Several years ago, a student working on a research project in my laboratory appr
题型：不详难度：来源：
Several years ago, a student working on a research project in my laboratory approached me with concern.“I’m doing something wrong,”she exclaimed. I had seen her research results and knew she was making good progress, so I was surprised to hear that she was having a problem. Over the next several days we went through her experiment; yet I could not find a problem. Finally, I asked her,“Why do you think you’re doing something wrong?” “Because I’m not getting what you said I should get,”she replied with some confusion.
Her response shocked me. I had not told her what she“should get”, but we had discussed some published hypotheses(假说) several weeks earlier. On seeing the research data that did not fit these predictions, I recognized that she had a new finding and came to change my hypotheses. But she was interpreting her results as a mistake. With almost four years of a college science major behind her, this student still had the common misunderstanding that science is a boring exercise in proving something we already know to be true.
But how can this happen? Throughout school, science is often described in textbooks as a series of“known”facts and figures; for example, DNA is a double helix; earthquakes occur at plate boundaries, etc. Unfortunately, the process by which these discoveries were made and how they fit into scientific progress are often ignored in the classroom. These details help show the nature of scientific discoveries and the tails help show the nature of scientific discoveries and the skepticism(质疑) that goes with new discoveries before they are accepted.
Understanding science is more than memorizing that DNA is a double helix. It is to have the ability to take in new information on diet, exercise, or disease and apply it to our own lives. Understanding the process of science and scientific problem-solving can help us make better decisions every day.
小题1:The student thought her research project had gone wrong because .| A．she was not making progress | | B．her teacher told her so | | C．she couldn’t get enough data | | D．she had some unexpected findings |
小题2:How did the writer feel when he found out the reason for the student’s confusion?| A．Confused. | B．Surprised. | C．Excited. | D．Pleased. |
小题3:What is to blame for the student’s misunderstanding about science?| A．Her own carelessness. | | B．Her teacher’s lack of experience. | | C．The method of science education. | | D．The publication of some wrong hypotheses. |
小题4:What is the last paragraph mainly about?| A．The meaning of understanding science. | | B．How to use known facts. | | C．The best way to make scientific discoveries. | | D．How to use scientific knowledge in daily life. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A |
解析
试题分析：这篇文章主要是想告诉我们要理解科学，而不是牢记，这对我们的生活有着非常大的意义。
小题1:细节题。根据文章可知，On seeing the research data that did not fit these predictions, I recognized that she had a new finding and came to change my hypotheses.这个学生认为他的科研项目出现问题了，是因为她的实验获得一些意外的结果。故选D
小题2:细节题。根据文章Her response shocked me.可知，当作者知道了学生的理由时候，感到很惊讶。故选B
小题3:细节题。根据文章But how can this happen? Throughout school, science is often described in textbooks as a series of“known”facts and figures;可知，科学教育的方式导致了学生对科学的误解。故选C
小题4:细节题。文章最后一段主要讲的是对科学过程的理解对我们的生活有很大的帮助。故选A
点评：议论文是高考必考题型，此类题型比较好解答，在答题过程中注意结合题目在文章中找到答案的位置，注意理解作者所要表达感情色彩和中心思想。 同时，如果第一遍不能理解，结合题目来进行理解全文，也不失为一个好的方法。 |
举一反三
We were on the way from Hutchinson to Chicago for a short spring break. For many years I had wanted to take my family on the train. We all had been to Chicago four years ago, and the kids loved it. Chicago is one of my favorite cities, too, so the thought struck me again last fall to ride the train to Chicago. Of course, flying would have been faster. But I don’t think flying is easier, especially these days, with all the security and waiting in lines at airports.
Though we were tired in the middle of the night, the kids got on the train with the exhilaration of this adventure. “We’re moving,” my son William shouted happily with big eyes as the train began to pull away from the Hutchinson station.
I removed my shoes and lay down to try to finish my night’s sleep. The sleeper car would have better enabled that, but the ordinary train seats were not too bad. An airline flight is a more miserable experience for me: not enough room, two hours of pain with my knees almost touching my chin, the hard seatback in front cracking my kneecaps (膝盖) with every move of the body planted in front of me. On the train I could almost outstretch all of my 6-foot-2-plus body in the generous legroom.
The journey didn’t feel at all as long as it was. We all found the train ride a joy. The car ride would have felt every minute of 13 hours. But on the train you are free to walk around, sit in the observation carriage for a while and enjoy the scenery out the windows, have a nice meal in the dining car, read a book, or play a board game.
In short, the train is all about enjoying the trip, which isn’t something I do so much when traveling by airline or by car, when the trip seems more of a mission (任务) to get there than an experience to enjoy along the way.
Chicago offers much to do for a family. This time, getting there was half the fun.
小题1:We can learn from the first paragraph that _____.| A．the kids love the train journey | | B．Chicago is one of the kid’s favorite cities | | C．the author didn’t enjoy the long train journey | | D．it was the first time that the kids were taken on the train |
小题2:What does the underlined word “exhilaration” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Excitement. | B．Relaxation. | C．Tiredness. | D．Worry. |
小题3:In the third paragraph, an airline flight experience is mentioned to show _____.| A．an airline flight is easier | B．a train ride is too long | | C．an airline flight is miserable | D．a train ride is more comfortable |
小题4:Which of the following words best describes the whole family’s feeling about the train journey?| A．Moved. | B．Delighted. | C．Disappointed. | D．Nervous. |
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My partner and I were staying in Beruwela on the Southwest coast of Sri Lanka when the tsunami(海啸) hit. We 1 from the first floor of our hotel. At that time, a wall of water swept in and tore the ground floor apart underneath us. 2 to be moved out to Colombo was very frightening because everyone was afraid that another and possibly bigger 3 would come. At one stage we heard that another wave was coming and there was 4 . Surprisingly, a fleet of small vehicles driven by local people arrived outside the hotel and we just 5 a minibus.
We were taken up a hill to a place of 6 where we were welcomed by a family who told us that we could stay as 7 as we needed to. Among all this death and 8 , these people were trying to help us! We were shown to the local Mosque where hundreds of locals were cooking, collecting and distributing food and supplies for those less 9 . In the three days we were waiting to leave, we saw many examples of ordinary Sri Lankans, many of whom had lost friends, 10 and livelihoods（生计，谋生方式）, trying to help others who were worse off. It was a very moving experience.
We have since been 11 the family who took us in and they are saying that what their country needs most urgently is practical help, doctors, nurses and medicines, helping to 12 roads and rebuilding electricity and water supplies. These people would have done anything to help us, it is time for the British Government to do more to help them.
| 小题1: | | A．heard | B．watched | C．learnt | D．moved |
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| 小题2: | | A．Telling | B．Forcing | C．Waiting | D．Ordering |
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| 小题3: | | A．wave | B．flood | C．hurricane | D．water |
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| 小题4: | | A．panic | B．peace | C．silence | D．violence |
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| 小题5: | | A．looked into | B．turned to | C．jumped into | D．broke into |
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| 小题6: | | A．safety | B．warmth | C．goodness | D．dreams |
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| 小题8: | | A．kindness | B．happiness | C．love | D．destruction |
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| 小题9: | | A．careful | B．fortunate | C．dependent | D．energetic |
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| 小题10: | | A．children | B．experts | C．family | D．relatives |
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| 小题11: | | A．in honor of | B．by way of | C．in contact with | D．on behalf of |
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| 小题12: | | A．make | B．clear | C．clean | D．build |
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If English is not your first language, it is a good idea to take English language classes to improve your written and spoken communication skills. There are many ways to learn English. You can learn from a book, a DVD, on the Internet or by attending classes. One of the most successful ways to improve your English is to join a course in a country where English is widely spoken. The more you practice, the more you will learn. But why learn the English language? English is an important language for anyone who is planning to travel or become involved in business.
Many people love travelling, but if their English is poor, it can be difficult to understand signs, read directions and make themselves understood. Before travelling, it is important to understand the culture and customs of the places you visit. Learning basic English before you travel will help you to understand these customs and avoid mistakes that could be embarrassing. When you are travelling, you will also enjoy meeting new people. If you can speak English, you will have a better chance of being able to communicate with the people you meet. Many of your new friends will speak English and others will have English as a second language. Without English, your friendships will be limited as you travel around the world.
If you are involved in business, it is important to be able to communicate in English. The Internet, world travel and modern communication systems have made the world seem like a much smaller place. These days business people interact with customers and other business people from all over the world. That makes your English language skills more important than ever. There are many English language courses that major in business communications. Improving your English skills is one of the best things you could ever do to increase your chances of business success.
小题1:What kind of people is English important to according to the passage?| A．Travelers. | B．Teachers. | C．Students. | D．Language experts. |
小题2:Which of the following is the best way to learn English well?| A．Travelling around the world with English-speakers. | | B．Taking a course in an English-speaking country. | | C．Learning from all kinds of books or DVDs. | | D．Learning on the Internet by yourselves. |
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the aim of learning basic English?| A．To research the causes of cultural differences. | | B．To understand the customs of your destination. | | C．To avoid embarrassing mistakes on your journey. | | D．To have more opportunities to communicate with others. |
小题4: What is the main idea of the third paragraph?| A．The more you practice, the more you will learn. | | B．Doing business helps to improve your communication skills. | | C．English is important for anyone who is involved in business. | | D．The Internet has made the world become smaller and smaller. |
小题5:We can infer from the passage that _____.| A．learning English well will make you achieve goals more easily | | B．learning English only aims at achieving business success | | C．without learning English, your friendships will be limited wherever you are | | D．you needn’t learn English if you don’t want to travel |
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Motorists over the age of 75 face compulsory tests of their eyesight and ability to drive under proposals being considered by ministers.
The biggest overhaul of motoring law in a generation could also lead to all drivers having to give assurances（保证）of their fitness to get behind the wheel every 10 years.
Other changes under consideration include issuing（发放）daylight driving licenses for motorists with night blindness, together with stricter checks on all drivers whose medical condition brought a threat to other road users.
It is understood that the proposals will be part of a review of the law governing the medical fitness of drivers that will be announced publicly by the summer.
The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency is dealing with a rising number of motorists who are concerned that they have conditions---from failing eyesight to epilepsy---that could affect their driving.
In 2006, the DVLA dealt with 600,000 motorists whose physical ability to drive needed to be recertified（重新认证）, a 20 per cent rise on the previous year. With an ageing population, the biggest challenge is dealing with the rising number of elderly motorists. By 2021, there will be an estimated three million drivers over the age of 70 on Britain’s roads.
Drivers must renew their licenses at the age of 70 and every three years thereafter. The applicant is legally required to tell the DVLA of any conditions that could weaken their ability behind the wheel.
Ministers have ruled out a compulsory maximum age for driving but will instead rely on tightening up the checks on motorists over the age of 75. The most likely option would be tests to ensure motorists were fit to drive. They would include an eyesight test and a cognitive（认知） test that would prove a driver"s ability to react to road signs, driving conditions, pedestrians and vehicles.
However, checks are likely to be tightened at all ages. The strictest controls are expected to be imposed（强制） on motorists of any age who have had a heart attack or stroke. They could have to produce a doctor"s approval to resume（重新得到）driving. Anyone making a false declaration would be guilty of a criminal offence.
小题1:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．The new motoring law will come into effect by the summer． | | B．Drivers over the age of 75 must renew their licenses every three years． | | C．Doctors will decide whether one can get their driving licenses． | | D．Drivers at all ages will be expected to provide their medical condition． |
小题2:What is the biggest challenge to the traffic safety in Britain according to the writer?| A．Ageing population． | B．Increasing number of cars． | | C．Increasing number of elderly motorists． | D．Driving conditions． |
小题3:The underlined word “overhaul” in Paragraph 2 means _______．| A．change | B．consideration | C．concern | D．challenge |
小题4:What can be learned from the passage?| A．There will be more and more aged drivers in Britain． | | B．Anyone can get a driving license as long as he/she is in good health． | | C．Health tends to decline as one gets old | | D．It will be guilty to make a false declaration． |
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Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For several years, Americans have enjoyed teleshopping---watching TV and buying things by phone. Now teleshopping is starting in Europe. In some __46__ countries, people can turn on their __47__ and shop for clothes, jewelry, food, toys and __48__ things.
Teleshopping is becoming popular in Sweden. __49__, the biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in fifteen European countries, and in one year, it makes $10 million. In France, there are two teleshopping channels, and the French __50__ about $ 20 million a year in buying things through those channels.
In Germany, __51__ last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for one hour every day. Then the government allowed more teleshopping. Other channels can __52__ for telebusiness, including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24-hour teleshopping company. German __53__ are hoping these will help them sell more things.
Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without __54__. With all the traffic problems in cities, going shopping is not an easy thing. But at the same time, other Europeans __55__ like this new way of buying things. They call __56__ “junk on the air.” Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things __57__ on TV. They think high quality is the most important thing, and they don’t believe they can be sure about the quality of the things __58__.
The need of high quality means that European teleshopping companies will have to be __59__ the American companies. They will have to be more careful about __60__ of the things they sell. They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see by themselves.
| 小题1: | | A．European | B．Asian | C．American | D．African |
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| 小题2: | | A．lights | B．switches | C．radios | D．TVs |
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| 小题3: | | A．some else | B．another many | C．the other | D．many other |
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| 小题4: | | A．Such as | B．For example | C．For teleshopping | D．It is like |
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| 小题5: | | A．takes | B．cost | C．spends | D．spend |
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| 小题7: | | A．begin | B．leave | C．open | D．turn on |
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| 小题8: | | A．people | B．women | C．businessmen | D．officials |
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| 小题9: | | A．to go out | B．going out | C．to buy things | D．buying things |
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| 小题10: | | A．still | B．don’t | C．even | D．won’t |
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| 小题11: | | A．teleshopping | B．TV | C．radio | D．telephone |
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| 小题12: | | A．appearing | B．coming out | C．for sale | D．to buy |
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| 小题13: | | A．in the shop | B．on TV | C．they bought | D．by this way |
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| 小题14: | | A．different from | B．the same with | C．as big as | D．larger than |
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| 小题15: | | A．the number | B．the quality | C．the places | D．the buyers |
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