Everybody hates it，but everybody does it．A recent report said that 40％of Americ

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Everybody hates it，but everybody does it．A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping．But why do tips exist?
The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality．It is believed that the better the service is，the bigger the tip will be．
But according to a new research from Cornell University，tips no longer serve any useful function．The paper analyzes number they got from 2，547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants．The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak．
Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend．In America，tipping is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service．In New York restaurants，failing to tip at least 15％could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers Hairdressers can expect to get 15％一20％．and the mall who delivers your fast food should be paid$2．In Europe，tipping is less common．In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge In many Asian countries，tipping has never really caught on at a11．Only a few have really taken to tipping。
According to Michael Lynn，the Cornell papers’author，countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more．tie says，“In America，where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others，tipping is about social approval If you tip badly，people think less of you .Tipping well is a chance to show off．”
68．This passage is mainly about
A．different kinds of tipping in different countries
B．the relationship between tipping and countries
C．the origin and present meanings of tipping
D．the reason why American people hate tipping
69．Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase“caught on”in paragraph 4?
A．been hated      B．become popular   C．been stopped    D．been permitted
70．Eating in a well—known restaurant in New York，who is likely to tip most?
A．A Frenchman．    B．A Chinese．  C．A Japanese．    D．An American．
71．We can infer from this passage that        ．
A．tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B．tipping has something to do with people’s character
C．tipping in America can make service better now
D．tipping is no longer popular in New York

答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:B

解析

举一反三

Enjoy the sumptuous Easter lunch buffet and children will be given the lovely Easter chocolate eggs。
Time：Mar, 28-mar 30, 2009 11:00 am—3:00 pm
Place：lucky corner coffee shop (hotel first floor)
Price：150 + 15% service charge half price for children under 12 years old.
Reservations：Scitech hotel 65123388-2114 or 2164
Bring your family and friends along to The Palace Hotel this Easter and enjoy the traditional treats of the season. Forget about the calories and enjoy favourite goodies such as Easter eggs, chocolate bunnies and hot cross buns, which will be sold outside.
Palm Court Coffee House every day from 8:00 am to 9:00 pm.
PALM COURT COFFEE HOUSE
Friday, March 28-- lavish fish buffet for lunch and dinner priced at RMB 180 for adults, half price for children.
Sunday, March 30--Roast carving buffet priced at RMB 160 for adults, half price for children.
ROMA RISTORANTE ITALLANO
Sunday, March 30 --Delicious seafood lunch priced at RMB 198 for adults, children under 10 years half price. Youngsters can work off their extra energy in a special supervised play area next to the restaurant.
Prices are subject to a 15% surcharge
Reservations on 65128899, ext. 7492 for Roma Ristorante: ext. 7561 for Palm Court.
March 30th brings a fun-filled Easter entertainment program to the Crazy Sunday Brunch at the Patio Coffee Shop from 11:00 am-3:00 pm!
Children under 10 year old accompanying their parents will enjoy this special meal for free and can even win lots of treat prices in the Egg Painting Competition!
WE GUARANTEE You A Fun Easter Sunday
Please register your children for the contest no later the March 29th as space is limited.
For further information and reservations, please call 6437668

8 ext, 2873/2865 Holiday Inn Lido Beijing
RMB 150.00 + 15% Surcharge(附加费)
Happy Easter
March 30   11:00—14:30
Hilton Hotel
The Easter Bunny is coming to town!
Join him for a special Easter Brunch at the Atrium cafe and enjoy traditional Easter favourites.
RMB 195 + 15% surcharge
Children under 12 years old free of charge. Surprise gift for the children at the Kid’s Corner.
60. The main purpose of the advertisements is to give information about _______ .
A. weekend activities                                               B. a holiday celebrations
C. the price for the meals in big hotels            D. Egg Painting Competition
61. It can be learned from the advertisements that the children can enjoy themselves most in _______ .
A．Lido Holiday Inn       B．Palace Hotel         C．Scitech Hotel   D．Hilton Hotel
62. If you want to have an Easter meal on March 28, which hotel can you go to?
A．Scitech Hotel and Lido Holiday Inn              B．The Palace Hotel and Hilton Hotel
C．Hilton Hotel and Lido Holiday Inn               D．Scitech Hotel and the Palace Hotel
63. If you have Easter Brunch in Hiton Hotel you will pay RMB _______ for it.
A． 195                      B． 224.25     C． 165.75      D． 97.5

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The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due to changes in the body’s physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.
Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcome it. A great number of the body’s events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact.
One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the surroundings tend to regularize the internal clocks to the more convenient 24-hour period.

If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together, now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.
In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.
What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut. It relies on two things-the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee. The basic assumptions are:
Coffee

delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep. Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.
46. What is jet lag associated with?
A. Psychological change.           B. Physiological change.
C. Inexperience of rapid travel.      D. Unfamiliar environment.
47. What helps us to adjust to a 24-hour rhythm?
A. Alarm clock.                  B. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in our brain.
C. Signals from outside of the body.   D. Our senses and stomachs.
48. What do we know from the fifth paragraph?
A. A person moving to a different time zone will suffer from high blood pressure.
B. A person moving to a different time zone will sweat a lot.
C. Moving to a different time zone will affect both palm sweat and blood pressure.
D. If the rhythm of blood pressure and palm sweat are not in step, there will be jet lag.
49. What should we do if we want to stay awake?
A. To take coffee at three o’clock in the afternoon.
B. To have meals that contain lots of protein.
C. To have some carbohydrate drinks.
D. To stop putting food into our stomach.
50. How can we cure jet lag?
A. To sleep for days.      B. To wait for self-recovery.
C. To drink tea.          D. To get something to eat.

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Bend over, take a deep breath and drink some water! This is just one of hundreds of tips you might get if you have the hiccups （打嗝）．Hiccups are so mysterious．We really don"t know why they start and why they stop．
Everyone has a favorite cure for a case of the hiccups．Some people think that a good scare is necessary to get well．Others eat a teaspoon of sugar．Still others drink a glass of water with a knife in it．
An American man named Jack O"Leary said he had hiccupped 160 million times over a period of eight years．He tried 60,000 cures, but none of them worked．At last he prayed to Saint Jude, the saint of Hopeless cases, and his hiccupping stopped immediately.
It took a British plumber eight months to cure his hiccups．People from all over the world wrote him letters with suggestions for getting well．He tried them all, but the hiccups continued．Finally, he drank a "secret" mixture someone had sent him．By that evening his hiccups were gone．
Why did these cures work for these two men? No one really knows．But people who have studied many cases of hiccups have an idea—hiccups usually go away if you believe in the cure．
小题1:How did Jack O"Leary stop his hiccups?

A．He took a deep breath．	B．He prayed to Saint Jude．
C．He ate a teaspoon of sugar．	D．He drank a "secret" mixture．

小题2:The British plumber spent _ ___in stopping his hiccups．

A．4 hours

B．2 days

C．8 months

D．8 years

小题3: might be the best cure for hiccups according to the passage．

A．Cold water	B．A spoonful of salt
C．Special pills	D．What you believe in

小题4:From this passage, we can learn ____．

A．Saint Jude is an expert in curing the hiccups

B．the reason why the hiccups start and why the hiccups stop

C．some people think that a good scare is a cure for a case of hiccups

D．the British plumber drank a "secret" mixture given by an experienced doctor and then became well

小题5:What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Different ways to stop hiccups．	B．What makes hiccups happen．
C．How to get hiccups．	D．Jack O"Leary"s hiccups．

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Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language，Our everyday speech is made up in large part of words like probably, many, soon,great,little.What do these words mean?
Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized. Indeed, it has a value Just because it allows uw to express judgments when a precise quantitative statement is out of the question.
We have been trying to pin down by experiments what people meari by these expressions in specific contexts, and how the meanings change with age. For instance,a subject is told "There are many trees in the park" and is asked to say what number the word may mean to him. Or a child is invited to take "some" sweets from a bowl and we then count how many he has taken. We compare the number he takes when he is alone with the number when one or more other children are present and are to take some sweets after him, or with the number he takes when told to give
“some" sweets to another child.
First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved. To most people some friends means about five, while some trees means about twenty. However, unrelated areas sometimes show parallel values. For instance, the language of probability seems to mean about the same thing in predictions about the weather and about politics: the expression is certain to( rain,or be elected)signifies to the average person about a 70 percent chance; is likely to, about a 60 percent chance; probably will, about 55 percent.
Secondly, the size of the population of items influences the value assigned to an expression.Thus, if we tell a subject to take "a few" or“a lot of" glass balls from a box, he will take me if the box contains a large number of glass balls than if it has a small number, But not proportionately more: if we increase the number of glass balls eight times, the subject takes only half as large a percentage of the total.
Thirdly, there is a marked change with age. Among children between six and fourteen years old, the older the child, the fewer glass balls, he will take. But the difference between a lot and a few widens with age. This age effect is so consistent that it might be used as a test of intelligence.
51. What"s the right attitude towards the words like probably, any and soon ?
A. They are inaccurate and we should avoid them.
B. They are necessary since we cannot be always precise.
C. They should be criticized because there are too many of them.
D. Their value is not yet clear since we don"t know their meaning.
52. Why do we do experiments with the words many and some?
A. To prove that people are insensitive to these words.
B. To prove that the words dominate our everyday speech.
C. To find out how the meanings vary with age and contexts.
D. To find out whether the words can mean a precise quantity.
53. Which of the following expressions means a larger chance in weather broadcast?
A. Possible. B. Probable. C. Be likely to. D. Be certain to.
54. Which of the following is similar to the underlined word signifies in its meaning?
A. makes B. means C. predicts D. indicates
55. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Uncertainty in the Language Use.
B. How to Use Language in an Uncertain Way
C.Uncertain Words and their Use in Specific Contexts
D. Experiments on Relationship between Uncertainty and Language Use

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Ⅳ．阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
The holiday season can be a very stressful time for many people．Sometimes，we ale too busy to shop for the right gifts for our friends and family．
Besides that，you may hurry，not only to find the right present，but also a parking place for your car．
The people you give gifts to have different interests，and it is hard to go everywhere to fend suitable gifts．Some of the best gifts I have found have been online．This saves me a lot of trouble．I can find the best sports tickets and best event tickets all from my own chair．
There are different types of tickets for sale online．You can buy anything nowadays from concerts to the best sporting events available．You may even find tickets for nearly everyone．
The tickets are colorful，such as the circus，shows for children，or The Sound of Music．These events are fun for the whole family and interesting gifts．
Wherever you live, you can get tickets for just about any city in North America．You won’t have to pay an arm and a leg for the best sports tickets or for superior seats for shows．Sometimes，the tickets can turn out to be cheapen
Tickets make truly nice presents．First of all, you don’t have to walk up and down the store．Secondly, you can usually spend less money．Thirdly, you have a vast of selections when you look for tickets on the Internet．There is always a clever choice online for everyone on your gift list．Want to know more? Crick here!
56．The underlined part “to pay all arm and a leg”means
A．to spend money in buying an arm and a leg
B．to spend time in getting an arm and a leg
C．to be busy driving up and down
D．to be busy watching sports meetings
57．The main purpose of writing the passage is       ．
A．to sell the useful and colorful tickets
B．to tell you some kinds of tickets you may buy
C．to buy the tickets online or in shops
D．to introduce a new way to buy presents
58．Which one do you think is the best title of the passage?
A．Ticket—a Nice Present
B．Do No Shopping on Holidays
C．Different Colorful and Useful Tickets
D．How to Buy Tickets in Holidays
59．According to the passage，we are sure that
A．the article comes from a magazine
B．you can buy tickets for your friends in any city
C．we may buy some tickets at a low price sometimes
D．a friend in England may get your ticket-present

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