If you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness, the cha
题型：不详难度：来源：
If you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be thought as a good-looking person, for a new study has found that the perception （认知） of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person"s personality．
The study, which was led by Gary W．Lewandowski, has found that people who exhibit negative characteristics, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers．In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities．
After personality information was received, participants also rated the probability of each individual" s becoming a friend and a dating partner．Information on personality was found to significantly change the probability, showing that cognitive （认知的） processes modify （修改） judgments of attractiveness．
"Thinking a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind," said Lewandowski．
The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends, which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and, finally, to being viewed as more physically attractive．The findings remained consistent regardless of how "attractive" the individual was formerly thought to be or of the participants" current relationship status．
"This research provides a positive outcome by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people"s impressions of how good-looking you are," said Lewandowski．
小题1:In the study the participants were required to _____．| A．try to make friends with each other | | B．try to prove positive characters make people more attractive | | C．exhibit negative characters such as unfairness and rudeness | | D．rate one"s attractiveness by photos before and after knowing her or his personality |
小题2:What"s the CORRECT order of how cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness?
a．find a person with a positive personality
b．view the person more physically attractive
c．want to make friends with the person
d．want to be his/ her romantic partner| A．a→c→d→b | B．d→c→b→a | C．c→b→a→d | D．a→d→c→b |
小题3:Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?| A．The research reminds people to pay more attention to the personality． | | B．Personality can change people"s impressions of one"s appearance． | | C．The judgment of one"s attractiveness always stays unchanged． | | D．Positive personality may lead to more friends． |
小题4:The passage is written in a（n） _____ tone．| A．subjective | B．objective | C．sceptical | D．negative |
小题5:Who are the intended readers of this passage?| A．People with positive characteristics． | | B．Good-looking people． | | C．People with negative characteristics． | | D．General people． |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B
小题5:D |
解析
本文通过研究，证明一个人的性格决定了一个人的魅力。
小题1:D 细节题。根据In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities．可知，答案为D。
小题2:A 排列顺序题。根据倒数第二段The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends, which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and, finally, to being viewed as more physically attractive．可知答案为A。
小题3:C 细节判断题。根据最后一句话it can even change people"s impressions of how good-looking you are,可知，答案为C。
小题4:B 作者态度判断题。本文作者并没有发表自己的观点，所以是一个客观的态度。
小题5:D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话可知，本文提醒人们性格决定了你的外在美。所以并没有针对特殊的人群。 |
举一反三
Ban Fur? Then Why Not Leather?
Much to the displeasure of some local businesses, the City Council in West Hollywood, California, voted without opposition last week to ban the sale of fur products. Should laws be involved in this issue? Is it unfair to ban sales of fur, but not sales of leather and hides (兽皮)?
Animals Do Not Have Rights
By Tibor R. Machan
My view is that animals do not have basic rights. It is a matter of ethics (伦理学) and not of the laws of human societies. If animals had such rights as human beings do, they would have to be held responsible for killing fellow animals in the wild. That way of thinking about animals makes a category mistake. Using animals, including their fur or organs, to improve people"s lives is acceptable.
A Small Step Against Cruelty
By Kate Carter
Both fur and leather are the skins of dead animals. Why should we think that the lovable furry ones deserve more of a life than the less pleasing ones? Some say leather is less cruel because it"s a byproduct (副产品) of the meat industry. But this isn"t really true. Some cheap leather may be a byproduct of the meat industry, but often it"s the other way round. In South Africa, where there is a developing market for ostrich(鸵鸟)farms, the skins account for roughly 80 percent of the slaughtered (宰***)birds" value, a mere 20 percent of which comes from the meat.
"Who" Are You Wearing?
By Marc Bekoff
West Hollywood"s ban is a move in the right direction. However, we must work to ban the sales of leather and hides, too. Furs come from animals who are attacked to become clothing, while some leather and hides come from slaughterhouse(屠宰场) animals. We must remember that when people choose to wear fur, leather and hides, they are wearing formering conscious beings. So it"s a matter of who they are wearing, not what they are wearing because these animals must be referred to as who and not what or that.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?| A．West Hollywood"s ban on fur products. | | B．Differences between fur and leather sales. | | C．The government"s role in protecting animals. | | D．The ecological imbalance in West Hollywood. |
小题2:Tibor R. Machan seems to believe that .| A．laws should be passed to protect animals | | B．humans are respornsible for killing animals | | C．it is not reasonable to use animals to improve life | | D．animals and humans aren"t supposed to share equal rights |
小题3:What is Kate Carter"s opinion about wearing fur and wearing leather?| A．Both are decided by the meat industry. | | B．There is little distinction (区别) between them. | | C．Wearing fur is generally more acceptable. | | D．Wearing leather is cheaper than wearing fur. |
小题4:What is Marc Bekoff’s attitude towards sales of fur?| A．Sympathetic. | B．Careless. | C．Tolerant. | D．Opposed. |
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Young children whose mothers talk with them more frequently and in more detail about people’s thoughts and feelings tend to be better at taking another person’s perspective（观点）than other children of the same age.
That’s what researchers from the University of Western Australia found in a new study published in the journal Child Development.
“Parents who frequently put themselves in someone else’s shoes in conversations with their children make it more likely their children will be able to do the same,” said lead author Brad Farrant.
Researchers of the UWA’s Telethon Institute for Child Health Research looked at the influence of how parents interact with their children to learn more about how people develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
The two-year study involved more than 120 Australian children aged between four and six, including children with typically developing language and others delayed in language acquisition（习得）.
The children completed tasks which were designed to assess their language skills, ability to infer others’ beliefs and use these to predict others’ behavior, and their ability to shift flexibly between different perspectives.
Among children with typically developing language, the researchers found that mothers who talked more often and in greater detail about people’s thoughts and feelings — commenting on how another person might react to a particular situation as well as their own feelings about the topic — had children with better language skills and better perspective-taking skills.
Children with delayed language acquisition were also delayed in their development of perspective-taking skills. This displays the role played by language as children develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
“Solving the many challenges that the world faces today requires us all to get better at taking the perspective of other people,” said Brad Farrant.
小题1:According to the text, to help children gain better perspective-taking skills, parents should __________.| A．give their children more chances to express themselves | | B．talk more with their children about people’s feelings | | C．encourage their children to guess other people’s thoughts | | D．spend more time playing with their children |
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE about the study?| A．Over one hundred American children took part in it. | | B．All the children had delayed in language acquisition. | | C．The children in the study were around five years old. | | D．Mothers helped their children to complete the tasks. |
小题3:Which have an effect on the development of children’s perspective-taking skills?| A．The surrounding environments. | | B．Mother’s perspectives. | | C．Personal characters. | | D．Language skills. |
小题4:In the last paragraph, Brad Farrant __________.| A．stressed the importance of perspective-taking skills | | B．expressed his concern about the world’s challenges | | C．showed how to take the perspective of other people | | D．explained why other people’s opinions are important |
小题5:According to the text, we can learn __________.| A．parents should talk to their children frequently no matter how old their children are | | B．it was Brad Farrant who wrote the study in Child Development herself | | C．the only way to improve language skill is talking to children more often | | D．parents who are always thinking about others will help their children do the same way |
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China has become Volvo"s third largest market, with more of its car models to go on sale in the world"s largest auto（汽车） market this year, Chief Executive Office (CEO) of Volvo Cars China said in Tianjin.
Alexander Klose, CEO of Volvo Cars China, told Xinhua at the Ninth Tianjin International Automobile Trade Show, being held from Friday to Wednesday.
Klose said Volvo Cars had entered a new time of fast development, adding that its sales volume in China roared in 2010.
Up to the end of September, Volvo"s global sales volume was up 12.5 percent year on year（同年比）, compared with 52 percent year-on-year rise in China, he said.
Two new Volvo sales centers opened in Beijing within merely one week in early October, about two months after east China"s ZhejiangGeely Holding Group Co acquired（购得）the Swedish brand from the US auto giant Ford for $1.5 billion in early August.
Klose said he was confident of seeing tremendous(巨大的) growth in China"s auto market in the next five years. "As the Chinese government has increased the tax rate for large displacement （排量）cars already, we now have a lot of cars below three liters（升）, and I think we"ll stick to that strategy, as you can see now the XC60 which was introduced today is just two liters," he said.
"As the technology advances, we"ll probably even see 1.6 liter engines or 1.5 liter engines in the future," he added.
Volvo Cars is not the only automaker hoping to take advantage of China"s rapidly growing auto market.
Bentley, the famous British luxury（豪华） carmaker, will open a new sales center in China at Tianjin Thursday, which is the 11th one in China, according to a press release（新闻发布） by Shanghai-based Zenith Integrated Communications Corp (Zenith) Saturday at the auto show.
Zenth is the public relations agent of Bentley in China. The automaker has sold 421 limousines（大型豪华轿车） to China in 2009, and the goal for 2010 is 777, the release said.
小题1:The word underlined in the third paragraph would probably be___. | A．shouted loudly | B．increased in large numbers | | C．reduced rapidly | D．burned brightly |
小题2:From this passage we can infer that ___. | A．The Ninth Tianjin International Automobile Trade Show was held from Friday to Wednesday. | | B．Volvo Cars is a world-famous carmaker in Britain. | | C．Of all the auto sales volume Volvo sales volume is only number one in China | | D．Volvo sales centers are developing very fast in China recently |
小题3:The text is mainly about____. | A．China Becomes Volvo"s 3rd largest market | | B．Volvo Cars in China | | C．Volvo Sales Volume in China | | D．Carmakers in China |
小题4:How many carmakers are mentioned in this passage which opened and will open new sales centers in China recently? |
Chinese people take their food and eat it extremely seriously .Eating is a communal (公共的),social, human experience in China .Sharing a meal is a sign of friendship，and trust , Eating plays a central role in friendship ,business ,medicine ,family and love. In short, food is life.
When eating, the rice is separated into your own personal bowl, but the dishes are placed in communal bowls in the center of the table and everybody help themselves with chopsticks .It"s considered polite, and sign of respect and friendship, to encourage other people to eat plenty of the good bits, even to pick up food with your chopsticks and drop it into their rice bowls for them.
Food is an important component of weddings, funerals and almost all Chinese festivals. New Year is the time for dumplings, the Dragon Boat Festival is the time for sticky rice Zongzi wrapped in leaves, and Mid -Autumn Day is the time for Moon Cakes. The dinner table is the best for forum(公共讨论场所) to close business deals ,and it"s the number one thing to do with friends.
Chinese women express their admiration for the opposite sex by cooking delicious meals of many courses, and these days it"s the other way round too.
In short, if you want to get to know Chinese people, understand Chinese culture and thinking and get into Chinese life, you have to eat and appreciate Chinese food.
小题1: What is the best title of this passage?| A．Eating Food in China | | B．How Do Chinese People Eat Food | | C．The Importance of Chinese Food | | D．Different Foods for Different Chinese Food |
小题2:In the first paragraph, what does the author mean by saying "food is life"?| A．Without food, there will be no life | | B．food is as important as life | | C．we must take food seriously | | D．we must eat food every day |
小题3:What is the representative food for the Dragon Boat Festival in China?| A．Dumplings | B．Moon Cakes | C．Jiaozi | D．Zongzi |
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I suspect that the most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our 36 , and especially if it’s given from the 37 . When people are talking, there’s no need to do anything but 38 them. Just take them 39 . Listen to what they’re saying. Care about it. Most times caring about it is even more important than 40 it.
One of my patients told me that when she 41 to tell her story, people often 42 to tell her that they had once had something just like that happen to her. Subtly her pain became a story about themselves. 43 she stopped talking to most people. It was just too 44 . We connect through listening. When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand, we move the 45 of attention to ourselves. But when we listen, they know we care.
I have ever learned to 46 to someone crying by just listening. In the old days I used to reach for the tissues(纸巾) 47 I realized that passing a person a tissue may be just another way to shut them 48 , to take them out of their 49 of sadness and pain. Now I just listen. When they have cried all they need to cry, they find me there 50 them.
This 51 thing has not been that easy to learn. It certainly went against everything I had been 52 since I was very young at school. I thought people listened only because they were too 53 to speak or did not know the answer. A loving silence often has far more 54 to connect than the most well-intentioned 55 .
| 小题1: | | A．introduction | B．instruction | C．attention | D．relaxation |
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| 小题2: | | A．head | B．memory | C．mind | D．heart |
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| 小题3: | | A．talk to | B．listen to | C．object to | D．stick to |
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| 小题5: | | A．denying | B．remembering | C．questioning | D．understanding |
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| 小题6: | | A．managed | B．tried | C．hoped | D．expected |
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| 小题7: | | A．encouraged | B．interrupted | C．discouraged | D．urged |
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| 小题8: | | A．Eventually | B．Immediately | C．Completely | D．Especially |
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| 小题9: | | A．impolite | B．meaningless | C．lonely | D．selfish |
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| 小题10: | | A．middle | B．focus | C．center | D．choice |
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| 小题11: | | A．respond | B．compare | C．link | D．regret |
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| 小题12: | | A．unless | B．if | C．until | D．when |
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| 小题14: | | A．experiment | B．mixture | C．judgment | D．experience |
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| 小题15: | | A．with | B．against | C．for | D．among |
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| 小题16: | | A．complex | B．simple | C．complicated | D．single |
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| 小题17: | | A．mentioned | B．published | C．taught | D．proved |
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| 小题18: | | A．shy | B．greedy | C．active | D．proud |
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| 小题19: | | A．strength | B．energy | C．power | D．force |
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| 小题20: | | A．gestures | B．praise | C．criticism | D．words |
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