
A.He studied different creatures on the islands
B.He completed his famous book on the islands
C.He was touched by the geography of the islands
D.He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands
小题2:  Which of the following plays a role in making the islands "a paradise for wildlife"?
A.Animals on the islands feed on grass.
B.Local government forbids killing wildlife.
C.People cannot visit the islands as they wish.
D.Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals.
小题3:  Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of_________.
A.The beautiful sea views
B.Darwin"s inspiring trip
C.a closer view of animals
D.various daring activities
小题4:  Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers
B.Calapagos as a Paradise for Adventures
C.Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos
D.A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection

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A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One" s physical assets and liabilities don" t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not- so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, the physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group--college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual" s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. on another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as who may be less attractive.
小题1: In "Beauty is only skin-deep", "skin-deep" can be replaced by______.
A.decoratingB.superficialC.expressiveD.demanding
小题2: "One"s physical assets and liabilities don" t count all that much in a managerial career."(paral) can be interpretated as______.
A.whether or not one looks good or bad, it doesn" t affect much one" s managerial career
B.in one" s managerial career, he may deal with cases like assets and liabilities
C.in one" s managerial career, he may rarely deal with cases like assets and liabilities
D.whether or not one looks good or bad, it may affect much one" s managerial career
小题3:  The result of research carried out by social scientists show that______.
A.people do not realize the importance of looking one" s best
B.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C.good -looking women aspire to managerial positions
D.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
小题4: "Good looks cut both ways for women" (Para.5) means that______.
A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public job
B.good-looking women always get the best of everything
C.being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
小题5:  It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world______.
A.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are
B.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C.physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well
D.good looks are important for women as they are for men

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Blind imitation (模仿)is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth. Imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strength. Imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.
In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.
Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Syudy your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not server. Then you can say,” I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors” tragedies and tory, and know that they are cheering on.
小题1: Imitation proves useful when you        .
A.know you are unique
B.lose the balance of life
C.begin to learn something new
D.get tired of routine practice
小题2:  To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should________.
A.forget daily fear and pain
B.choose the right example
C.ask others for decisions
D.stay away from stars
小题3:.Acording to the author. The world moves on because of those who are          .
A.desperate to intruence others with their knowledge
B.ready to turn their original ideas into reality
C.eager to discover what their ancestors did
D.willing to accept others’ ideas
小题4: The trouble a creator faces is          .
A.the lack of strong motivation
B.the absence of practical ideas
C.how to search for more materials
D.how to use imagination creatively
小题5: What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To highlight the importance of creatively.
B.To criticize the characters of role models.
C.To compare imitation with creation.
D.To explain the meaning of success.

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We"re all connected. You can send an e-mail message to a friend, and your friend can pass it on to one of his or her friends, and that friend can do the same, continuing the chain. Eventually, your message could reach just about anyone in the world, and it might take only five to seven e-mails for the message to get there.
Scientists recently tested that idea in a study involving 24,000 people. Participants had to try to get a message forwarded to one of 18 randomly chosen people. Each participant started by sending one e-mail to someone they knew. Recipients could then forward the e-mail once to someone they knew, and so on.
Targets, who were randomly assigned by researchers from Columbia University in New York, lived in 13 countries. They included an Australian police officer, a Norwegian veterinarian, and a college professor.
Out of 24,000 chains, only 384 reached their goal. The rest petered out, usually because one of the recipients was either too busy to forward the message or thought it was junk mail.
The links that reached their goal made it in an average of 4.05 e-mails. Based on the lengths of the failed chains, the researchers estimated that two strangers could generally make contact in five to seven e-mails.
The most successful chains relied on casual acquaintances rather than close friends. That"s because your close friends know each other whereas your acquaintances tend to know people you don"t know. The phenomenon, known as the strength of weak ties, explains why people tend to get jobs through people they know casually but aren"t that close to.
So, start networking and instant messaging now. As they say in show business: It"s all about who you know.
小题1: If you want to get into touch with a stranger in the world, how many e-mails might it take for the message to reach him/her?
A. 5 to 7
B. 18
C. 13
D. 384
小题2: Which of the following is Not true about the test?
A. 24,000 people took part in the study and sent e-mails to people they knew.
B. The 18 targets were chosen by chance.
C. About 98.4% of the mails didn’t reach their goal because some people were too busy or they mistook the message for junk mail.
D. The targets come from 13 countries, such as Australia, Norway and New York.
小题3: What does the word “estimate” mean in the passage?
A. make sure
B. suppose
C. think over
D. imagine
小题4: Why do people tend to get jobs more easily through casual acquaintances than close friends?
A. Because close friends don’t talk with each other so much.
B. Because casual acquaintances can help you know more people and make more friends.
C. Because close friends don’t spend so much time gathering together.
D. Because casual acquaintances are kinder and more willing to help others.
小题5:  In which part of a newspaper will readers read this passage?
A. Culture
B. Entertainment
C. Information and Technology
D. Health

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